A review of the endocrine resistance in hormone-positive breast cancer

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A review of the endocrine resistance in hormone-positive breast cancer Via American Journal of Cancer Research Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Aug 15;11(8):3813-3831. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT Hormone-positive breast cancer (BC) is a unique heterogeneous disease with a favorable prognosis compared to other types of breast cancer. As tumor biology influences the prognosis and clinical treatment, a deep understanding of how the molecular mechanisms regulate hormone sensitivity or resistance is critical in improving the efficacy and overcoming the endocrine resistance. This article comprehensively reviews the endocrine resistance in hormone-positive BC from a molecular and genetic perspective, encompassing the updated treatment and developing direction. This review includes the mechanisms of hormone resistance, which vary from epigenetic changes, crosstalk between signaling networks, cell cycle aberrance, and even change in the tumor microenvironment (TME) or stem cell. These mechanisms may contribute to treatment resistance. Current targeted therapy for h ormone-resistant tumors includes PI3K/AKT/mTOR and cdk4/6 inhibitors. Several relevant pathways, biomarkers, and predictor genes have also been identified. Immunotherapy so far has a relatively less crucial role in hormone-positive than in triple-negative BC. Furthermore, the methodology to identify the PDL1 is not standardized. In a molecule and gene study, next-generation sequencing with circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has recently appeared as a sensitive and minimally invasive tool worth investigating. PMID:34522451 | PMC:PMC8414389 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.