Abstract
Retest positive SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA, as a unique phenomenon among the discharged individuals, has been demonstrated to be safe in the community. Still, the underlying mechanism of viral lingering is less investigated. In this study, first, we find that the frequency of viral RNA positive retest differs among variants. Higher ratios of viral RNA positive retest were more frequently observed among Delta (61.41%, 514 of 837 cases) and Omicrons (39.53%, 119 of 301 cases) infection than ancestral viral infection (7.27%, 21 of 289 cases). Second, the tissues where viral RNA reoccurred were altered. Delta RNA reoccurred mainly in the upper respiratory tract (90%), but ancestral virus RNA mainly in the gastrointestinal tract (71%). Third, vaccination did not reduce the frequency of viral RNA-positive retests, despite high concentrations of viral-specific antibodies in the blood. Finally, 37 of 55 (67.27%) Delta-infected patients receiving neutralizing antibody (nAb ) therapy become viral RNA retest positive when high concentrations of neutralizing antibodies still patrol in the blood. Altogether, our findings suggest that the presentence of high titers of neutralizing antibodies in the blood is incompetent in clearing residual viral RNA in the upper respiratory tract.
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