Πέμπτη 19 Μαΐου 2022

Vitamin D deficiency and C-reactive protein: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

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Abstract
Background
Low vitamin D status is often associated with systemic low-grade inflammation as reflected by elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. We investigated the causality and direction of the association between vitamin D status and CRP using linear and non-linear Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.
Methods
MR analyses were conducted using data from 294 970 unrelated participants of White-British ancestry from the UK Biobank. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and CRP concentrations were instrumented using 35 and 46 genome-wide significant variants, respectively.
Results
In non-linear MR analysis, genetically predicted serum 25(OH)D had an L-shaped association with serum CRP, where CRP levels decreased sharply with increasing 25(OH)D concentration for participants within the deficiency range (<25 nmol/L) and levelled off at ∼50 nmol/L of 25(OH)D (Pnon-linear� ��= 1.49E-4). Analyses using several pleiotropy-robust methods provided consistent results in stratified MR analyses, confirming the inverse association between 25(OH)D and CRP in the deficiency range (P = 1.10E-05) but not with higher concentrations. Neither linear or non-linear MR analysis supported a causal effect of serum CRP level on 25(OH)D concentration (Plinear = 0.32 and Pnon-linear = 0.76).
Conclusion
The observed association between 25(OH)D and CRP is likely to be caused by vitamin D deficiency. Correction of low vitamin D status may reduce chronic inflammation.
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Frequency and distribution of H1N1 influenza A viruses with oseltamivir‐resistant mutations worldwide before and after the 2009 pandemic

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Abstract

H1N1 influenza has brought serious threats to people's health and a high socio-economic burden to society. Oseltamivir, a kind of neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor, is the second-generation specific drug that is broadly used currently. However, H1N1 influenza viruses have exhibited oseltamivir resistance in the past decades, which might be a hidden danger. To understand the frequency and distribution laws of oseltamivir-resistant viruses, we conducted a thorough and deep analysis of the available NA protein sequences of H1N1 influenza viruses worldwide from 1918 to 2020. The differences and similarities before and after 2009 were also considered since the dominant viruses changed in this period. Results showed that 3.76% of H1N1 viruses harbored oseltamivir resistance currently. Among various significative mutations, H274Y had the highest frequency of 3.30%, while the frequencies of the other mutations were far below this whether before or after 2009. The oseltam ivir resistance was mainly found in three hosts, human, swine, and avian. Different mutation sites could exhibit different distributions in each host. Our results showed that the resistance level reached a peak during the 2007-2008 influenza season and then quickly decreased in 2009. The resistance also displayed a global distribution. The densely populated countries usually had a high resistance level. However, frequent significative mutations were also found in some small countries. Our findings indicated the necessity of monitoring oseltamivir resistance around the world. The study could provide a unique perspective towards the cognition of viruses and facilitate the future study of both pandemic and drug development.

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Cytologic diagnosis of parotid gland Warthin tumor: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

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Abstract

It is important to define the accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of Warthin tumor (WT). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the accuracy of FNAC in the diagnosis of WT in the parotid gland and WT growth rate. For determination of FNAC accuracy, 17 studies, encompassing 1710 cases, were included. Pulled random model estimates of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 93.7% (95%CI: 92.1, 95.3), 97.9% (95%CI: 97, 98.9), 93.3% (95%CI: 91.5, 95.1), and 97.4% (95%CI: 96.4, 98.4), respectively. FNAC is highly reliable for the diagnosis of WT of the parotid. The high PPV value suggests that patients with a cytological diagnosis of WT of the parotid may be assigned to active surveillance.

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Mutations in DNA binding domain of p53 impede RSL1D1-p53 interaction to escape from degradation in human colorectal cancer cells

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Publication date: Available online 18 May 2022

Source: Experimental Cell Research

Author(s): Li Ding, Chenhong Zhao, Yujie Xu, Zhiping Zhang, Yesen Nie, Kai Liao, Yuerou Chen, Beibei Tu, Xinyue Zhang

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p53 missense mutant G242A subverts natural killer cells in sheltering mouse breast cancer cells against immune rejection

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Publication date: Available online 18 May 2022

Source: Experimental Cell Research

Author(s): Mohammad B. Uddin, Kartik R. Roy, Ronald A. Hill, Sagor C. Roy, Xin Gu, Li Li, Qian-Jin Zhang, Zongbing You, Yong-Yu Liu

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Endoscopic modified transseptal bi-nostril approach for pituitary tumors. Efficacy of complex preservation of every turbinate and olfaction: A STROBE analysis

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Publication date: Available online 18 May 2022

Source: European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases

Author(s): T. Takeda, K. Omura, E. Mori, R. Mori, Y. Ishii, N. Otori

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High dose chemoradiotherapy increases chance of organ preservation with satisfactory functional outcome for rectal cancer

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High dose chemoradiotherapy offers a curative chance for patients with rectal cancer that are unfit or unwilling to undergo surgical resection, yet its long-term survival and functional outcomes have been rare...
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PD-L1 expression in 117 sinonasal mucosal melanomas and its association with clinical outcome

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Publication date: Available online 18 May 2022

Source: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology

Author(s): Lining Wang, Honggang Liu

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Infrahyoid myocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyse the literature on the infrahyoid myocutaneous flap (IHMCF) and evaluate its clinical outcomes. The MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases were searched (inception to December 31, 2021). Meta-analyses were then conducted to estimate the overall rates of partial flap loss, total flap loss, salivary fistula, and surgical revision. The 21 studies that met the inclusion criteria included 768 patients undergoing head and neck reconstruction with 773 IHMCF. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Posterior tibial artery flap versus radial forearm flap in oral cavity reconstruction and donor site morbidity

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The repair of soft tissue defects after oral cavity cancer resection is challenging. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes and donor site morbidity of the radial forearm free flap (RFF) and posterior tibial artery perforator flap (PTAF) for oral cavity reconstruction after cancer ablation. All patients who underwent oral cavity reconstruction with a RFF or PTAF between January 2017 and December 2019 were included retrospectively in this study. All flaps were harvested with a long adipofascial extension. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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