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HNO. 2020 Jan 22;:
Authors: Bergmann C
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The immune system has substantial involvement in the pathophysiology of allergies and cancer. The complexity of the immune system is well balanced in health, in so-called immune homeostasis. In many diseases, as in allergies and cancer, this balance is disturbed. The tolerance to foreign but harmless substances, such as tree or grass pollen, is no longer sufficiently given in allergic patients. In cancer patients, the immune system is tolerant to harmful tumor cells. Thus, allergies and cancer show an opposing pattern in terms of immune tolerance. The group of regulatory T cells occupies a central position here.
OBJECTIVE: This article deals with the function of regulatory T cells in detail. This group of immune cells and its interaction with other involved immune cells and messenger signals in the pathophysiology and treatment of allergies and cancer are presented.
METHODS: A review article was compiled based on the pertinent literature.
RESULTS: The regulatory T cells of cancer patients are a mechanism of the so-called tumor escape phenomenon to hide from the immune system. The tumor uses danger signals, e.g., the HMGB1 protein, to mediate tolerance to the immune system through these cells and thus avoid elimination. In allergic patients, these cells are underrepresented and can be induced by a specific immunotherapy, in order to achieve tolerance to the allergens and thus a causal treatment.
CONCLUSION: Regulatory T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer and allergies, and thus represent a therapeutic target.
PMID: 31970443 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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