Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A(H3N2)-Related Illness in the United States During the 2021–2022 Influenza Season

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A(H3N2)-Related Illness in the United States During the 2021–2022 Influenza Season via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract Background In the United States, influenza activity during the 2021-2022 season was modest and sufficient enough to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness for the first time since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. We estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness against lab-confirmed outpatient acute illness caused by predominant A(H3N2) viruses. Methods Between October 2021 and April 2022, research staff across 7 sites enrolled patients aged ≥6 months seeking outpatient care for acute respiratory illness with cough. Using a test-negative design, we assessed VE against influenza A(H3N2). Due to strong correlation between influenza and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were excluded from vaccine effectiveness estimations. Estimates were adjusted for site, age, month of illness, race/ethnicity and general health status. Results Among 6,260 participants, 468 (7%) tested positive for influenza only, including 440 (94%) for A(H3N2). All 206 sequenced A(H3N2) viruses were characterized as belonging to genetic group 3C.2a1b subclade 2a.2, which has antigenic differences from the 2021–2022 season A(H3N2) vaccine component that belongs to clade 3C.2a1b subclade 2a.1. After excluding 1,948 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, 4,312 patients were included in analyses of influenza VE; 2,463 (57%) were vaccinated against influenza. Effectiveness against A(H3N2) for all ages was 36% (95%CI, 20-49%) overall. Conclusion Influenza vaccination in 2021–2022 provided protection against influenza A(H3N2)-related outpatient visits among young persons. View on Web

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Effectiveness of dietary interventions delivered by digital health to adults with chronic conditions: Systematic review and Meta‐analysis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Effectiveness of dietary interventions delivered by digital health to adults with chronic conditions: Systematic review and Meta‐analysis via Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Abstract Background Digital health interventions may facilitate management of chronic conditions; however, no reviews have systematically assessed the effectiveness of dietary interventions delivered by digital health platforms for improving dietary intake and clinical outcomes for adults with diet-related chronic conditions. Methods Databases CINAHL, CENTRAL, Embase and MEDLINE were searched from inception to April 2021 to identify controlled trials for dietary education delivered by digital health (mobile or electronic health) to adults with diet-related chronic conditions. Random effects analysis was performed for diet quality, food groups, nutrients, and clinical outcomes. Screening, data extraction and quality checking were completed in duplicate. Results Thirty-nine studies were included involving 7,333 participants. Significant changes were found for Mediterranean diet adherence score [standardised mean difference (SMD): 0.79; 95% confidence inter val (CI): 0.18, 1.40], overall fruit and vegetable intake [mean difference (MD): 0.63 serves/day; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.98], fruit intake alone [MD: 0.58 serves/day; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.77] and sodium intake [SMD: -0.22 milligrams/day; 95% CI: -0.44, -0.01]. Improvements were also found for waist circumference [MD: -2.24cm; 95% CI: -4.14, -0.33], body weight [MD: -1.94kg; 95% CI: -2.63, -1.24] and haemoglobin A1c [MD: -0.17%; 95% CI: -0.29, -0.04]. Validity of digital assessment tools to measure dietary intake were not reported. The quality of evidence was considered to have low to moderate certainty. Conclusions Modest improvements in diet and clinical outcomes may result from intervention via digital health for those with diet-related chronic conditions. However, additional robust trials with better reporting of digital dietary assessment tools are needed to support implementation within clinical practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Decompression versus decompression plus fusion for treating degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Decompression versus decompression plus fusion for treating degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis via Pain Practice Abstract Background Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) is a complex clinical syndrome that leads to spinal compression. Decompression with fusion has been the most commonly used surgical procedure for treating DLSS symptoms for many years. However, the exact role of fusion and its effectiveness in DLSS therapy has recently been debated. Objective The main purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of decompression alone and decompression plus fusion in the treatment of DLSS with or without spondylolisthesis. Study design A systematic review and meta-analysis of the therapeutic effects of decompression for DLSS with or without the combination of fusion. Methods A literature search in 5 relevant databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library was performed from the inception of the database to March 2022. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the comparison between decompression and decompression plus fusion for DLSS were included. Results A total of 7 studies, 894 patients were analyzed in this meta-analysis. Among these, 443 patients were included in the decompression plus fusion group while 451 patients were included in the decompression alone group. Pooled analysis showed that the combination of decompression with fusion had no superior benefits to decompression alone in terms of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score in the first two years and long-term follow-up after surgery, also no significant difference in the improvement of back and leg pain was found between two groups. Adding fusion to decompression was associated with a longer operation time, higher complication rate, more blood loss, and extended hospital stay. Furthermore, there was no difference in reoperation rates and patients' satisfaction between the two groups at the last follow-up. Conclusion Decompression plus fusion may not be associated with a better clinical outcome in ODI score and back or leg pain improvement but with a longer duration of operation time, extended hospital stay, and more blood loss. View on Web

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State-of-the-art: septal perforation repair

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader State-of-the-art: septal perforation repair via Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Published Ahead-of-Print Purpose of review To provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution of the different techniques described for the surgical repair of nasal septal perforation, and a surgical decision-making algorithm for its surgical treatment. Recent findings Septal perforation surgery has evolved and improved in recent years. It has gone from being an avoided or discouraged surgical procedure to a procedure with success rates of >90%. Nowadays, there is no standard approach or single technique. The different techniques described include unilateral random pattern flaps, interposition grafts, unilateral pedicle septal local flaps, free mucosal grafts and bilateral random patter flaps. The incidence of success is higher in pediculated septal flaps such as the anterior ethmoidal artery flap or the greater palatine artery pedicled flap combined with additional techniques. Summary Nowadays, surgical closure of septal perforation is possible and should be an option to consider in symptomatic patients without response to medical treatment. The surgical approach that we recommend when planning the surgical closure of nasal septum (or nasoseptal) perforation is based on the osseocartilaginous support and the location of the defect. View on Web

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The link between allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The link between allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis via Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Published Ahead-of-Print Purpose of review Allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are common disorders affecting millions of people worldwide. Although allergic rhinitis and CRS are distinct clinical entities, certain CRS endotypes share similar pathological mechanisms as those seen in patients with allergic rhinitis. This review assesses the literature behind the similarities and differences seen in patients with CRS and allergic rhinitis, and the role atopy might play in the pathophysiology of CRS. Recent findings In examining the associations between allergic rhinitis and CRS, most studies have focused primarily on CRS with nasal polyps and type 2 inflammation in CRS. Recent studies have demonstrated the similarities and differences in pathologic mechanisms behind allergic rhinitis and CRS, with an emphasis on patient endotypes, genetics, and the nasoepithelial immunologic barrier. Related immunopathology shared by allergic rhinitis and type 2 inflammation in CRS has allowed for therapeutic overlap with biologic treatments. Summary Allergic rhinitis and CRS often present as comorbid conditions, and understanding the relationship between allergic rhinitis and CRS is important when considering treatment options. Advances in understanding the genetics and immunology, as well as biologic and immunotherapeutic treatments have improved outcomes in patients with CRS, especially in the setting of atopy. View on Web

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