Δευτέρα 1 Αυγούστου 2022

Clinical features, diagnosis and management of cephalosporin‐induced acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis

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Clinical features, diagnosis and management of cephalosporin-induced acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis

We collected original research, clinical trial reports, case reports and reviews of cephalosporin-induced acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) by searching Chinese and English databases to explore the clinical features, treatment strategies and prognosis of cephalosporin -induced AGEP.


Abstract

What is Known and Objective

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a serious and rare adverse reaction of cephalosporins. We aimed to describe the clinical features of cephalosporin-induced AGEP and provide a reference for rational clinical use of cephalosporins.

Methods

We systematically searched Chinese and English databases for cephalosporin-induced TGEP-related case reports, retrospective studies, clinical studies, and review articles published before May 2022.

Results and Discussion

A total of 43 patients from 35 articles were eligible, of which 28 (65.1%) were female, with a median age of 69 years. A total of 11 cephalosporins were suspected, the most commonly involved were ceftriaxone (41.9%), cephalexin (16.3%), and cefepime (9.3%). AEGP erupted primarily within 14 days after administration, manifested as nonfollicular pustules on an erythematous base, distributed favourably to the extremities (44.2%), trunk (23.3%), face (23.3%), and could involve the oral mucosa (11.6%). During AGEP resolution, the affected area had desquamation (39.5%). The acute phase of the disease may be accompanied by fever (>38.0°C) and elevated neutrophil count (>7500/mm3). Histology of AGEP showed subcorneal pustules (56.3%), intraepidermal cavernous pustules (37.5%), with papillary dermal edema (37.5%), containing neutrophils and eosinophilic infiltration (71.9%). After drug discontinuation, the median time to resolution of AGEP symptoms was 10 days (rang e 2, 90).

What is New and Conclusion

Cephalosporin-induced AGEP is rare and should be properly diagnosed. This serious cutaneous adverse reaction is self-limiting and has a favourable prognosis, usually resolves with drug interruption, and may require additional interventions, such as topical steroids.

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