Preferential looking to eyes versus mouth in early infancy: heritability and link to concurrent and later development

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Preferential looking to eyes versus mouth in early infancy: heritability and link to concurrent and later development via Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Background From birth, infants orient preferentially to faces, and when looking at the face, they attend primarily to eyes and mouth. These areas convey different types of information, and earlier research suggests that genetic factors influence the preference for one or the other in young children. Methods In a sample of 535 5-month-old infant twins, we assessed eye (relative to mouth) preference in early infancy, i.e., before neural systems for social communication and language are fully developed. We investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the preference for looking at eyes, and the association with concurrent traits and follow-up measures. Results Eye preference was independent from all other concurrent traits measured, and had a moderate-to-high contribution from genetic influences (A = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.66). Preference for eyes at 5 months was associated with higher parent ratings of receptive vocabulary at 14 months. No statistically significant association with later autistic traits was found. Preference for eyes was strikingly stable across different stimulus types (e.g., dynamic vs. still), suggesting that infants' preference at this age does not reflect sensitivity to low-level visual cues. Conclusions These results suggest that individual differences in infants' preferential looking to eyes versus mouth to a substantial degree reflect genetic variation. The findings provide new leads on both the perceptual basis and the developmental consequences of these attentional biases. View on Web

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Three‐dimensional evaluation of sleep bruxism‐related splint wear using a dental laboratory scanner: a preliminary clinical study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Three‐dimensional evaluation of sleep bruxism‐related splint wear using a dental laboratory scanner: a preliminary clinical study via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Background: The wear depth on the occlusal splint (OS) is reportedly associated with the sleep bruxism (SB) level, as evaluated using portable polysomnography (PSG) recordings. However, the OS is deformed owing to SB forces, possibly preventing the accurate quantification of the wear facets. Objectives: To introduce a newly developed system to quantify the wear facets on the OS using a dental laboratory scanner (D810) and investigate the association between the wear facets, as evaluated with this system, and the SB level. Methods: Ten healthy individuals who were diagnosed with SB based on portable PSG recordings participated in this study. They were asked to wear the OS for 2 months. The first day after a 2-week adaptation period was defined as the reference day, and sequential scanning of the OS surface was performed on days 15, 30, and 45. Changes in the OS surface from the reference day allowed dimensional evaluation of the wear facets in terms of the maximum wear depth, wear area, and wear volume. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to test whether each of these variables could be predicted by any of the SB-related variables. Results: The total duration of SB episodes per hour of sleep and the maximum muscle activity were significantly associated with the wear area, as measured with our system (adjusted R-squared was 0.78, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our system allows dimensional analysis of the wear facets on the OS surface in association with the SB level. View on Web

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Splith mouth randomized control trial comparison of T‐PRF and subepithelial connective tissue graft in the treatment of maxillar multiple gingival recessions

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Splith mouth randomized control trial comparison of T‐PRF and subepithelial connective tissue graft in the treatment of maxillar multiple gingival recessions via Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry Abstract Aim The aim of this study is to compare the treatment efficacy of the bilateral multiple gingival recession areas with a titanium-platelet-rich-fibrin (T-PRF) and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) combined with a modified coronal advanced flap (MCAF) and the clinical results. Method In the study, 118 maxillary bilateral multiple Miller I recessions were treated. Gingival index, plaque index, probing pocket depth, gingival thickness, recession height, recession width, keratinized gingival width and open root surface area were measured at baseline and at 6 months. Postoperative pain levels Visual Analog Scale, healing status, wound healing index evaluated with. The results of both groups pre and postoperative were compared. Results The initial recession height was 2.15 ± 1.0 mm in the T-PRF group; 2.04 ± 0.80 mm in the SCTG group. After 6 months, the mean root closure rate was 61.77%, 75.31% in T-PRF and SCTG group, respectively. Clinical attachment gain was achieved in both groups compared to baseline. When the results were compared, the gains achieved in the SCTG group were statistically significantly higher. İt was determined that patient satisfaction was higher in T-PRF group and wound healing was faster. Conclusion Considering the advantages of T-PRF such as providing effective results in the treatment of defects, patient satisfaction and rapid recovery; It can be applied as an alternative to SCTG. Clinical Significance T-PRF can be an alternative to SCTG in the treatment of gingival recessions. View on Web

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Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Cancer: Oncogenesis mechanisms and Clinical Implications

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Cancer: Oncogenesis mechanisms and Clinical Implications via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are viral sequences integrated into the human genome, resulting from the infection of human germ-line cells by ancient exogenous retroviruses. Despite losing their replication and retrotransposition abilities, HERVs appear to have been co-opted in human physiological functions while their aberrant expression is linked to human disease. The role of HERVs in multiple malignancies has been demonstrated, however, the extent to which HERV activation and expression participate in the development of cancer is not yet fully comprehended. In this review article, we discuss the presumed role of HERVs in carcinogenesis and their promising diagnostic and prognostic implications. Additionally, we explore recent data on the HERVs in cancer therapeutics, either through the manipulation of their expression, to induce anti-tumor innate immunity responses or as cancer immunotherapy targets. Finally, more precise and higher resolution high -throughput sequencing approaches will further elucidate HERV participation in human physiological and pathological processes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Survival outcomes for patients with T3N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottis treated with definitive radiation alone versus chemoradiation

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Survival outcomes for patients with T3N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottis treated with definitive radiation alone versus chemoradiation via Head & Neck Abstract Background Given the poor lymphatics of the glottis, we evaluated omission of chemotherapy in patients treated definitely for T3N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the glottis. Methods We performed survival analysis of patients with T3N0M0 SCC of the glottis identified in the National Cancer Database treated with radiation alone versus chemoradiation. Results A total of 3785 patients were identified. Patients age ≥70 and those with comorbidities were less likely to receive chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR] 0.30, 95% CI [0.25–0.37] and 0.48 [0.31–0.76], respectively). Five-year OS was lower in patients treated with radiation versus chemoradiation (33.8% [30.3%–37.2%] vs. 58.0% [55.8%–60.0%]). In patients <70 with no comorbidities this difference persisted (51.0% [44.5%–57.0%] versus 66.7% [64.0%–69.3%]). Conclusion Overall survival was higher in patients treated with chemoradiation compared to radiation alone, even when controlling for age and comorbidities. Radiotherapy with chemotherapy omission is not appropriate in patients with T3N0M0 SCC of the glottis. View on Web

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Pre‐treatment or post‐treatment with hydroxychloroquine demonstrate neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Pre‐treatment or post‐treatment with hydroxychloroquine demonstrate neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion via Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology Abstract Background and Objectives Stroke is a serious life-threatening medical condition and is one of the principal reasons for death and disabilities worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the neuroprotective effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and the timing of its administration in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods A global I/R model was used and HCQ was administered in either pre- or post-treatment doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. Effects of HCQ on infarct size, histological changes, oxidative stress, as well as learning and memory were evaluated. Phospho-AMPK and SQSTM1/p62 protein levels were also measured to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved. Results HCQ in both pre-(at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg) or post-treatment (at a dose of 50 mg/kg) protocols reduces brain infarct size and histopathological changes and improves learning and memory after cerebral I/R. Pre-treatment with HCQ reduced AMPK activity with no significant effect on SQSTM1/p62 increment. Post-treatment with HCQ increased AMPK activity and SQSTM1/p62 protein levels. Conclusion Our results show the neuroprotective effects of HCQ on cerebral I/R through the reduction in infarct size, histopathological changes, as well as improvement in memory and learning functions. Moreover, AMPK and autophagy may play a role in this protective effect. View on Web

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Clinical and laboratory features and factors predicting disease severity in pediatric patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by Hantaan virus

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Clinical and laboratory features and factors predicting disease severity in pediatric patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by Hantaan virus via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract The clinical features and factors associated with disease severity in children with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) have not been well characterized. This study analyzed the clinical and laboratory factors associated with disease severity in children with HFRS caused by Hantaan virus. Data in pediatric patients with HFRS were retrospectively collected from Xi'an Children's Hospital over a 9-year period. Independent factors associated with disease severity were identified. Nomogram predicting disease severity was constructed based on variables filtered by feature selection. In total, 206 children with HFRS were studied. Fever, digestive tract symptoms, headache, backache, bleeding and renal injury signs were the common symptoms. Elevated white blood cell, reduced platelet, hematuria, proteinuria, coagulation abnormalities, increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and procalcitonin (PCT), decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate and low serum Na< sup>+, Cl- and Ca2+ were the common laboratory findings. In the 206 patients, 21 patients had critical type disease and 4 patients (1.9%) died. Hydrothorax, hypotension and cerebral edema/cerebral herniation at hospital admission were independent clinical characteristics, and neutrophil %, prothrombin activity, PCT, BUN and Ca2+ at hospital admission were independent laboratory factors associated with critical disease. Feature selection identified BUN, PCT and prothrombin time as independent factors related to critical disease. A nomogram integrating BUN and PCT at admission was constructed and calibration showed high accuracy for the probability prediction of critical disease. In conclusion, this study characterized the clinical and laboratory features and constructed a nomogram predicting disease severity in pediatric HFRS, providing references for disease severity evaluation in managing children HFRS. This article is protected by copyr ight. All rights reserved. View on Web

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