Is smallpox vaccination protective against Human Monkeypox?

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Is smallpox vaccination protective against Human Monkeypox? via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract text Human Monkeypox (HMPX) has been spreading to non-endemic countries rapidly during spring-summer 2022 through human-to-human transmission, involving thousands of people, mostly men-who-have-sex-with-men. Little is known about the degree of protection due to previous smallpox vaccination. The cases described in our series show a mild clinical presentation of HMPX in those previously vaccinated. Our data are encouraging, and further investigations may lead to a fast public health prevention strategy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Enhancement of nerve regeneration with nimodipine treatment after sciatic nerve injury

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Enhancement of nerve regeneration with nimodipine treatment after sciatic nerve injury via Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology Abstract Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI/s) are common orthopedic conditions, characterized by motor and sensory deficits in the damaged region. There is growing evidence that the L-type calcium channel antagonist nimodipine has neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects in animal models of neurological disorders. The efficacy of nimodipine on improving motor function and sensation following a sciatic nerve crush model was investigated in male Wistar rats as a model of PNI. At different time periods following damage, we evaluated motor function, sensory recovery, electrophysiology, histomorphometry, and gene expression. Moreover, we used histological and mass ratio analysis of the gastrocnemius muscle to assess atrophy. Our findings suggest that the nimodipine improves motor and sensory function more quickly in the damaged region 2-, 4-, and 6-weeks after one week of treatment. Nimodipine treatment also increased the number of myelinated fibers while decreasing their thickness, as shown by histomorphometry. Additionally, nimodipine treatment increases the mRNA levels of neurotrophic factors (BDNF and NGF), which are known to contribute to the regeneration of injured neurons. The impact of nimodipine in PNI recovery may be due to its stimulation of the CREB signaling pathway and suppression of pro-inflammatory factor production. View on Web

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Is lithium neuroprotective? An updated mechanistic illustrated review

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Is lithium neuroprotective? An updated mechanistic illustrated review via Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology Abstract Background Neurodegeneration is a pathological process characterized by progressive neuronal impairment, dysfunction, and loss due to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Many studies have shown that lithium protects against neurodegeneration. Herein, we summarize recent clinical and laboratory studies on the neuroprotective effects of lithium against neurodegeneration and its potential to modulate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent findings indicate that lithium regulates critical intracellular pathways such as phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3β) and PI3/Akt/response element-binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Methods We queried PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Elsevier, and other related databases using search terms related to lithium and its neuroprotective effect in various neurodegenerative diseases and events from January 2000 to May 2022. We reviewed the major findings and mechanisms proposed for the effects of lithium. Results: Lithium's neuroprotective potential against neural cell degeneration is mediated by inducing anti-inflammatory factors, antioxidant enzymes, and free radical scavengers to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction. Lithium effects are regulated by two essential pathways: PI3/Akt/GSK3β and PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF. Conclusion Lithium acts as a neuroprotective agent against neurodegeneration by preventing inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction using PI3/Akt/GSK3β and PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways. View on Web

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Effects of root canal enlargement on unprepared areas and coronal dentine thickness of three‐rooted maxillary first premolars with different root configurations: a stepwise micro‐CT study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Effects of root canal enlargement on unprepared areas and coronal dentine thickness of three‐rooted maxillary first premolars with different root configurations: a stepwise micro‐CT study via International Endodontic Journal Abstract Aim To evaluate the effects of progressive root canal enlargements on the unprepared surface area and remaining dentine thickness of three-rooted maxillary first premolars with different root configurations. Methodology Thirty three-rooted maxillary first premolars with 3 root configurations (n=10) were selected and scanned in a micro-CT device. The root canals were sequentially enlarged with rotary instruments sizes 30.02 (step 1), 30.04 (step 2), and 30.06 (step 3). After each step, a new scan was taken. Analysed parameters included morphometric measurements (length, volume and surface area), number of static voxels, and minimal dentine thickness. Statistic analyses were performed with one-way ANOVA post hoc Tukey tests and paired sample t-test at a significance level of 5%. Results No statistical differences were observed among groups regarding the morphometric parameters and static voxels (p > 0.05). The minimal dentine thickness of the distobuccal root significantly changed depending on the root configuration (p < 0.05), while no differences were observed in the other roots (p > 0.05). A great variation in the position of the minimal dentine thickness was observed after preparation. Overall, mean percentage reduction of dentine thickness was higher in the buccal roots than in the palatal root (p < 0.05). In the mesiobuccal and distobuccal root, the number of slices with minimal dentine thickness lower than 0.05 mm increases 2 to 3 times and 3 to 4 times, respectively, from steps 1 to 3. Conclusions Instruments sizes 30.02 and 30.04 can be safely and effectively used to enlarge the buccal and palatal canals of three-rooted maxillary first premolars. View on Web

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Serum vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Serum vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors in the UK population via Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Abstract Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations have been associated with greater adiposity and an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile, yet findings are inconsistent and the role of vitamin D status in cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the associations between serum 25(OH)D and CVD risk factors in the British population. We analysed data on 2842 subjects aged ≥40 years enrolled in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS 2008–2018). Based on serum 25(OH)D concentrations, study subjects were grouped in three categories: vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/L), vitamin D insufficiency (25-49 nmol/L) and vitamin D sufficiency status (≥50 nmol/mL). Differences in CVD risk factors between vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency and vitamin D sufficiency status were expressed in standard deviation scores (SDSs) and estimated through weighted multiple linear regression models. We found that vitamin D deficiency was directly associated with B MI, waist circumference, triglycerides and inversely associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) values. The strongest associations were found between vitamin D deficiency and triglycerides (0.50 SDS, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.77) among men, and vitamin D deficiency and waist circumference (0.70 SDS, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.94), BMI (0.63 SDS, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.88) and triglycerides (0.54 SDS, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.77) among women. When adjusting for BMI the association with triglyceride attenuated (from 0.50 SDS to 0.39 SDS among men and from 0.54 SDS to 0.30 SDS among women). Our data indicates a relationship between inadequate vitamin D status and an adverse CVD risk profile. However, interventional studies are needed to establish possible benefits of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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The Duration and Magnitude of Postdischarge Venous Thromboembolism Following Colectomy

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The Duration and Magnitude of Postdischarge Venous Thromboembolism Following Colectomy via Annals of Surgery - Most Popular Articles Objective: To assess the impact of current guidelines by reporting weekly postoperative postdischarge venous thromboembolism (VTE) rates. Summary Background Data: Disparity exists between the postoperative thromboprophylaxis duration colectomy patients receive based on surgical indication, where malignant resections routinely receive 28 days extended thromboprophylaxis into the postdischarge period and benign resections do not. Methods: English national cohort study of colectomy patients between 2010 and 2019 using linked primary (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) and secondary (Hospital Episode Statistics) care data. Stratified by admission type and surgical indication, absolute incidence rates (IRs) per 1000 person-years and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) for postdischarge VTE were calculated for the first 4 weeks following resection and postdischarge VTE IRs for each postoperative week to 12 weeks postoperative. Results: Of 104,744 patients, 663 (0.63%) developed postdischarge VTE within 12 weeks after colectomy. Postdischarge VTE IRs per 1000 person-years for the first 4 weeks postoperative were low following elective resections [benign: 20.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 13.73–31.08; malignant: 28.95, 95% CI: 23.09–36.31] and higher following emergency resections (benign: 47.31, 95% CI: 34.43–65.02; malignant: 107.18, 95% CI: 78.62–146.12). Compared with elective malignant resections, there was no difference in postdischarge VTE risk within 4 weeks following elective benign colectomy (aIRR=0.92, 95% CI: 0.56–1.50). However, postdischarge VTE risks within 4 weeks following emergency resections were significantly greater for benign (aIRR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.22–2.94) and malignant (aIRR=3.13, 95% CI: 2.06–4.76) indications compared with elective malignant colectomy. Conclusions: Postdischarge VTE risk within 4 weeks of colectomy is ∼2-fold greater following emergency benign compared with elective malignant resections, suggesting emergency benign colectomy patients may benefit from extended VTE prophylaxis. View on Web

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