Objectives/Hypothesis
Vocal fold (VF) lipoaugmentation can be employed to treat glottal insufficiency although variable data exist on its length of effectiveness. We aimed to review published long-term outcomes following lipoaugmentation across the literature and compile outcome data.
Study Design
Systematic review.
Methods
A systematic search in September 2020 of PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify 128 relevant articles related to VF lipoaugmentation effectiveness duration. Primary search terms included the following: vocal cord, fat, lipo, and atrophy. Forty-eight full-text articles were reviewed and 31 were included in the final analysis. Primary endpoints included the following: duration of effectiveness per patient-reported outcome measures, objective findings, and additional procedures performed. In addition, fat harvest location and processing techniques were recorded.
Findings
Thirty-one studies totaling 764 patients were included in the review. Indications for augmentation were VF paralysis (N = 690) and atrophy (N = 74). Fat was harvested from the abdominal region in 21 studies (529 patients), the thigh/abdomen in 5 studies (91 patients), and buccal/submental region in 2 studies (33 patients). Processing techniques and injectable volume varied. Across included studies, only 11 of 764 patients (1.4%) reported no improvement in voice and/or swallowing. Within the first year, 71 of 608 patients (11.7%) reported a regression toward baseline. Beyond 1 year and up to 8 years, 27 of 214 patients (12.6%) reported regression from initial improvement. Thirty-three patients underwent additional procedures.
Conclusion
Although improvements in voice and swallowing after lipoaugmentation taper over time, most patients experienced long-term benefit. Laryngoscope, 2021
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