Immune landscape of viral cancers: insights from single‐cell sequencing

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Immune landscape of viral cancers: insights from single‐cell sequencing via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Viral infections trigger a wide range of immune responses thought to drive tumorigenesis and malignant progression. Dissecting virus-induced changes in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is therefore crucial to identify key leukocyte populations that may represent novel targets for cancer therapy. Single-cell sequencing approaches have now been widely applied to the analysis of various tumors, thus enabling multi-omics characterization of the highly heterogeneous TIME that bulk-sequencing cannot fully elucidate. In this review, we summarized key recent findings from sequencing studies of the immune infiltrate and anti-tumor response in virus-associated cancers at single cell resolution. Additionally, we also reviewed recent developments in immunotherapy for virus-associated cancers. We anticipate that the strategic use of single-cell sequencing will advance our understanding of the TIME of viral cancers, leading to the development of more potent novel treatments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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HPV‐related cervical diseases: Alteration of vaginal microbiotas and promising potential for diagnosis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader HPV‐related cervical diseases: Alteration of vaginal microbiotas and promising potential for diagnosis via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Vaginal microbiota is closely associated with women's health, however, the correlation between HPV-related cervical disease (HRCD) and vaginal microbiota is still obscure. In this study, patients with HRCD (n=98) and healthy controls (n=58) in Hangzhou were recruited, their vaginal microbiota were collected and analyzed. The composition of vaginal microbial community was explored, and a disease classification model was developed by random forest algorithm. The results suggested that the diversity of vaginal microbiota was significantly higher in HRCDs than that in healthy controls (p<0.05). Firmicutes is the dominant phylum in vaginal microbiota, and Lactobacillus was identified as the most altered genus between two groups (p<0.01). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis suggested the difference in vaginal microbial community functions between two groups. Furthermore, we identified 10 biomarkers as the optim al marker sets for random forest model and found higher probability of disease values in HRCD group in discovery cohort (p<0.0001), with an area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) reaching 89.7% (95% CI: 78.3%-100%). We further validated the model in both validation and independent diagnosis cohorts, confirming its accuracy in the prediction of HRCD. In conclusion, this study revealed the community composition of vaginal microbiota in HRCDs and successfully constructed a diagnostic model for HRCD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Effects of Class II intermaxillary elastics on masticatory muscle activity balance, occlusal contact area, and masticatory performance: A multicenter randomized controlled trial

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Effects of Class II intermaxillary elastics on masticatory muscle activity balance, occlusal contact area, and masticatory performance: A multicenter randomized controlled trial via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Background Bilateral Class II intermaxillary elastics (CII elastics) are commonly used in orthodontics; however, the effects of CII elastics on masticatory muscle activity and the occlusal contact area have not been studied. Objectives To evaluate the short-term effects of CII elastics on masticatory muscle activity balance, occlusal contact area, and masticatory performance in a group of adult orthodontic patients after three months. Materials and Methods Forty-three patients with a <3 mm Class II molar relationship receiving ongoing treatment with fixed appliances were recruited. The experimental group (n=21) wore CII elastics (100-150 g/side) full time; the control group (n=22) did not wear CII elastics. Surface electromyography, the areas of occlusal contact and near contact (ACNC), and the median particle size of a test food were assessed prior to (T0), and after one (T1) and three months (T2). Within- and between-group differences were analyzed and the relationships between changes in dependent variables were examined (α=0.05). Results At T2, the experimental group showed better masticatory muscle activity balance (P<0.001) and masticatory performance (P<0.05) than controls. Both masticatory muscle activity balance (P<0.001) and masticatory performance (P<0.001) significantly improved in the experimental group between T0 and T2. The changes in masticatory muscle activity balance and masticatory performance were significantly related (P<0.05). No significant changes in cumulative ACNC or ACNC balance were observed (P>0.05). Conclusion After three months, CII elastics improved masticatory muscle activity balance, which led to better masticatory performance. View on Web

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Therapeutıc effect of alendronate ın an experımental temporomandıbular joınt osteoarthrıtıs

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Therapeutıc effect of alendronate ın an experımental temporomandıbular joınt osteoarthrıtıs via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Background Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease. This disease negatively affects the daily life, speech and chewing functions of patients. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intraarticular injection of alendronate to osteoarthritis, which has a protective effect on bone and cartilage tissue and helps reduce inflammation in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Methods A total of 24 Wistar Albino rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into 4 groups as study, saline, control, and sham. In both saline and control groups, monosodium iodoacetate was injected intraarticularly to induce osteoarthritis. Alendronate was administered intraarticularly to the study group weekly for 4 weeks. In the saline group, saline was administered by intraarticular injection. At the end of the 12th week, all groups were sacrificed. Mandibular condyle tissues were examined histopathologically. Results According to the results, osteoarthritic changes in the control group were higher than those in the study group (p<0.05). No significant reduction in osteoarthritic changes was observed in the saline group (p>0.05). Significant osteoarthritis findings were observed in all groups compared to the sham group (p<0.05). Conclusion Intraarticular injection of alendronate was found to have positive results on TMJ osteoarthritis. In addition, it was seen that alendronate has effects on reducing cartilage tissue degeneration and loss of matrix proteins. View on Web

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Brain functional activity of swallowing: a meta‐analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Brain functional activity of swallowing: a meta‐analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Objective Swallowing is one of the most important activities in our life, and serves the dual roles of nutritional intake and eating enjoyment. The study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to investigate the brain activity of swallowing. Methods Studies of swallowing using functional magnetic resonance imaging were reviewed in PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), and Wan Fang before November 30, 2021. Two authors analyzed the studies for eligibility criteria. The final inclusion of studies was decided by consensus. An activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of these studies was performed with GingerALE, including 16 studies. Results For swallowing, clusters with high activation likelihood were found in the bilateral insula, bilateral precentral gyrus, bilateral postcentral gyrus, left transverse temporal gyrus, right medial front gyrus, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral cingulate gyrus. For water swallowing, clusters with high activation likelihood were found in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and the left precentral gyrus. For saliva swallowing, clusters with high activation likelihood were found in the bilateral cingulate gyrus, bilateral precentral gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, left transverse gyrus. Conclusion This meta-analysis reflects that swallowing is regulated by both sensory and motor cortex, and saliva swallowing activates more brain areas than water swallowing, which would promote our knowledge of swallowing and provide some direction for clinical and other research. View on Web

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Discussion on the common controversies of Helicobacter pylori infection

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Discussion on the common controversies of Helicobacter pylori infection via Helicobacter Abstract Background Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) can persistently colonize on the gastric mucosa after infection and cause gastritis, atrophy, metaplasia, and even gastric cancer (GC). Methods Therefore, the detection and eradication of H. pylori are the prerequisite. Results Clinically, there are some controversial issues, such as why H. pylori infection is persistent, why it translocases along with the lesser curvature of the stomach, why there is oxyntic antralization, what the immunological characteristic of gastric chronic inflammation caused by H. pylori is, whether H. pylori infection is associated with extra-gastric diseases, whether chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is reversible, and what the potential problems are after H. pylori eradication. What are the possible answers? Conclusion In the review, we will discuss these issues from the attachment to eradication in detail. View on Web

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Comprehensive access strategies to the frontal sinus

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Comprehensive access strategies to the frontal sinus via Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Published Ahead-of-Print Purpose of review Despite the impressive evolutions in endoscopic endonasal approaches and instrumentations, the frontal sinus remains a challenging area. Different surgical options have been described over the years, but the main criticism lies in choosing the most suitable approach for a given case, based on the anatomy of each patient and the disease to treat. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of surgical access strategies currently available to address the frontal sinus, including both endonasal and traditional external procedures, analysing indications, contraindications, complications and outcomes. Recent findings Frontal sinus surgery includes minimally invasive endonasal approaches (balloon dilatation, Draf type I); extended endonasal approaches (Draf type IIA-IIB-IIC, Draf type III and their modifications via orbital transposition and contralateral pyriform aperture resection); external procedures (superior eyelid incision, frontal osteoplastic flap, Riedel procedure, Riedel-Mosher operation); and combined approaches. Summary Recent advances in endoscopic endonasal techniques have deeply reshaped the surgical options to manage frontal sinus diseases, in an attempt to minimize the invasiveness of the procedures and maximize their outcomes. Traditional external procedures should be used in selected cases nonamenable for endonasal surgery. The appropriate selection of cases appears to be of paramount importance to obtain successful outcomes. View on Web

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