Abstract Limited women’s health and cancer prevention materials are available that have been validated for vulnerable populations. Such materials are especially important for groups, which have intermittent and typically low-quality healthcare access and are at greatest risk for missing out on women’s health and cancer prevention screening. Health education materials are developed from heterogeneous sources. Clinical and research teams have minimal guidance in terms of sources,...
03:00
Abstract Chinese immigrant for-hire vehicle (FHV) drivers who smoke or smoked are at high risk for lung cancer due to the combined impact of tobacco use and air pollution exposure yet underutilize lung cancer screening (LCS). Community Health Worker (CHW) programs have been effective at improving cancer screening rates. This study describes a community needs assessment to inform the adaptation of an existing CHW intervention to facilitate LCS among Chinese FHV drivers. Interviews...
03:00
The Journal of Antibiotics, Published online: 25 June 2020; doi:10.1038/s41429-020-0340-3Selective cytotoxicity of marine-derived fungal metabolite (3S,6S)-3,6-dibenzylpiperazine-2,5-dione against cancer cells adapted to nutrient starvation
03:00
Animals continuously encounter microorganisms that are essential for health or cause disease. They are thus challenged to control harmful microbes while allowing acquisition of beneficial microbes. This challenge is likely especially important for social insects with respect to microbes in food, as they often store food and exchange food among colony members. Here we show that formicine ants actively swallow their antimicrobial, highly acidic poison gland secretion. The ensuing acidic environment...
Wed Jun 24, 2020 03:00
Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm (FAW), is an important agricultural pest in the Americas and an emerging pest in sub-Saharan Africa, India, East-Asia and Australia, causing damage to major crops such as corn, sorghum and soybean. While FAW larvae are considered polyphagous, differences in diet preference have been described between two genetic variants: the corn strain (sf-C) and the rice strain (sf-R). These two strains are sometimes considered as distinct species, raising the hypothesis...
Wed Jun 24, 2020 03:00
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains widespread in the North American pig population. Despite improvements in virus characterization, it is unclear whether PRRSV infections are a product of viral circulation within a farm, within production systems (local) or across production systems (external). Here we examined the dissemination dynamics of PRRSV and the processes facilitating its spread within and among pig farms in three production systems. Overall, PRRSV genetic...
Wed Jun 24, 2020 03:00
Traces of archaic hominin DNA persist in the human gene pool, but are systematically depleted around genes and other functionally important genomic regions. This suggests that many Neandertal and Denisovan alleles had harmful effects on hybrid fitness. We hypothesized that if some harmful effects were mediated by gene dysregulation in specific tissues, alleles previously flagged as archaic using a conditional random field (CRF) should be depleted from those tissues' regulatory enhancers compared...
Wed Jun 24, 2020 03:00
Dietary restriction increases lifespan in a broad variety of organisms and improves health in humans. However, long-term transgenerational consequences of dietary interventions are poorly understood. Here we investigated the effect of dietary restriction by temporary fasting (TF) on mortality risk, age-specific reproduction and fitness across three generations of descendants in C. elegans. We show that while TF robustly reduces mortality risk and improves late-life reproduction in the parental generation...
Wed Jun 24, 2020 03:00
Limited dispersal results in isolation by distance in spatially structured populations, in which individuals found further apart tend to be less related to each other. Models of populations undergoing short-range dispersal predict a close relation between the distance individuals disperse and the length scale over which two sampled individuals are likely to be closely related. In this work, we study the effect of long jumps on patterns of isolation by distance by replacing the typical short-range...
Wed Jun 24, 2020 03:00
Phylogeographic structure of the dunes sagebrush lizard, an endemic habitat specialist [NEW RESULTS]
Phylogeographic divergence and population genetic diversity within species reflect the impacts of habitat connectivity, demographics, and landscape level processes in both the recent and distant past. Characterizing patterns of differentiation across the geographic range of a species provides insight on the roles of organismal and environmental traits, on evolutionary divergence, and future population persistence. This is particularly true of habitat specialists where habitat availability and resource...
Wed Jun 24, 2020 03:00
Autosomal origins of heterogametic sex chromosomes have been inferred frequently from suppressed recombination and gene degeneration manifested in incompletely differentiated sex chromosomes. However, the initial transition of an autosome region to a proto-sex locus has been not explored in depth. By assembling and analyzing a chromosome-level draft genome, we found a recent (evolved 0.26 million years ago), highly homologous, and dmrt1 containing sex-determination locus with slightly reduced recombination...
Wed Jun 24, 2020 03:00
Background: Body size is a fundamental organismal trait. However, as body size and ecological contexts change across developmental time, evolutionary divergence may cause unexpected patterns of body size diversity among developmental stages. This may be particularly evident in polyphenic developmental stages specialized for dispersal. The dauer larva is such a stage in nematodes, and Caenorhabditis species disperse by traveling on invertebrate carriers. Here, we describe the morphology of the dispersal...
Wed Jun 24, 2020 03:00
Domestication and population differentiation in crops involve considerable phenotypic changes. The logs of these evolutionary paths, including natural/artificial selection, can be found in the genomes of the current populations. However, these profiles have been little studied in tree crops, which have specific characters, such as long generation time and clonal propagation, maintaining high levels of heterozygosity. We conducted exon-targeted resequencing of 129 genomes in the genus Prunus, mainly...
Wed Jun 24, 2020 03:00
Spiroplasma are a group of Mollicutes whose members include plant pathogens, insect pathogens, and endosymbionts of animals. In arthropods, Spiroplasma are found across a broad host range, but typically with lower incidence than other bacteria with similar ecology, such as Wolbachia or Rickettsia. Spiroplasma symbionts of Drosophila are best known as male-killers and protective symbionts, and both phenotypes are mediated by Spiroplasma-encoded toxins. Spiroplasma phenotypes have been repeatedly observed...
Wed Jun 24, 2020 03:00
The abundance of non-transmissible plasmids challenges classical models of plasmid persistence. Costly to maintain and unable to self-propagate to avoid extinction, these plasmids should not exist without selection. And yet, they are the most abundant type of plasmid. Why? Plasmid carriage costs is measured exclusively in terms of growth rate. Here I report that plasmids can also change other traits, but not all changes reflect a 'cost'. Using two constructs of Escherichia coli, with and without...
Wed Jun 24, 2020 03:00
Abstract Objective The purposes of this study were to explore the effect of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on the voice by analyzing the acoustic parameters between patients with OSAHS and those without OSAHS and to compare acoustic analyses performed by two software programs (MDVP and Praat). Methods Patients with OSAHS (n = 75)...
03:00
Abstract Purpose Sleep deficiency is implicated as a risk factor for several systemic conditions. Loss of teeth has a profound effect on the individual’s physiologic and psychologic health and quality of life. This study aimed to assess the association between tooth loss and sleep duration and determine if anterior and/or posterior tooth loss is a significant predictor. ...
03:00
Abstract Purpose This study evaluates the differences in periodic leg movement (PLM) rates for Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and healthy controls when using the updated PLM scoring criteria developed by IRLSSG in 2016 versus the prior PLM scoring criteria developed by IRLSSG in 2006. Four major problems with the prior standards had been objectively identified, i.e. minimum inter-movement interval should be 10 not 5 s, non-PLM leg movements...
03:00
Wed Jun 24, 2020 03:00
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου