Τετάρτη 25 Μαΐου 2022

Generation of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants on B.1.1.7 lineage in three patients with advanced HIV disease

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Abstract
The emergence of new SARS-COV-2 variants is of public health concern in case of vaccine escape. Described are three patients with advanced HIV-1 and chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection in whom there is evidence of selection and persistence of novel mutations which are associated with increased transmissibility and immune escape.
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Clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of superficial parotidectomy versus extracapsular dissection of the parotid gland: a single-centre retrospective study of 161 patients

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Improvements in preoperative diagnostics and intraoperative techniques have made the surgical excision of benign parotid gland tumours less invasive. Extracapsular dissection (ECD) has become more popular in comparison to superficial parotidectomy (SP), the gold standard. Although clinical outcomes have been reported, reports on cost-effectiveness are limited. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the surgical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of ECD versus SP in benign parotid tumour surgery. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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YAP is critical to inflammation, endothelial-mesenchymal transition and subretinal fibrosis in experimental choroidal neovascularization

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Publication date: Available online 24 May 2022

Source: Experimental Cell Research

Author(s): Xi Yang, Rong Zou, Xiaochan Dai, Xinyuan Wu, Fei Yuan, Yifan Feng

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CSMD1 suppresses cancer progression by inhibiting proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, chemotherapy-resistance and inducing immunosuppression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

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Publication date: Available online 25 May 2022

Source: Experimental Cell Research

Author(s): Xing Wang, Xinwei Chen, Yuanyuan Liu, Shan Huang, Jian Ding, Baoxin Wang, Pin Dong, Zhenfeng Sun, Lixiao Chen

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Efficacy and safety of Elian Granules in treating chronic atrophic gastritis:

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Multifocal atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia are considered to be important links in the gastric precancerous cascade. However, there are no specific drugs for these conditions. Although many studie...
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Association of breakfast consumption frequency with fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity/b cells function (HOMA-IR) in adults from high-risk families for type 2 diabetes in Europe: the Feel4Diabetes Study

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European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Published online: 25 May 2022; doi:10.1038/s41430-022-01160-z

Association of breakfast consumption frequency with fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity/b cells function (HOMA-IR) in adults from high-risk families for type 2 diabetes in Europe: the Feel4Diabetes Study
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Serum uric acid is not associated with major depressive disorder

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European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Published online: 25 May 2022; doi:10.1038/s41430-022-01165-8

Serum uric acid is not associated with major depressive disorder in European and South American populations: a meta-analysis and two-sample bidirectional Mendelian Randomization study
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A comprehensive profiling of the immune microenvironment of breast cancer brain metastases

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Abstract
Background
Despite potential clinical implications, the complexity of breast cancer (BC) brain metastases (BM) immune microenvironment is poorly understood. Through multiplex immunofluorescence, we here describe the main features of BCBM immune microenvironment (density and spatial distribution) and evaluate its prognostic impact.
Methods
60 BCBM from patients undergoing neurosurgery at three institutions (2003-2018) was comprehensively assessed using two multiplex immunofluorescence panels (CD4, CD8, Granzyme B, FoxP3, CD68, pan-cytokeratin, DAPI; CD3, PD-1, PD-L1, LAG-3, TIM-3, CD163, pan-cytokeratin, DAPI). The prognostic impact of immune subpopulations and cell-to-cell spatial interactions was evaluated.
Results
Subtype-related differences in BCBM immune microenvironment and its prognostic impact were observed. While in HR-/HER2- BM and HER2+ BM, higher densities of intra-tumoral CD8+ lymphocytes were associated wi th significantly longer OS (HR 0.16 and 0.20, respectively), in HR+/HER2- BCBMs a higher CD4+FoxP3+/CD8+ cell ratio in the stroma was associated with worse OS (HR 5.4). Moreover, a higher density of intra-tumoral CD163+ M2-polarized microglia/macrophages in BCBMs was significantly associated with worse OS in HR-/HER2- and HR+/HER2- BCBMs (HR 6.56 and 4.68, respectively), but not in HER2+ BCBMs. In HER2+ BCBMs, multiplex immunofluorescence highlighted a negative prognostic role of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction: patients with a higher percentage of PD-L1+ cells spatially interacting with (within a 20 µm radius) PD-1+ cells presented a significantly worse OS (HR 4.60).
Conclusions
Our results highlight subtype-related differences in BCBM immune microenvironment and identify two potential therapeutic targets, M2 microglia/macrophage polarization in HER2- and PD-1/PD-L1 interaction in HER2+ BCBMs, which warrant future exploration in clinical trials.
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Olutasidenib (FT-2102) in patients with relapsed or refractory IDH1-mutant glioma: a multicenter, open-label, phase 1b/2 trial

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Abstract
Background
Olutasidenib (FT2102) is a highly potent, orally bioavailable, brain-penetrant and selective inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). The aim of the study was to determine the safety and clinical activity of olutasidenib in patients with relapsed/refractory gliomas harboring an IDH1  R132X mutation.
Methods
This was an open-label, multicenter, non-randomized, phase 1b/2 clinical trial. Eligible patients (≥18 years) had histologically confirmed IDH1  R132Xmutated glioma that relapsed or progressed on or following standard therapy and had measurable disease. Patients received olutasidenib, 150 mg orally twice daily (BID) in continuous 28-day cycles. The primary endpoints were dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) (cycle 1) and safety in phase 1 and objective response rate using the Modified Res ponse Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria in phase 2.
Results
Twenty-six patients were enrolled and followed for a median 15.1 months (7.3‒19.4). No DLTs were observed in the single-agent glioma cohort and the pharmacokinetic relationship supported olutasidenib 150 mg BID as the recommended phase 2 dose. In the response-evaluable population, disease control rate (objective response plus stable disease) was 48%. Two (8%) patients demonstrated a best response of partial response and eight (32%) had stable disease for at least 4 months. Grade 3‒4 adverse events (≥10%) included alanine aminotransferase increased and aspartate aminotransferase increased (three [12%], each).
Conclusions
Olutasidenib 150 mg BID was well tolerated in patients with relapsed/refractory gliomas harboring an IDH1  R132X mutation and demonstrated preliminary evidence of clinical activity in this heavily pretreated populat ion.
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