"J Comput Assist Tomogr"[jour]; +23 new citations

"J Comput Assist Tomogr"[jour]; +23 new citations:

23 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"J Comput Assist Tomogr"[jour]

These pubmed results were generated on 2020/01/16

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.



1.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):153-159. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000960.
Improved Visualization and Identification of the Right Adrenal Vein in 70-kVp Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography.
Maruyama K1, Sofue K, Horinouchi H, Okada T, Ueshima E, Gentsu T, Sasaki K, Yamaguchi M, Sugimoto K, Murakami T.

Author information


Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to assess the utility of 70-kilovoltage-peak (kVp) contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) for visualization and identification of the right adrenal vein (RAV) in comparison with that of conventional 120-kVp CECT.
METHODS:

This retrospective study included patients who underwent adrenal venous sampling with concurrent biphasic 120-kVp (120-kVp group, n = 43) or 70-kVp (70-kVp group, n = 47) CECT. Signal-to-noise ratios, contrast-to-noise ratios, longitudinal lengths, conspicuity scores, RAV detection rates, and size-specific dose estimates were compared between the 2 groups.
RESULTS:

In comparison with the 120-kVp group, the 70-kVp group had significantly higher signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios (P < 0.001-P = 0.033), greater longitudinal lengths (P < 0.001-P = 0.002), superior conspicuity scores for the RAV (P < 0.001), higher RAV detection rates (P = 0.015-P = 0.033), and lower size-specific dose estimates (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS:

Seventy-kilovoltage-peak CECT has advantages over conventional 120-kVp CECT and is potentially useful for noninvasive assessment of the precise anatomy of the RAV.
PMID: 31939897 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000960

Similar articles


Select item 319398962.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):145-152. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000972.
Gastrointestinal Air Motion Artifact Which Can Be Mistaken for Active Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Multidetector Computed Tomography: Phantom and Clinical Study.
Lee JS1, Kim SH, Kim JJ, Kim BS, Choi GM, Kim DR.

Author information


Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

We investigated the computed tomographic characteristics of gastrointestinal air motion artifact (GIAMA), which can be misinterpreted as active gastrointestinal bleeding.
METHODS:

We simulated GIAMA using 3 types of air-ball phantoms (air-ball in water, air-ball in oil, air-water-ball in oil) and a bovine intestine in oil phantom. We also performed a retrospective clinical review of precontrast abdominal computed tomography images of 76 patients to investigate the frequency, location, shape, and maximum density of hyperdense GIAMA.
RESULTS:

In phantom studies, air motion artifacts appeared as dark and bright streak artifacts at the borders of a moving air-ball and water or oil. In the clinical study, hyperdense GIAMA was visualized in 60 (79.0%) of 76 patients. The small intestine was most commonly affected (46.4%), and the intramural type had the highest frequency (58.0%).
CONCLUSION:

Knowing the radiologic features of GIAMA can assists radiologists in identifying active gastrointestinal bleeding sites accurately.
PMID: 31939896 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000972

Similar articles


Select item 319398953.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):138-144. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000952.
Semiautomated Renal Cortex Volumetry in Spectral Computed Tomography: Effect of Monoenergetic Reconstructions on Measurement Precision and Interobserver Variability.
Houbois C1, Haneder S1, Merkt M1, Morelli J2, Weiss K1,3, Hellmich M4, Chon SH5, Maintz D1, Püsken M1.

Author information


Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of virtual monoenergetic images (vMEIs) on renal cortex volumetry (RCV) and estimation of split-renal function.
METHODS:

Twenty-five patients (mean ± SD, 64.7 ± 9.9 years) underwent a contrast-enhanced dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography. Images were reconstructed with a reference standard (iterative model reconstruction, IMRRef), a newly spectral detector computed tomography algorithm (SPcon) and vMEI at 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 keV. Two blinded independent readers performed RCV on all data sets with a semiautomated tool.
RESULTS:

Total kidney volume was up to 15% higher in vMEI at 40/60 keV compared with IMRRef (P < 0.001). Total kidney volume with vMEI at 80/100 keV was similar to IMRRef (P < 0.001). Split-renal function was similar in all reconstructions at approximately 50% ± 3%. Bland-Altman analysis showed no significant differences (P > 0.05), except for 40 keV versus SPcon (P < 0.05). The time required to perform RCV was reasonable, approximately 4 minutes, and showed no significant differences among reconstructions. Interreader agreement was greatest with vMEI at 80 keV (r = 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.39-0.85; P < 0.0002) followed by IMRRef images (r = 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.37-0.84; P < 0.0003). IMRRef showed the highest mean Hounsfield unit for cortex/medulla of 223.4 ± 73.7/62.5 ± 19.7 and a ratio of 3.7.
CONCLUSIONS:

Semiautomated RCV performed with vMEI and IMRRef/SPcon is feasible and showed no clinically relevant differences with regard to split-renal function. Low-kiloelectron volt vMEI showed greater tissue contrast and total kidney volume but no benefit for RCV. Moderate-kiloelectron volt vMEI (80 keV) results were similar to IMRRef with a faster postprocessing time.
PMID: 31939895 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000952

Similar articles


Select item 319398944.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):131-137. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000955.
Multidetector Computed Tomography Findings of Adhesive Internal Hernias.
Zhang F1, Qiao Y, Zhang H.

Author information


Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To identify multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) findings of surgically confirmed adhesive internal hernias (IHs).
METHODS:

Two gastrointestinal radiologists performed blinded, independent, and retrospective reviews of MDCT findings from a consecutive cohort of 35 adhesive IH and 41 adhesive small-bowel obstruction cases that had undergone surgery within 48 hours after MDCT. Univariate statistical analyses were performed to assess CT signs of adhesive IHs and CT findings of intestinal necrosis in patients presenting with adhesive IHs.
RESULTS:

Dislocated cluster of the intestine (P = 0.005), 2 transitional zones (P = 0.002), and presence of fat in the center sign (P = 0.001) were key CT outcomes that were significantly associated with adhesive IHs. Additionally, intramural hemorrhage was found the MDCT feature indicative of intestinal necrosis (P = 0.028).
CONCLUSIONS:

This study illustrates specific MDCT findings of IHs, and these observations may help guide early clinical management of the condition.
PMID: 31939894 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000955

Similar articles


Select item 319398935.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):124-130. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000950.
Spectrum of Early Postoperative Multidetector Computed Tomography Findings Following Cytoreductive Surgery With Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy.
Boegel KH1, Gaertner W2, Sharma S1, Sanghvi T1, Spilseth B1.

Author information


Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To review and describe imaging findings on multidetector computed tomography in the early postoperative period after cytoreductive surgery with concomitant hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS + HIPEC).
METHODS:

This was a retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing early (≤60 days) postoperative abdominopelvic multidetector computed tomography scans after CRS + HIPEC from 2014 to 2018 at a single institution. Two radiologists separately assessed bowel wall thickening, bowel wall enhancement, bowel dilation, ascites, and pleural effusion(s) and identified any other significant finding(s).
RESULTS:

Thirty-two patients met the inclusion criteria. The majority of patients demonstrated bowel wall thickening (53%; n = 17) and ascites (72%; n = 23), whereas postoperative ileus (35%; n = 10), pleural effusion(s) (24%; n = 7), and bowel wall hyperenhancement (6%; n = 1) were less common. Significant findings included anastomotic leak/perforation (13%; n = 4), fistula (13%; n = 4), abscess (13%; n = 4), and bladder leak (6%; n = 2).
CONCLUSIONS:

Multidetector computed tomography is an excellent imaging modality to identify common postoperative findings as well as complications following CRS + HIPEC.
PMID: 31939893 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000950

Similar articles


Select item 319398926.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):118-123. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000945.
Interobserver Agreement of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2018.
Abdel Razek AAK1, El-Serougy LG1, Saleh GA1, Abd El-Wahab R1, Shabana W2.

Author information


Abstract

AIM:

This study aimed to assess the interobserver agreement of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2018 (LI-RADS v2018).
SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective analysis was done for 119 consecutive patients (77 male and 42 female) at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent dynamic contrast MR imaging. Image analysis was done by 2 independent and blinded readers for arterial phase hyperenhancement, washout appearance, enhancing capsule appearance, and size. Hepatic lesions were classified into 7 groups according to LI-RADS v2018.
RESULTS:

There was excellent interobserver agreement of both reviewers for LR version 4 (κ = 0.887, P = 0.001) with 90.76% agreement. There was excellent interobserver agreement for nonrim arterial phase hyperenhancement (κ = 0.948; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89-0.99; P = 0.001), washout appearance (κ = 0.949; 95% CI, 0.89-1.0; P = 0.001); and enhancing capsule (κ = 0.848; 95% CI, 0.73-0.97; P = 0.001) and excellent reliability of size (interclass correlation, 0.99; P = 0.001). There was excellent interobserver agreement for LR-1 (κ = 1.00, P = 0.001), LR-2 (κ = 0.94, P = 0.001), LR-5 (κ = 0.839, P = 0.001), LR-M (κ = 1.00, P = 0.001), and LR-TIV (κ = 1.00; 95% CI, 1.0-1.0; P = 0.001), and good agreement for LR-3 (κ = 0.61, P = 0.001) and LR-4 (κ = 0.61, P = 0.001).
CONCLUSION:

MR imaging of LI-RADS v2018 is a reliable imaging modality and reporting system that may be used for standard interpretation of hepatic focal lesions.
PMID: 31939892 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000945

Similar articles


Select item 319398917.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):111-117. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000973.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of PET(CT) in Patients With Neuroblastoma: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.
Li HF1, Mao HJ, Zhao L, Guo DL, Chen B, Yang JF.

Author information


Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the overall diagnostic value of PET(CT) in patients with neuroblastoma (NB) based on qualified studies.
METHODS:

PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase database were searched by the index words to identify the qualified studies, and relevant literature sources were also searched. The latest research was performed in April 2019. Heterogeneity of the included studies was tested, which was used to select proper effect model to calculate pooled weighted sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) analyses were also performed.
RESULTS:

Eleven studies with 580 patients were involved in the meta-analysis to explore the diagnostic accuracy of PET(CT) for NB. PET(CT) has high diagnostic accuracy of NB: the global sensitivity was 91% (95% confidence interval [CI], 86%-94%), the global specificity was 78% (95% CI, 66%-86%), the global positive likelihood ratio was 4.07 (95% CI, 2.54-6.50), the global negative likelihood ratio was 0.12 (95% CI, 0.08-0.18), the global DOR was 27.43 (95% CI, 14.45-52.07), and the area under the SROC was high (area under the curve, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90-0.95). Besides this, PET(CT) has high diagnostic accuracy of primary NB: the global sensitivity was 86% (95% CI, 73%-93%), the global specificity was 82% (95% CI, 57%-94%), the global positive likelihood ratio was 4.90 (95% CI, 1.63-14.72), the global negative likelihood ratio was 0.17 (95% CI, 0.07-0.40), the global DOR was 25.427 (95% CI, 3.988-162.098), and the area under the SROC was high (area under the curve, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.88-0.93). However, there has no significant accuracy of PET(CT) in NB with bone marrow.
CONCLUSIONS:

This study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies of PET(CT) for NB. The results indicated that PET(CT) is a highly accurate diagnostic tool for NB.
PMID: 31939891 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000973

Similar articles


Select item 319398908.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):102-110. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000964.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Restaging of Rectal Cancer After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.
Wei MZ1, Zhao ZH, Wang JY.

Author information


Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the overall diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in restaging of rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy based on qualified studies.
METHODS:

PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE database were searched by the index words to identify the qualified studies, and relevant literature sources were also searched. The latest research was done in April 2019. Heterogeneity of the included studies was tested, which was used to select proper effect model to calculate pooled weighted sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) analyses were also performed.
RESULT:

Nineteen studies with 1262 patients were involved in the meta-analysis exploring the diagnostic accuracy of MRI for rectal cancer. The diagnostic accuracy of MRI in T3-T4 rectal cancer was as follows: sensitivity, 81% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67%-90%); specificity, 67% (95% CI, 51%-80%); positive likelihood ratio, 2.48 (95% CI, 1.57-3.91); negative likelihood ratio, 0.28 (95% CI, 0.15-0.52); global DOR, 6.86 (95% CI, 3.07-15.30); the area under the SROC was high (0.81; 95% CI, 0.78-0.84). The diagnostic accuracy of MRI in lymphatic metastasis of rectal cancer was as follows: sensitivity, 77% (95% CI, 65%-86%); specificity, 77% (95% CI, 63%-87%); positive likelihood ratio, 3.40 (95% CI, 2.07-5.59); negative likelihood ratio, 0.30 (95% CI, 0.20-0.45); DOR, 10.81 (95% CI, 4.99-23.39); area under the SROC was high (0.84; 95% CI, 0.80-0.87).
CONCLUSIONS:

This study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies of MRI for rectal cancer. The results indicate that MRI is a highly accurate diagnostic tool for rectal cancer T3-T4 staging and N staging but sensitivity and specificity are not high.
PMID: 31939890 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000964

Similar articles


Select item 319398899.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):95-101. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000947.
Image Quality Measured From Ultra-Low Dose Chest Computed Tomography Examination Protocols Using 6 Different Iterative Reconstructions From 4 Vendors, a Phantom Study.
Afadzi M1, Fosså K2, Andersen HK1, Aaløkken TM1,2, Martinsen ACT1,3.

Author information


Abstract

PURPOSE:

This study aimed to evaluate image quality of ultra-low dose chest computed tomography using 6 iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms.
METHOD:

A lung phantom was scanned on 4 computed tomography scanners using fixed tube voltages and the lowest mAs available on each scanner, resulting in dose levels of 0.1 to 0.2 mGy (80 kVp) and 0.3 to 1 mGy (140 kVp) volume CT dose index (CTDIvol). Images were reconstructed with IR available on the scanners. Image noise, signal-to-noise ratios, contrast-to-noise ratios, uniformity, and noise power spectrum (NPS) were assessed for evaluation of image quality.
RESULTS:

Image quality parameters increased with increasing dose for all algorithms. At constant dose levels, model-based techniques improved the contrast-to-noise ratio of lesions more than the statistical algorithms. All algorithms tested at 0.1 mGy showed lower NPS peak frequencies compared with 0.39 mGy. In contrast to the statistical techniques, model-based algorithms showed lower NPS peak frequencies at the lowest doses, indicating a coarser and blotchier noise texture.
CONCLUSION:

This study shows the importance of evaluating IR when introduced clinically.
PMID: 31939889 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000947

Similar articles


Select item 3193988810.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):90-94. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000976.
Computed Tomography-Based Radiomic Features for Diagnosis of Indeterminate Small Pulmonary Nodules.
Liu Q1, Huang Y, Chen H, Liu Y, Liang R, Zeng Q.

Author information


Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to determine the potential of radiomic features extracted from preoperative computed tomography to discriminate malignant from benign indeterminate small (≤10 mm) pulmonary nodules.
METHODS:

A total of 197 patients with 210 nodules who underwent surgical resections between January 2011 and March 2017 were analyzed. Three hundred eighty-five radiomic features were extracted from the computed tomographic images. Feature selection and data dimension reduction were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation analysis, and principal component analysis. The random forest was used for radiomic signature building. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the model performance.
RESULTS:

Fifteen principal component features were selected for modeling. The area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the prediction model were 0.877 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.795-0.959), 81.8% (95% CI, 72.0%-90.9%), 77.4% (95% CI, 63.9%-89.3%), and 80.0% (95% CI, 72.0%-86.7%) in the validation cohort, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:

Computed tomography-based radiomic features showed good discriminative power for benign and malignant indeterminate small pulmonary nodules.
PMID: 31939888 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000976

Similar articles


Select item 3193988711.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):83-89. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000969.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Texture Analysis in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 4: A Preliminary Study.
Wang Y1, Liao X2, Xiao F1, Zhang H1, Li J1, Liao M1.

Author information


Abstract

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:

This novel study aims to investigate texture parameters in distinguishing malignant and benign breast lesions classified as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 4 in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This retrospective study included 203 patients with 136 breast cancer and 67 benign lesions who underwent breast MRI between November 23, 2016, and August 27, 2018. Co-occurrence matrix-based texture features were extracted from each lesion on T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI using MatLab software. The association between texture parameters and breast lesions was analyzed, and the diagnostic model for breast cancer was created. Classification performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity.
RESULTS:

Significant differences were seen between malignant and benign lesions for a number of textural features, including contrast, correlation, autocorrelation, dissimilarity, cluster shade, and cluster performance (P < 0.05). After the analysis of the multicollinearity, 5 texture features (contrast, correlation, dissimilarity, cluster shade, and cluster performance) were included for the next principal component analysis. The differentiation accuracy of breast cancer based on the diagnostic model was 0.948 (95% confidence interval, 0.908-0.974).
CONCLUSIONS:

Texture features that measure randomness, heterogeneity, or homogeneity may reflect underlying growth patterns of breast lesions and show great difference in malignant and benign lesions. Therefore, texture analysis may be a valuable assisted tool for diagnostic analysis on breast.
PMID: 31939887 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000969

Similar articles


Select item 3193988612.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):78-82. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000970.
Usefulness of Virtual Monochromatic Dual-Layer Computed Tomographic Imaging for Breast Carcinoma.
Inoue T1, Nakaura T1, Iyama A1, Kidoh M1, Nagayama Y1, Uetani H1, Oda S1, Utsunomiya D2, Yamashita Y1.

Author information


Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to evaluate virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) obtained using dual-layer dual-energy computed tomography (CT) for breast carcinoma.
METHODS:

We retrospectively enrolled 28 patients with breast cancer who were pathologically diagnosed using dual-layer dual-energy CT. Virtual monochromatic images (40-200 keV) were generated. We compared CT number, image noise, contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between VMIs with the highest CNR and conventional CT images. We performed qualitative image analysis between VMIs at optimized energy and conventional CT images.
RESULTS:

Image noise of VMIs was not significantly different from that of the conventional CT images. As the x-ray energy decreased, CNR increased. The 40-keV VMIs were highest CNR and higher than that of the conventional CT images. In qualitative image analysis, the 40-keV images were significantly higher than conventional CT images.
CONCLUSION:

Both qualitative and quantitative analyses showed that the image quality of VMIs at 40 keV was significantly higher than that of conventional CT images.
PMID: 31939886 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000970

Similar articles


Select item 3193988513.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):70-74. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000948.
The Specific Magnetic Resonance Imaging Indicators in Predicting Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastatic to the Sinonasal Region.
Yang B1, Wang Z, Dong J.

Author information


Abstract

PURPOSE:

The aim of this study was to determine the valuable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of sinonasal metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (cc-RCC), especially focusing on its dynamic-enhanced characteristics.
METHODS:

The conventional and dynamic-enhanced MRI findings of 8 patients with histopathologically confirmed sinonasal metastatic cc-RCC were reviewed by 2 radiologists. The control group of 8 patients with capillary hemangioma underwent the same MRI protocol.
RESULTS:

Metastatic cc-RCCs arose from the nasoethmoid region, maxillary sinus, posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinus, and nasal cavity in 2 patients in each. These lesions were well circumscribed and the mean maximum dimension was 42 mm. The signal intensity of these lesions was isointense to brain stem on both MR T1- and T2-weighted images. All metastatic tumors showed vivid enhancement on enhanced T1-weighted image. Multiple flow voids within these metastatic lesions were identified in 6 patients. Peripheral cyst was detected around the metastatic tumor in 4 patients. Metastatic cc-RCCs exhibited a characteristic type 4 time intensity curve (TIC) similar to that of the internal carotid artery, whereas capillary hemangiomas showed a type 3 TIC on dynamic-enhanced MRI.
CONCLUSIONS:

A hypervascular mass with the characteristic type 4 TIC in the sinonasal region is highly suggestive of a metastatic cc-RCC.
PMID: 31939885 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000948

Similar articles


Select item 3193988414.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):65-69. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000962.
Postnatal Intracranial Findings Following Fetal Repair of Spinal Dysraphisms.
Calle S1, Bonfante E1, Simmons G1, Rogers J1, Sitton C1, Hughes K2, Papanna RM3, Riascos R1, Patel R1.

Author information


Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

Our objective is to document the imaging appearance in the intracranial compartment at the time of the infants' first postnatal brain MR imaging after fetal repair for spinal dysraphisms.
METHODS:

Twenty-nine patients were evaluated on fetal and postnatal magnetic resonance imaging for a series of features of Chiari II malformation.
RESULTS:

Of the 29 infants, 55% had resolution of tonsillar ectopia, and 62% showed a dorsal outpouching of the near the foramen magnum on postnatal magnetic resonance imaging. The majority had persistence of Chiari II features including: prominent massa intermedia (93%), tectal beaking (93%), towering cerebellum (55%), flattening of the fourth ventricle (90%), hypoplastic tentorium (97%), and tonsillar hypoplasia (59%).
CONCLUSIONS:

Normally positioned or minimally descended, oftentimes hypoplastic tonsils in the presence of a posterior fossa configuration typical of Chiari II, was the most common presentation. An additional documented feature was an outpouching of the dorsal thecal sac between the opisthion and the posterior arch of C1.
PMID: 31939884 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000962

Similar articles


Select item 3193988315.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):59-64. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000959.
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Clinical Symptoms, Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Metrics and White Matter Changes.
Atasoy B1, Aralasmak A1, Cetinkaya E1, Toprak H1, Toprak A2, Tokdemir S1, Babacan G3, Alkan A1.

Author information


Abstract

PURPOSE:

The aim of this study was to investigate correlations between clinical symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid flow metrics, hydrocephalus index, small-vessel disease, and white matter (WM) changes in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH).
METHODS:

Aquaductal stroke volumes (ASVs), Z Evans index, Fazekas grading (FG), and diffusion tensor imaging measurements from WM bundles of 37 patients with NPH were retrospectively evaluated. Mann-Whitney U test between clinical symptoms and other variables and Spearman ρ correlations for relationships between variables and Kruskal-Wallis to correlate FG with nonclinical variables were used.
RESULTS:

Patients with NPH had increased ASV (median 53 μL). No correlation was found between Z Evans index and ASV. Three groups of patients with dementia or ataxia or incontinence had increased ASV values than their counterparts without symptoms (55 vs 48.5 μL, 75 vs 47 μL, 64 vs 49.5 μL, respectively). Patients having 2 common symptoms of dementia and ataxia and patients having all 3 symptoms of dementia, ataxia, and incontinence were compared with ASV values of 63.5 versus 78 μL, respectively. Patients with FG 1 had median ASV values of 45 μL; FG 2, 82.5 μL; and FG 3, 59 μL. Patients with dementia had significantly higher apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of corona radiata (CR) on both sides. There were no significant WM changes in patients with ataxia and incontinence. The Z Evans index was positively correlated with ADC values of CR on both sides and genu of corpus callosum. Fazekas grading was found positively correlated with ADC and negatively correlated with FA values of CR.
CONCLUSIONS:

Patients with NPH, regardless of stages of the diseases, have increased ASV values and could benefit from shunting. Decreasing ASV values of patients with FG 3 comparing with those with FG 2 support the hypothesis of decreasing compliance of brain with aging and increasing severity of small-vessel disease.
PMID: 31939883 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000959

Similar articles


Select item 3193988216.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):53-58. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000957.
Contribution of Reformatted Multislice Temporal Computed Tomography Images in the Planes of Stenvers and Pöschl to the Diagnosis of Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence.
Duman IS1, Dogan SN2.

Author information


Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

In the diagnosis of superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD), computed tomography (CT) is the only imaging method. The aims of the study were to show that reformat images are more accurate than standard planes for diagnosis of SSCD and to determine the prevalence of SSCD.
METHODS:

The retrospective review yielded 1309 temporal CTs performed in our radiology department for any reason. Two radiologist interpreted CTs in standard planes collaboratively. Patients with SSCD were reinterpreted in Pöschl and Stenvers planes by 2 radiologists separately.
RESULTS:

Statistical analysis was made by accepting that 2 radiologists diagnosis were accurate in Pöschl plane. Coronal plane sensitivity 86%, specificity 64%, Stenvers plane sensitivity 96%, and specificity 52% have been found in the mean result of 2 observers (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS:

In the diagnosis of SSCD, standard and Stenvers planes can cause false-negative and false-positive diagnoses. Interpretation in Pöschl plane can significantly increase sensitivity, specificity, negative, and positive predictive values for diagnosing dehiscence.
PMID: 31939882 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000957

Similar articles


Select item 3193988117.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):47-52. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000974.
Role of Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging in Differentiating Neuromyelitis Optica-Related and Multiple Sclerosis-Related Acute Optic Neuritis: Comparison With Diffusion-Weighted Imaging.
Lu P1, Yuan T2, Liu X2, Tian G3, Zhang J1, Sha Y2.

Author information


Abstract

PURPOSE:

The discrimination between neuromyelitis optica (NMO)- and multiple sclerosis (MS)-related acute optic neuritis (ON) after the first presentation is difficult in clinical practice. Through a comparison with diffusion-weighted imaging using readout-segmented echo-planar imaging (RESOLVE-DWI), our aim was to determine the feasibility of diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) for differential diagnosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Orbital DKI and RESOLVE-DWI in a 3.0-T scanner were performed on 37 patients with acute ON (15 NMO-related and 22 MS-related). The mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (AK), radial kurtosis (RK), mean diffusivity (MD), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated for quantitative analyses, and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were also performed to determine their abilities to differentiate the 2 conditions.
RESULTS:

The intraclass correlation coefficients among observers were 0.842, 0.885, 0.828, 0.871, and 0.942 for MK, RK, AK, MD, and ADC, respectively, in the affected nerve group and 0.890, 0.840, 0.832, 0.934, and 0.941 in the unaffected nerve group. Regarding the comparisons of the DKI and RESOLVE-DWI parameters among the groups, the mean MK, RK, AK, MD, and ADC values were significantly lower in the affected groups (all, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the MK, RK, MD, and ADC values were significantly lower in the NMO-ON group than in the MS-ON group (P = 0.001, 0.002, 0.013, and <0.001, respectively), and no significant differences were found in the AK values (P = 0.064). In addition, establishing MK ≤ 0.843 as the diagnostic criterion for NMO-related acute ON provided the highest sensitivity (90.5%), whereas the highest specificity (91.3%) was obtained using RK ≤ 0.784 as the diagnostic criterion.
CONCLUSIONS:

Diffusional kurtosis imaging is helpful for differentiating NMO-related acute ON from MS-related acute ON, and it can achieve more agreeable sensitivity and specificity than RESOLVE-DWI in differential diagnosis.
PMID: 31939881 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000974

Similar articles


Select item 3193988018.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):37-42. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000958.
Machine Learning to Predict the Rapid Growth of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.
Hirata K1, Nakaura T, Nakagawa M, Kidoh M, Oda S, Utsunomiya D, Yamashita Y.

Author information


Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether computed tomography (CT) angiography with machine learning (ML) can be used to predict the rapid growth of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This retrospective study was approved by our institutional review board. Fifty consecutive patients (45 men, 5 women, 73.5 years) with small AAA (38.5 ± 6.2 mm) had undergone CT angiography. To be included, patients required at least 2 CT scans a minimum of 6 months apart. Abdominal aortic aneurysm growth, estimated by change per year, was compared between patients with baseline infrarenal aortic minor axis. For each axial image, major axis of AAA, minor axis of AAA, major axis of lumen without intraluminal thrombi (ILT), minor axis of lumen without ILT, AAA area, lumen area without ILT, ILT area, maximum ILT area, and maximum ILT thickness were measured. We developed a prediction model using an ML method (to predict expansion >4 mm/y) and calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of this model via 10-fold cross-validation.
RESULTS:

The median aneurysm expansion was 3.0 mm/y. Major axis of AAA and AAA area correlated significantly with future AAA expansion (r = 0.472, 0.416 all P < 0.01). Machine learning and major axis of AAA were a strong predictor of significant AAA expansion (>4 mm/y) (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.86 and 0.78).
CONCLUSIONS:

Machine learning is an effective method for the prediction of expansion risk of AAA. Abdominal aortic aneurysm area and major axis of AAA are the important factors to reflect AAA expansion.
PMID: 31939880 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000958

Similar articles


Select item 3193987919.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):32-36. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000963.
Effect of Ultra High-Resolution Computed Tomography and Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction on Detectability of Simulated Submillimeter Artery.
Morisaka H1, Shimizu Y2, Adachi T2, Fukushima K2, Arai T2, Yamamura W2, Koyanagi M2, Kariyasu T2, Machida H2, Sano K1, Yokoyama K2, Ichikawa T1.

Author information


Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the effect of ultra high-resolution computed tomography (UHRCT) and model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) on the detectability of simulated submillimeter artery.
METHODS:

A small vessel phantom ranging from 0.4 to 2.0 mm in diameter and edge phantoms of low to high attenuation values were scanned by UHRCT (super-high-resolution mode and normal-resolution-mode) and conventional CT, and data were reconstructed by MBIR and filtered back projection (FBP). Vessel detectability was assessed subjectively and the effective size at which 50% of response was achieved (ES50 [mm]) was calculated. Modulation transfer function (MTF) was calculated by an edge spread function method.
RESULTS:

ES50 of super high-resolution mode (0.36 mm for MBIR and 0.50 mm for FBP) was significantly smaller than those of normal-resolution mode (P < 0.01). In the MTF analysis, the MTF of MBIR improved as the edge phantom attenuation increased, whereas that of FBP was stable.
CONCLUSIONS:

Both UHRCT and MBIR are effective for the detectability of simulated submillimeter artery.
PMID: 31939879 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000963

Similar articles


Select item 3193987820.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):26-31. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000966.
Patient Based Bull's Eye Map Display of Coronary Artery and Ventricles From Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography.
Fukushima K1, Matsuo Y1, Nagao M1, Sakai A2, Kihara N3, Onishi K3, Sakai S1.

Author information


Abstract


Coronary computed tomography angiography is widely used in clinical practice. Although 3-dimensional (D) volume rendering is useful for interpretation of coronary path and territory, 2D output is common for image interpretation. Most picture archiving and communication system is incapable of manipulating 3D due to insufficient graphic specification. Thus, 2D bull's eye map display is frequently used in cardiac imaging. We developed a bull's eye map which emulated the anatomical information of individual coronary path and dominancy.
PMID: 31939878 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000966

Similar articles


Select item 3193987721.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):20-25. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000971.
Quantitative Analysis of Lower Leg Muscle Enhancement Measured From Dynamic Computed Tomographic Angiography for Diagnosis of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease.
Zhou X1,2, Zhang D3, Zhang H3, Lin Z4, Fan X2, Jin Z3.

Author information


Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether quantitative analysis of lower leg muscle enhancement measured from dynamic computed tomographic angiography (dyn-CTA) could be used for diagnosis of peripheral arterial occlusive disease.
METHODS:

Patients (N = 35) with known peripheral arterial occlusive disease underwent the dyn-CTA of calves first. Five minutes later, standard CTA of the peripheral runoff from the diaphragm to the toes was performed. A runoff score was assigned by radiologists as a reference standard for each of 4 lower leg artery segments. The lower leg muscle enhancement measured from the dyn-CTA was analyzed by using quantitative kinetic parameters, including initial enhancement (E1), peak enhancement (Epeak), and enhancement ratio (ER) calculated from average time attenuation curves. In addition, histogram of lower leg muscle enhancement was evaluated by using the first enhanced phase images.
RESULTS:

Lower extremities were diagnosed as a normal group (n = 22) with each vessel segment score equals to 1 or lower and runoff score, 7 or lower, and otherwise as an ischemia group (n = 48). Average ± SD E1 is 91.4% ± 8.5% and 82.3% ± 10.7%, Epeak is 122.7% ± 10.4% and 115.6% ± 11.1%, and ER is 0.75 ± 0.05 and 0.72 ± 0.09 for normal and ischemia group, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that average E1 and Epeak for the ischemia group were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the normal group. The histogram analysis demonstrated that mean and median of muscle enhancement in the ischemia group were significantly smaller (P < 0.05), and coefficient of variation (CV) was significantly larger (P < 0.05) than the normal group. There were weak negative correlations (r = -0.42, P < 0.05) between runoff scores and E1 and Epeak, and weak positive correlation (r = 0.40, P < 0.05) between runoff scores and CV. The receiver operating characteristics analysis between the 2 groups had area under the curve of 0.77 and 0.76 for E1 and CV, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:

Lower leg muscle enhancement measured from the dyn-CTA could be assessed quantitatively to assist diagnosis of ischemia in clinical practice.
PMID: 31939877 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000971

Similar articles


Select item 3193987622.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):13-19. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000965.
Computed Tomography Angiography Combined With Knowledge-Based Iterative Algorithm for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Planning: Image Quality and Radiation Dose Exposure With Low-kV and Low-Contrast-Medium Protocol.
Ippolito D1,2, Riva L1,2, Talei Franzesi C1,2, De Vito A1,2, Cangiotti C1,2, Crespi A3, Corso R1, Sironi S1,4.

Author information


Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate image quality and radiation dose exposure of low-kV setting and low-volume contrast medium (CM) computed tomography angiography (CTA) protocol for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) planning in comparison with standard CTA protocol.
METHODS:

Sixty-patients were examined with 256-row MDCT for TAVI planning: 32 patients (study group) were evaluated using 80-kV electrocardiogram-gated protocol with 60 mL of CM and IMR reconstruction; 28 patients underwent a standard electrocardiogram-gated CTA study (100 kV; 80 mL of CM; iDose4 reconstruction). Subjective and objective image quality was evaluated in each patient at different aortic levels. Finally, we collected radiation dose exposure data (CT dose index and dose-length product) of both groups.
RESULTS:

In study protocol, significant higher mean attenuation values were achieved in all measurements compared with the standard protocol. There were no significant differences in the subjective image quality evaluation in both groups. Mean dose-length product of study group was 56% lower than in the control one (P < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION:

Low-kV and low-CM volume CTA, combined with IMR, allows to correctly performing TAVI planning with high-quality images and significant radiation dose reduction compared with standard CTA protocol.
PMID: 31939876 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000965

Similar articles


Select item 3193987523.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jan/Feb;44(1):7-12. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000951.
Low Radiation Dose and High Image Quality of 320-Row Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Using a Small Dose of Contrast Medium and Refined Scan Timing Prediction.
Shirasaka T1, Nagao M2, Yamasaki Y3, Kojima T1, Kondo M1, Hamasaki H1, Kamitani T3, Kato T1, Asayama Y4.

Author information


Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography with a low kilovoltage peak scan and a refined scan timing prediction using a small contrast medium (CM) dose.
METHODS:

In protocol A, 120-kVp scanning and a standard CM dose were used. The scan timing was fixed. In protocol B, 80 kVp and a 60% CM dose were used. The scan timing was determined according to the interval from the CM arrival to the peak time in the ascending aorta. We measured the CT number and recorded the radiation dose.
RESULTS:

Higher CT numbers were observed in the left circumflex (proximal, P = 0.0235; middle, P = 0.0007; distal, P < 0.0001) in protocol B compared with protocol A. The radiation dose in protocol B was significantly lower than in protocol A (2.2 ± 0.9 vs 4.3 ± 1.7 mSv).
CONCLUSIONS:

Low-contrast, low-radiation dose, high-image quality coronary CT angiography can be performed with low kilovoltage peak scanning and a refined scan timing prediction.
PMID: 31939875 DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000951

Similar articles




Back to top