Effects of acrylonitrile on apoptosis of rat cerebral nerve cells

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Effects of acrylonitrile on apoptosis of rat cerebral nerve cells Via International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2021 Aug 15;14(8):908-914. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT The brain, especially the hippocampus, is sensitive to damage caused by anoxic chemicals. In this study, we established a rat model of acrylonitrile poisoning with administration by gavage, aiming to determine the influence of acrylonitrile on rat cerebral nerve cells. Transmission electron microscopy observation and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining were used to explore preliminarily the apoptotic changes of cerebral nerve cells. The pathogenesis revealed by transmission electron microscopy indicated that apoptosis in the control group was more serious than that of the exposure groups. The results of TUNEL staining showed the apoptotic rate was significantly higher in the control group than that of other exposure groups. All the results indicated that acrylonitrile can inhibit the apoptosis of rat cerebral nerve cells, which is closely rel ated to its animal carcinogenicity. PMID:34527134 | PMC:PMC8414433 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma. An indolent but aggressive tumour. Part B: treatment and prognosis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Adenoid cystic carcinoma. An indolent but aggressive tumour. Part B: treatment and prognosis Via Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2021 Aug;41(4):296-307. doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-N1729. NO ABSTRACT PMID:34533533 | DOI:10.14639/0392-100X-N1729 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

How to predict the outcome of septorhinoplasty? A normative study of ROE and FROI-17 scores

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader How to predict the outcome of septorhinoplasty? A normative study of ROE and FROI-17 scores Via Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2021 Aug;41(4):327-335. doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-N1291. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Normative values of patient-reported outcome instruments are needed to identify good candidates for rhinoplasty. Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) and Functional Rhinoplasty Outcome Inventory-17 (FROI-17) are disease-specific questionnaires that evaluate quality of life in patients undergoing rhinoplasty. METHODS: The reference cohort contained 1,000 participants, selected from a non-probability panel. Normative ROE and FROI-17 scores from this reference cohort were compared with ROE and FROI-17 scores from a patient cohort before (n = 104) and 6 (n = 55) and 12 months (n = 32) after septorhinoplasty. RESULTS: Mean FROI-17 scores (± SD) were: overall score, 20.8 ± 17; nasal symptoms, 16.8 ± 7; general symptoms, 24.8 ± 22; and self-confidence, 16.4 ± 21. The ROE total score was 73.1 ± 16. Normative values differed significantly from the preoperative ROE and FROI-17 scores of septorhinoplasty patients (p < 0.01). Except for the FROI-17 general score at 12 months postoperatively (p = 0.004), there were no significant differences between normative ROE/FROI-17 and septorhinoplasty scores postoperatively, indicating that they returned to normalcy. CONCLUSIONS: Normative scores for ROE and FROI-17 provide a reference point from which to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from rhinoplasty. PMID:34533536 | DOI:10.14639/0392-100X-N1291 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Development of a questionnaire to investigate socio-cultural differences in the perception of smell, taste and flavour

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Development of a questionnaire to investigate socio-cultural differences in the perception of smell, taste and flavour Via Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2021 Aug;41(4):336-347. doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-N0766. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: Clinical experience and daily life indicate that the importance of smell, taste and flavour is variable among individuals. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop a questionnaire to investigate the importance attributed to smell, taste and flavour and socio-cultural differences among individuals. METHODS: Cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire was executed by two professional translators and one bilingual investigator and pre-tested on a pilot group of 25 subjects with normal smell and taste abilities. The final version of the questionnaire was sent by e-mail to 850 healthy subjects. The Google form consisted of three parts: "The importance of olfaction" developed by Croy et al. in 2010, "The importance of taste and flavour" developed by our team and a section to collect demographic data. The questions were classified into "association", "application", "consequence" and "aggravation". Statistical differences were assessed using t-test with p ≤ 0.05. Correlations were calculated using Spearman's test. Internal consistency was assessed using the Cronbach's Alpha, while test-retest reliability was analysed by calculating the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC2k). RESULTS: The questionnaire received a non-response rate of 10.7%. Calculation of Cronbach's alpha showed good internal reliabi lity (a = 0.87). Test-retest evaluation was satisfactory for all subscales, with an overall ICC2k = 0.84 (CI 0.79-0.89). Statistical analysis showed that smell, taste and flavour appeared to be more important for women when compared to men (p < 0.001). No statistical differences were seen between individuals with various educational background (p > 0.05), and the importance of smell (r = 0.16; p < 0.01), taste and flavour (r = 0.08; p < 0.05) did not decline with age. CONCLUSIONS: The development of this original test provides an overview into the importance of smell, taste and flavour among individuals. Although further research is needed, it can help in the evaluation and investigation of aspects that influence people to seek medical attention in the presence of sensory alterations. PMID:34533537 | DOI:10.14639/0392-100X-N0766 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Sound frequency spectra of snore in relation to the site of obstruction among snorers

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Sound frequency spectra of snore in relation to the site of obstruction among snorers Via Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2021 Aug;41(4):348-355. doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-N1202. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the sound frequency of snoring in relation to the site of upper airway vibration among snorers. METHODS: 383 snores from 40 participants who complained of snoring were digitally recorded during natural and induced sleep using a level III polysomnography monitor with a built-in microphone. During drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE), the rea l-time site of upper airway obstruction was assessed, and the sound frequency of snoring was recorded synchronously. RESULTS: The mean peak of snoring frequency for unilevel palatal, oropharynx and epiglottis obstruction were 522.5, 482.4 and 300.0 Hz, respectively. Most participants showed multilevel obstruction at the palate and oropharynx, in which the mean for bi-peak snoring frequency were 402.90 Hz and 1086.96 Hz, respectively. Severity of OSA was significantly associated with multilevel obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant association between the snoring sound frequency and site of unilevel obstruction. Palatal or oropharyngeal obstruction produced sound at mid-frequency range, while the epiglottis produced a low frequency range. Multilevel obstruction documented a bi-peak snoring frequency. PMID:34533538 | DOI:10.14639/0392-100X-N1202 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Nasal autoinflation devices for middle ear disease in cleft palate children: are they effective?

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Nasal autoinflation devices for middle ear disease in cleft palate children: are they effective? Via Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2021 Aug;41(4):364-370. doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-N1277. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Cleft lip palate (CLP) and cleft palate (CP) patients have a higher incidence of otitis media with effusion (OME) and conductive hearing problems. This article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a 6-month course of self-administered autoinflation therapy in paediatric CP/CLP patients in terms of conductive hearing loss (CHL) and OME prevalence. METHODS: Fifty-one p atients with surgically corrected CP/CLP and diagnosis of OME received indication to 6-months autoinflation therapy with an Otovent® device. Clinical evaluation, tympanogram and pure tone audiometry were carried out at the time of prescription (T0), at the end of treatment (T1) and at 6-month follow-up (T2). Patients were divided in 2 groups based on therapeutic compliance (29 compliant children, group A, vs 22 non-compliant children, group B). RESULTS: Case series showed better audiological results and tympanometries at both time points (p < 0.001). Group A showed better outcomes at tympanograms and at each frequency, but were statistically significant only in terms of CHL at 250 and 1000 Hz frequencies at T1 (respectively 0.024 and 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Nasal autoinflation therapy accelerates improvement of OME and hearing thresholds at short-/mid-term, leading to an earlier improved hearing performance. PMID:34533540 | DOI:10.14639/0392-100X-N1277 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Socio-economic determinants of prenatal anaemia in rural communities of South-West Nigeria: a preliminary report

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Socio-economic determinants of prenatal anaemia in rural communities of South-West Nigeria: a preliminary report Via American Journal of Blood Research Am J Blood Res. 2021 Aug 15;11(4):410-416. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Anaemia is common worldwide and pregnant women are one of the most vulnerable group. Although, anaemia in the general population including pregnant women is multi-factorial in aetiology, the most frequent cause in pregnancy worldwide is iron deficiency. In Nigeria, an estimated prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women ranges from 35-75%. Anaemia in pregnancy (AIP) is associated with significant perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality including premature birth and low birth weight. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, demographic and socio-economic determinants of anaemia in pregnancy in a rural community of South-West Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred and fifty consenting pregnant women aged 18-42 years in the three trimesters were recruited from four primary health centres of Ikene Local Government of Ogun State of Nigeria after ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Unit of the Medical officer of Health of the Local Government. Pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic information and 24-hour dietary recall. Using a finger prick, the haemoglobin concentration of each respondent was determined with a haemoglobinometer (DG-300HB manufactured by DouBle, China). Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. RESULTS: All the respondents belonged to low socio-economic class. The mean haemoglobin (Hb) concentration obtained in this study was 10.22±1.60 g/dL with a range of 6-14.8 g/dL. Using WHO cut-off Hb concentration of 11 g/dL, the prevalence of anaemia in this study was 67.3%. The frequency of anaemia increased with increase in age group. P=0.010. About 21.4% of those with adequate dietary iron intake were anaemic when compared with 72.1% (98 of 136) of those with i nadequate dietary iron intake who were anaemic. AOR-0.090; 95% CI- 0.018-0.457; P=0.004. CONCLUSION: Increasing age, low socio-economic status, poor health education and low dietary iron intake were the predominant socio-economic determinants of prenatal anaemia in the population studied. Efforts must be intensified to alleviate poverty in rural areas and give health education on iron-rich foods to girls and women of children-bearing age in the rural communities. PMID:34540350 | PMC:PMC8446826 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.