HGG-23. The presence ofROS1 fusions are not limited only to infantile hemispheric glioma.

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader HGG-23. The presence ofROS1 fusions are not limited only to infantile hemispheric glioma. via Neuro-Oncology Current Issue Abstract INTRODUCTION: Diffuse pediatric-type high-grade gliomas are diffuse gliomas with histological features of malignancy, typically occurring in children, and infants. For these tumors, precise classification, identification of prognostic and predictive factors requires molecular analysis. The ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in chromosomal rearrangements in numerous malignancies, and may be an attractive therapeutic target, since specific inhibitors have been approved for several neoplasms. Molecular evaluation including detection of ROS1 fusions in pediatric gliomas are not included in standard diagnostic tests so far, therefore data on its significance is still limited. We present two cases of pediatric ROS1 fusion-positive brain tumors. METHODS AND RESULTS: The patient no.1 was 1 year old boy with disseminated brain lesions. Histopathological examination displayed the presence of a neoplasm, which was composed of round and spindle-shaped cells with palisading necrosis, mitotic activity, and microvascular proliferation. The patient no.2 is 9 years old girl with tumor located in left frontal lobe. Microscopically, the neoplasm revealed the presence of oligodenroglial-like component with microvascular proliferation, and high mitotic activity. Targeted gene sequencing panel - Ampliseq Childhood Cancer Panel for Illumina was used to detect diagnostic and targetable gene fusions. In both of patients ROS1:GOPC gene fusions were detect. Identified fusions allowed to established diagnosis - infant-type hemispheric glioma with ROS1 fusion (patient no 1) and - diffuse pediatric-type high grade glioma with ROS1 fusion (patient no 2). CONCLUSIONS: Ou r results indicate, that the presence of ROS1 fusions are not limited to the infant-type hemispheric gliomas only and may play a role in other glioma entities. It may be worth to include this biomarker in the diagnostic panel of pediatric brain tumors to establish a more precise diagnosis and a potential therapeutic target. Funded by National Science Centre, Poland (2016/23/B/NZ2/03064). View on Web

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DIPG-40. Combined pharmacological and genetic screening to identify dependencies and combinations in ACVR1-mutant diffuse midline glioma

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader DIPG-40. Combined pharmacological and genetic screening to identify dependencies and combinations in ACVR1-mutant diffuse midline glioma via Neuro-Oncology Current Issue Abstract Somatic mutations in ACVR1, which encodes the serine/threonine kinase ALK2, are found in 20-25% of DMG-H3K27 patients. Treatment of ACVR1-mutant patient-derived models with multiple chemotypes of ALK2 inhibitors (ALK2i) results in reduced cell viability in vitro and extended survival in orthotopic xenografts in vivo but, as single agents, these inhibitors were unable to achieve a complete anti-tumour response. Recently we reported that combinatorial treatment of ACVR1-mutant DIPG cells with vandetanib (RTK inhibitor) and everolimus (mTOR/ABC transporter inhibitor) was synergistic both in vitro and in vivo and was shown to be a feasible combination to trial clinically in this setting. To identify specific dependencies in ACVR1-mutant cells which may be translatable with novel synergistic drug combinations alongside ALK2i, we have implemented both candidate and unbiased drug and genetic screening approaches. Using a panel of patient-derived ACVR1-m utant and wild-type models, we identified synergy between multiple chemotypes of ALK2i (M4K2009/LDN-214117) and PI3K/mTOR (AZD8055/everolimus) and MEK inhibitors (trametinib), reflecting the common co-segregation of PIK3CA/PIK3R1 alterations in these tumours. Whole-genome CRISPR/Cas9 screening of ACVR1-mutant SU-DIPG-IV cells in combination with two ALK2i (M4K2009/LDN-193189), confirmed a specific MTOR genetic dependency, as well as for the protein phosphatase regulatory subunit PPP2R1A, known to play a role in MAPK pathway activation. Additional hits include the serine/threonine kinase PKMYT1, a negative regulator of the G2/M checkpoint via a functionally redundant phosphorylation of CDK1/CCNB1 alongside WEE1; confirmatory drug assays with the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 resulted in a synergistic interaction with ALK2i in ACVR1-mutant cells. Hits were integrated with DepMap using 'gene-effect' scores (Chronos) enabling filtering of common essential genes. Preliminary pathway enrichm ent analysis (MAGeCKFlute) identified ALK2i-specific vulnerabilities involving TGFB1/SMAD signalling and histone deacetylation. These data highlight functionally rational and novel combinatorial possibilities for children with ACVR1-mutant DMG, with systematic preclinical assessment required for prioritisation for the clinic. View on Web

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PragmaTic, prospEctive, randomized, controlled, double-blind, mulTi-centre, multinational study on the safety and efficacy of a 6% HydroxYethyl Starch (HES) solution versus an electrolyte solution in trauma patients: study protocol for the TETHYS study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader PragmaTic, prospEctive, randomized, controlled, double-blind, mulTi-centre, multinational study on the safety and efficacy of a 6% HydroxYethyl Starch (HES) solution versus an electrolyte solution in trauma patients: study protocol for the TETHYS study via Trials - Latest Articles Trauma may be associated with significant to life-threatening blood loss, which in turn may increase the risk of complications and death, particularly in the absence of adequate treatment. Hydroxyethyl starch ... View on Web

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Management of Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Associated Plexiform Neurofibromas

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Management of Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Associated Plexiform Neurofibromas via Neuro-Oncology Advance Access Abstract Plexiform Neurofibromas (PN) are a common manifestation of the genetic disorder neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). These benign nerve sheath tumors often cause significant morbidity, with treatment options limited historically to surgery. There have been tremendous advances over the past two decades in our understanding of PN, and the recent regulatory approvals of the MEK inhibitor selumetinib are reshaping the landscape for PN management. At present, there is no agreed upon PN definition, diagnostic evaluation, surveillance strategy, or clear indications for when to initiate treatment and selection of treatment modality. In this review, we address these questions via consensus recommendations from a panel of multi-disciplinary NF1 experts. View on Web

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Reliable fluorescence technique to detect the antibiotic colistin, a possible environmental threat due to its overuse

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Reliable fluorescence technique to detect the antibiotic colistin, a possible environmental threat due to its overuse via Earth and environmental sciences : nature.com subject feeds View on Web

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The clinical and bioinformatics analysis for the role of anti‐hypertension drugs on mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID‐19

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The clinical and bioinformatics analysis for the role of anti‐hypertension drugs on mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID‐19 via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Comorbidities such as hypertension could exacerbate symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Patients with hypertension may receive both anti-COVID-19 and anti-hypertension therapies when infected with COVID-19. However, it is not clear how different classes of anti-hypertension drugs impact the outcome of COVID-19 treatment. Herein, we explore the association between the inpatient use of different classes of anti-hypertension drugs and mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19. We totally collected data from 278 patients with hypertension diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to hospitals in Wuhan from February 01 to April 01, 2020. A retrospective study was conducted and single cell RNA-Seq analysis of treatment-related genes was performed. The results showed that angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) and calcium channel blockers (CCB) drugs significantly increased the survival rate but the use of ACEI/beta-block/diuretic drugs did not affec t the mortality caused by COVID-19. Based on the analysis of four public datasets of single-cell RNA-seq on COVID-19 patients, we concluded that JUN, LST1 genes may play a role in the effect of ARB on COVID-19 related mortality while CALM1 gene may contribute to the effect of CCB on COVID-19 related mortality. Our results provide guidance on the selection of anti-hypertension drugs for hypertensive patients infected with COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Clinical efficacy and in vitro neutralization capacity of monoclonal antibodies for SARS‐CoV‐2 delta and omicron variants

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Clinical efficacy and in vitro neutralization capacity of monoclonal antibodies for SARS‐CoV‐2 delta and omicron variants via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract We aimed to provide in vitro data on the neutralization capacity of different monoclonal antibody (mAb) preparations against the SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron variant, respectively, and describe the in vivo RNA kinetics of COVID-19 patients treated with the respective mAbs. Virus neutralization assays were performed to assess the neutralizing effect of the mAb formulations casirivimab/imdevimab and sotrovimab on the SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron variant. Additionally, respiratory tract SARS-CoV-2 RNA kinetics are provided for 25 COVID-19 patients infected with either delta variant (n=18) or omicron variant (n=7) treated with the respective mAb formulations during their hospital stay. In the virus neutralization assay, sotrovimab exhibits neutralizing capacity at therapeutically achievable concentrations against the SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron variant. In contrast, casivirimab/imdevimab had neutralizing capacity against the delta variant but fail ed neutralization against the omicron variant except for a very high concentration above the currently recommended therapeutic dosage. In patients with delta variant infections treated with casivirimab/imdevimab, we observed a rapid decrease of respiratory viral RNA at day three after mAb therapy. In contrast, no such prompt decline was observed in patients with delta variant or omicron variant infections receiving sotrovimab. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Successful isavuconazole salvage therapy for cerebral mucormycosis in a child with relapsed leukemia: A light in the dark tunnel

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Successful isavuconazole salvage therapy for cerebral mucormycosis in a child with relapsed leukemia: A light in the dark tunnel via Pediatric Blood & Cancer View on Web

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Polyamine synthesis enzyme AMD1 is closely related to the tumorigenesis and prognosis of human breast cancer

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Polyamine synthesis enzyme AMD1 is closely related to the tumorigenesis and prognosis of human breast cancer via ScienceDirect Publication: Experimental Cell Research Publication date: Available online 4 June 2022 Source: Experimental Cell Research Author(s): Hongyu Gao, Hanjun Li, Jingjie Wang, Cheng Xu, Yueyun Zhu, Dilihumaer Tuluhong, Xinfang Li, Shaohua Wang, Jieshou Li View on Web

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Physical, mechanical and anti‐biofilm formation properties of CAD‐CAM milled or 3D printed denture base resins: In Vitro analysis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Physical, mechanical and anti‐biofilm formation properties of CAD‐CAM milled or 3D printed denture base resins: In Vitro analysis via Journal of Prosthodontics Abstract Purpose To investigate surface characteristics (roughness and contact angle), anti-biofilm formation, and mechanical properties (mini-flexural strength) of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) PMMA polymer, and three-dimensional (3D) printed resin for denture base fabrication compared with conventional heat polymerized denture base resins. Materials and Methods A total of 60 discs and 40 rectangular specimens were fabricated from one CAD-CAM (AvaDent), one 3D printed (Cosmos Denture), and two conventional heat polymerized (Lucitone 199 and VipiWave) materials for denture base fabrication. Roughness was determined by Ra value; the contact angle was measured by the sessile drop method; the biofilm formation inhibition behavior was analyzed through C. albicans adhesion, while mini-flexural strength test was done using a three-point bending test. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (α = 0.05). Results The CAD-CAM PMMA group showed the lowest C. albicans adhesion (log CFU/mL: 3.74 ±0.57) and highest mini-flexural strength mean (114.96 ±16.23 MPa). 3D printed specimens presented the highest surface roughness (Ra: 0.317 ±0.151 μm) and lowest mini-flexural strength values (57.23 ±9.07 MPa). However, there was no statistical difference between CAD-CAM PMMA and conventional groups for roughness, contact angle, and mini-flexural strength. Conclusions CAD-CAM milled materials present surface and mechanical properties similar to conventional resins and show improved behavior preventing C. albicans adhesion. Nevertheless, 3D printed resins present decreased mini-flexural strength. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved View on Web

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