Preparation of docetaxel-loaded, glycyrrhetinic acid-modified nanoparticles and their liver-targeting and antitumor activity

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Preparation of docetaxel-loaded, glycyrrhetinic acid-modified nanoparticles and their liver-targeting and antitumor activity Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Oct;22(4):1144. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10578. Epub 2021 Aug 9. ABSTRACT Liver cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and poses a serious threat to human health. The most important treatment method, liver cancer chemotherapy, is limited due to its high toxicity and poor specificity. Targeted drug delivery systems have emerged as novel therapeutic strategies that deliver precise, substantial drug doses to target sites via targeting vectors and enhance the therapeutic efficacy. In the present study, glycyrrhetinic acid-modified hyaluronic acid (GA-HA) was used as a carrier for the model drug docetaxel (DTX) to prepare DTX-loaded GA-HA nanoparticles (DTX/GA-HA-NPs). The results indicated that the DTX/GA-HA-NPs exhibited high monodispersity (particle dispersity index, 0.209±0.116) and desirable particle size (208.73±5.0 nm) and zeta potential (-27.83±3.14 mV). The drug loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of the NPs were 12.59±0.68 and 85.38±4.62%, respectively. Furthermore, it was determined that FITC-GA-HA was taken up by cells and distributed in the cytoplasm. DTX and DTX/GA-HA (just the DTX delivered by the nanoparticle) aggregated and altered the structure of cellular microtubules. Compared with DTX alone, DTX/GA-HA-NPs had a stronger inhibitory effect on HepG2 cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HepG2 cells. All experimental results indicated that DTX/GA-HA-NPs were successfully prepared and had liver-targeting and antitumor activities in vitro, which provided a foundation for future in vivo studies of the antitumor effects of DTX/GA-HA-NPs. PMID:34471430 | PMC:PMC8404033 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10578 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Cribriform CSF Leak: Endoscopic Surgical Repair Using Free Septal Mucosal Graft Without Postoperative Nasal Packs

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Cribriform CSF Leak: Endoscopic Surgical Repair Using Free Septal Mucosal Graft Without Postoperative Nasal Packs Via leak of cerebrospinal fluid Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021 Sep;73(3):290-295. doi: 10.1007/s12070-020-02107-1. Epub 2020 Sep 5. ABSTRACT Cribriform plate is the commonest site of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, its fragility and juxtaposition of arachnoid's investment to the bone, where the olfactory nerve pierces the skull, is a vulnerable site for CSF leak. Endoscopic transnasal approach has been the main stay for CSF leak repair over the past 2 decades. The technique and surgical steps of Endoscopic Surgical Repair of Cribriform CSF Leak using Free Septal Mucosal Graft without Postoperative Nasal packs are presented. Transnasal endoscopic CSF leak repair under General anesthesia with free mucosal graft, the critical steps include visualize the site of leak, lateralisation of middle turbinate, defect site cauterised with bipolar cautery. Free mucosal from contralateral side of the septum was placed as overlay technique. Graft stabilised with surgicel after ensuring adequate contact between the graft and the defect site. If the defect site is large then fat harvested from thigh is used as bath plug the defect, then free mucosal graft is kept supported by surgicel. Finally the middle turbinate was medialized and sutured with 3 0' Vicryl with nasal septum to support the graft and also to stabilize the middle turbinate as a quilting stich. No fibrin glue was used in our case series. No nasal packing was done. Patients discharged on 2nd or 3rd postoperative day. This technique provides consistent good results reduced operating time of 40 min, no post-operative morbidity, early mobilisation, with 100% success rate and with added advantage of no nasal packing, patient can easily breathing through the nose postoperatively & no recurrence on long follow up. PMID:34471616 | PMC:PMC8364608 | DOI:10.1007/s12070-020-02107-1 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Management of a giant cervical lipoma: case report and literature review

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Management of a giant cervical lipoma: case report and literature review Via oto-rhino-laryngologie Pan Afr Med J. 2021 Jun 3;39:100. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.100.12727. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT Lipoma is the most common of soft tissue tumours. It rarely occurs in the head and neck. Patients with fast-growing large sized lesion (> 10cm) should be suspected to have a cancer. We here report the case of a patient presenting with unusual cervical lipoma (size: approximately 46cm), diagnosed based on imaging tests, including computed tomography (CT) scan. Patient´s management was based on surgery. PMID:34466202 | PMC:PMC8379405 | DOI:10.11604/pamj.2021.39.100.12727 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Favorable Early Outcomes With Thyroid Lobectomy for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancer: The Mayo Clinic Experience

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Favorable Early Outcomes With Thyroid Lobectomy for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancer: The Mayo Clinic Experience Via radioactive iodine Am Surg. 2021 Sep 1:31348211038557. doi: 10.1177/00031348211038557. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Until 2015, standard of care for low-risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) >1 cm was a total or near-total thyroidectomy. Despite changes in guidelines and surgical management of low-risk PTC since 2015, little data are available regarding the effect on the need for additional surgery or risk for development of lymph node metastases. Our aim was to determine outcomes in patients who underwent initial thyroid lobectomy for low-risk PTC at a high-volume tertiary care institution. METHODS: Retrospective review of patients ≥18 years old with biopsy proven low-risk PTC 1-4 cm who underwent partial thyroidectomy (eg, lobectomy/isthmusectomy) at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, between March 2016 and June 30, 2019. RESULTS: From 1481 thyroidectomies performed during study period, 940 contained PTC on final pathology. Of these, 87 (of 123) patients who had an initial thyroid lobectomy met inclusion criteria. Five (6%) of these patients proceeded to completion thyroidectomy (CT), with 3 requiring CT and radioactive iodine in the first postoperative year and 2 undergoing only CT in the second postoperative year. No postoperative complications were reported. No patient in this cohort required additional surgery or treatment for newly discovered lymph node metastases during the follow-up period. 43 (of 72, 60%) patients not on thyroxine therapy preope ratively were started on thyroxine therapy postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Early outcomes for those undergoing thyroid lobectomy for low-risk PTC at our institution have been favorable. These results support the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines to offer lobectomy for those with low-risk PTC 1-4 cm. PMID:34468234 | DOI:10.1177/00031348211038557 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Macroscopic and microscopic changes of the vestibulocochlear nerve after Gamma Knife treatment

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Macroscopic and microscopic changes of the vestibulocochlear nerve after Gamma Knife treatment Via hno HNO. 2021 Sep 1. doi: 10.1007/s00106-021-01104-2. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT We report on a case in which macroscopic and microscopic changes of the vestibulocochlear nerve could be observed after radiosurgery of an intrameatal vestibular schwannoma. This case shows for the first time a morphological correlate for undesirable effects after radiosurgical treatment of a vestibular schwannoma and indicates that despite a certain distance to the actual tumor, degenerative c hanges in neural structures can be expected. PMID:34468776 | DOI:10.1007/s00106-021-01104-2 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Informational Masking Effects of Speech Versus Nonspeech Noise on Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Informational Masking Effects of Speech Versus Nonspeech Noise on Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials Via cortical auditory J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021 Aug 31:1-16. doi: 10.1044/2021_JSLHR-21-00048. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Purpose Background noise has been categorized as energetic masking due to spectrotemporal overlap of the target and masker on the auditory periphery or informational masking due to cognitive-level interference from relevant content such as speech. The effects of masking on cortical and sensory auditory processing can be objectively studied with the cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP). However, whether effects on neural response morphology are due to energetic spectrotemporal differences or informational content is not fully understood. The current multi-experiment series was designed to assess the effects of speech versus nonspeech maskers on the neural encoding of speech information in the central auditory system, specifically in terms of the effects of speech babble noise maskers varying by talker number. Method CAEPs were recor ded from normal-hearing young adults in response to speech syllables in the presence of energetic maskers (white or speech-shaped noise) and varying amounts of informational maskers (speech babble maskers). The primary manipulation of informational masking was the number of talkers in speech babble, and results on CAEPs were compared to those of nonspeech maskers with different temporal and spectral characteristics. Results Even when nonspeech noise maskers were spectrally shaped and temporally modulated to speech babble maskers, notable changes in the typical morphology of the CAEP in response to speech stimuli were identified in the presence of primarily energetic maskers and speech babble maskers with varying numbers of talkers. Conclusions While differences in CAEP outcomes did not reach significance by number of talkers, neural components were significantly affected by speech babble maskers compared to nonspeech maskers. These results suggest an informational masking influence on neural encoding of speech information at the sensory cortical level of auditory processing, even without active participation on the part of the listener. PMID:34464537 | DOI:10.1044/2021_JSLHR-21-00048 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Awake Rhinology Surgery in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Europe

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Awake Rhinology Surgery in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Europe Via O.R.L. Journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its borderlands Background: European health-care systems are faced with a backlog of surgical procedures following the suspension of routine surgery during the COVID-19 crisis. Routine rhinology surgery under general anaesthetic (GA) is now faced with significant challenges which include limited theatre capacity, the negative ramifications of surgical prioritization, reduced patient throughput in secondary care, and additional personal protective equipment requirements. Delayed surgery in rhinology, particularly with regards to chronic rhinosinusitis, has previou sly been shown to have poorer surgical outcomes, a detrimental effect on quality of life and long-term negative health socio-economic effects. Awake rhinology surgery under local anaesthetic (LA) provides an ideal alternative to GA. It provides a means of operating on patients in a setting alternative to currently oversubscribed main theatres, by utilizing satellite facilities, while ensuring identical surgical outcomes for patients who may otherwise have been forced to wait a long time for their procedure. It also confers additional benefits in terms of shorter recovery time and hospital stay for patients. Objectives: We have developed a set of recommendations that are intended to help support clinicians and managers to better adopt LA rhinology protocols and minimize the risk to the patient and health-care professionals involved. Methodology: International roundtable forums were conducted and supplemented by individual interviews. The international boar d consisted of 12 rhinologists experienced in awake rhinology surgery. Feedback was analysed and shared to develop a consensus of best practice. Recommendations: Local and national guidelines need to be adhered to with specific focus on patient and clinician safety. When performing awake rhinology procedures in the COVID-19 recovery process, consider implementing specific safety measures and workflow practices to safeguard patients and staff and minimize the risk of infection. Conclusion: Awake surgery potentially provides quicker access to routine rhinology surgery in the post-COVID-19 recovery phase, ensuring patients are treated in a timely matter, thereby avoiding higher downstream costs, and improving outcomes. ORL View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.