Abstract The reproductive success of many insects is considered to be limited by two main factors: the availability of mature eggs to lay (termed egg limitation) and the time to locate suitable hosts (termed time limitation). High host density in the environment is likely to enhance oviposition opportunities, thereby selecting for higher investment in egg supply. In contrast, a shortage of food (e.g., sugar sources) is likely to increase the risk of time limitation, thereby selecting for higher...
Sun Mar 15, 2020 04:32
Abstract Parasites may have strong eco‐evolutionary interactions with their hosts. Consequently, they may contribute to host diversification. The radiation of cichlid fish in Lake Victoria provides a good model to study the role of parasites in the early stages of speciation. We investigated patterns of macroparasite infection in a community of 17 sympatric cichlids from a recent radiation and 2 older species from 2 non‐radiating lineages, to explore the opportunity for parasite‐mediated speciation....
Fri Mar 13, 2020 17:48
Various ecological groups of earthworms very likely constitute sharply isolated niches that might permit speciation of their symbiotic ciliates, even though no distinct morphological features appear to be reco...
Sat Mar 14, 2020 02:00
The family Aegisthidae is known as typical component of deep-sea hyperbenthic waters that gradually colonized other marine environments. The phylogenetic relationships within this family have been examined her...
Sat Mar 14, 2020 02:00
Abstract Objectives Epigenetic mechanisms influence the development and maintenance of complex phenotypes and may also contribute to the evolution of species–specific phenotypes. With respect to skeletal traits, little is known about the gene regulation underlying these hard tissues or how tissue‐specific patterns are associated with bone morphology or vary among species. To begin exploring these topics, this study evaluates one epigenetic mechanism, DNA methylation, in skeletal tissues from...
Sun Mar 15, 2020 01:34
Abstract Objectives To describe and interpret previously unreported marks on the dry cranium of an adult chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) from Côte d'Ivoire at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History (USNM 450071). Materials and Methods All marks on the cranium were documented and assessed through physical examination of the specimen, photography, micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), and 3D laser scanning. Pits and punctures were measured with digital calipers...
Sun Mar 15, 2020 01:34
Abstract Objectives The aim of this study is to understand whether the shape of three sub‐regions of the mandibular corpus (the alveolar arch, corpus at M1 and posterior symphysis) are useful for making taxonomic assessments at the genus and species levels in extant hominids. Materials and Methods We use data taken from 3D surface scans of the mandibular corpus of seven extant hominid taxa: Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Gorilla beringei graueri, Homo sapiens, Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes...
Sat Mar 14, 2020 10:59
Abstract Objectives Variation in primate masticatory form and function has been extensively researched through both morphological and experimental studies. As a result, symphyseal fusion in different primate clades has been linked to either the recruitment of vertically directed balancing‐side muscle force, the timing and recruitment of transversely directed forces, or both. This study investigates the relationship between jaw muscle activity patterns and morphology in extant primates to make...
Sat Mar 14, 2020 10:59
Abstract Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a comparatively rare hematolymphoid neoplasm. Differential diagnosis of this entity has generally been proven to be so difficult that extensive immunohistochemical staining is required to confirm its presence. We herein present a case of HS manifesting as a retroperitoneal mass in which imprint cytology (IC) contributed to the diagnosis. A 77‐year‐old man was referred for the evaluation of a colonic tubulovillous polypoid lesion. Preoperative imaging revealed...
Sun Mar 15, 2020 01:24
Abstract Introduction The Bethesda System for the Reporting of Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) is used to categorize and diagnose thyroid nodules by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Each category in TBSRTC is associated with an estimated risk of malignancy (ROM). A subset of noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (niEFVPTC) was reclassified as a nonmalignant tumor: noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP)....
Sat Mar 14, 2020 11:06
Cepstral measures are sensitive to slightest deviance in voice quality. Vocal fatigue is an initial symptom of a voice disorder. This study aimed (1) to assess the correlation of vocal fatigue and cepstral measures and (2) to identify a measure for analyzing voice change due to vocal fatigue in individuals with hyperfunctional voice disorders.
Sat Mar 14, 2020 02:00
The interaction between muscle tension, posture, and vocal use is very complex as clinical research suggests that abnormal laryngeal posture can be associated with muscle adaptive changes, although specific evidence concerning body posture and voice disorders has been lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify if there were differences in posture, muscle tension and voice between teachers with and without voice complaints.
Sat Mar 14, 2020 02:00
Auditory-perceptual voice analysis is a standard method for quantifying pathological voice quality, but perceptual ratings are based on subjective evaluations and therefore may vary among examiners. Although many acoustic metrics have been studied for potential use in the objective evaluation of pathological voices, the interpretation of acoustic metrics in individual cases is difficult and the technique is not widely used by clinicians. The aim of this study was to establish standardized methods...
Fri Mar 13, 2020 02:00
HPV testing is very sensitive for primary cervical screening but has low specificity. Triage tests which improve specificity but maintain high sensitivity are needed. Women enrolled in the experimental arm of phase 2 of the NTCC randomised controlled cervical screening trial were tested for high risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and referred to colposcopy if positive. hrHPV positive women also had HPV genotyping (by PCR with GP5+/GP6+ primers and reverse line blotting), immunostaining for p16 overexpression...
Sun Mar 15, 2020 00:18
Copy number gains and increased expression levels of cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis protein (cIAP)1 and cIAP2 have been identified in primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tissues. Smac (second mitochondria‐derived activator of caspases) mimetics were designed to antagonize IAP proteins. However, since their effect as single agents is limited, combination treatment represents a strategy for their clinical development. Therefore, we investigated the Smac mimetic BV6 in combination with proteasome...
Sat Mar 14, 2020 09:23
Sat Mar 14, 2020 09:23
Sat Mar 14, 2020 09:23
Controlling adverse events through dose reduction can enhance drug adherence and treatment response. Currently, there is no guide for sorafenib dosing. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sorafenib dosing could affect treatment outcomes. A total of 782 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with sorafenib were evaluated for sorafenib dosing and its modifications via medical records at baseline and regular followed‐up. Study outcomes included progression‐free survival (PFS), overall...
Sat Mar 14, 2020 09:23
DNA copy number alterations (CNA) are frequent in cancer and recently developed CNA signatures revealed their value in molecular tumor stratification for patient prognosis and platinum resistance prediction in ovarian cancer. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are also characterized by high CNA numbers. In this study, we determined CNA in 173 HPV‐negative HNSCC from a Dutch multicenter cohort by low‐coverage whole genome sequencing and tested the prognostic value of seven cancer derived...
Sat Mar 14, 2020 09:23
Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk of reduced bone health and premature osteoporosis. As physical activity with high impact loading (IL‐PA) is known to promote bone health, we compared bone densitometry and microstructure between groups of CCS who performed different amounts of physical activities in their daily life. We used baseline data of a single‐centre PA trial including 161 CCS from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry, aged <16 at diagnosis, ≥16 at study, and ≥ 5 years since diagnosis....
Sat Mar 14, 2020 09:23
The THP‐1 cell line is broadly used as a model for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with MLL fusion and to study monocyte differentiation and function. We studied THP‐1 cells obtained from two major biorepositories. The two cell lines were closely related with a percentage match of short tandem repeat (STR) profiles ranging from 93.75% to 100%, depending on the algorithm used. Nevertheless, we found that the two cell lines presented discordant HLA type, cytogenetic aberrations and AML‐related gene expression...
Fri Mar 13, 2020 10:34
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains as one of the major causes of cancer‐related mortality, despite the recent development of new therapeutic options. Regorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, is the first systemic therapy that has a survival benefit for patients with advanced HCC that have a poor response to sorafenib. Even though regorafenib has been approved by the FDA, the clinical trial for regorafenib treatment does not show significant improvement in overall survival. The impaired efficacy...
Fri Mar 13, 2020 10:34
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) associates with high morbidity and mortality, and serves as a risk factor for PC. This study aimed to assess the association between endoscopically treated CP patients and PC, and to establish the rate of CP among patients undergoing surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We retrospectively analyzed 458 CP patients undergoing endoscopic treatment (ET) between 2000 and 2010 and 349 PDAC patients undergoing pancreatic...
Fri Mar 13, 2020 10:34
ABSTRACT The karyotype of bone‐marrow cells at the time of diagnosis is one of the most important prognostic factors in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In some cases, the acquisition of additional genetic aberrations (clonal evolution, CE) associated with clinical progression may occur during the disease. We analyzed a cohort of 469 MDS patients using a combination of molecular cytogenomic methods to identify cryptic aberrations and to assess their potential role in CE. We confirmed...
Sun Mar 15, 2020 00:02
ABSTRACT The genetic hallmark of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a recurrent WWTR1‐CAMTA1 fusion, which is present in most cases bearing a conventional histology. A subset of cases is characterized by a distinct morphology and harbors instead a YAP1‐TFE3 fusion. Nevertheless, isolated cases lack these canonical fusions and remain difficult to classify. Triggered by an index case of a left atrial mass in a 76‐year‐old female with morphologic features typical of EHE, but which showed an...
Sat Mar 14, 2020 11:59
Abstract Chromosomal translocations and generating fusion genes are closely associated with disease initiation and progression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we identified a novel t(X;17)(q28;q21) chromosomal rearrangement in a patient with acute monocytic leukemia. Using RNA‐sequencing, we identified a KANSL1‐MTCP1 and a KANSL1‐CMC4 fusion gene. 5’‐UTR sequences of the KANSL1 gene were found to become fused upstream of the coding sequence (CDS) region of the MTCP1 and CMC4 genes,...
Fri Mar 13, 2020 19:56
Abstract At present, modeling methods of colorectal cancer with liver metastases have significant limitations. Here, we established orthotopic and ectopic hepatic metastases models using six colorectal cancer cell lines to choose an ideal animal model for studying colorectal cancer growth and liver metastases. Luciferin-expressing six colorectal cancer cell lines were used to induce animal models of colorectal cancer with liver metastases by intra-splenic injection or implantation...
Sat Mar 14, 2020 02:00
Abstract Synchronous multiple gastric cancer (SMGC) was a special type of gastric cancer with relatively low incidence. This article was designed to demonstrate that the total tumor volume (TTV) should be treated as an important prognostic factor in SMGC patients with curative gastrectomy. This study retrospective analyzed 140 SMGC patients who received curative gastrectomy between December 2004 and December 2014 in our hospital. Clinicopathological features, preoperative evaluation,...
Fri Mar 13, 2020 02:00
Abstract Tight junction and gap junction are major cell junctions that play important roles in cellular communication and structural integrity. Alterations of these junctions are known to be involved in cancer pathogenesis. Claudins and connexins are major tight and gap junction proteins, but genetic alterations of these genes have not been reported in gastric (GC) and colorectal cancers (CRC) with microsatellite instability (MSI). Claudin genes CLDN5 and CKDN6, and connexin genes...
Fri Mar 13, 2020 02:00
Abstract The radioresistance of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a critical factor leading to a poor prognosis among patients. The expression of PBX1 is abnormally high in a broad range of human tissues, and this gene plays a key role in tumour proliferation. This research intended to explore the radiosensitization of OSCC by silencing PBX1. The OSCC cell lines KYSE450 and KYSE150 were subjected to PBX1 silencing and/or irradiation (IR). Cell proliferation, colony...
Fri Mar 13, 2020 02:00
Publication date: Available online 13 March 2020Source: Autoimmunity ReviewsAuthor(s): Maria Cristina Petralia, Emanuela Mazzon, Paolo Fagone, Maria Sofia Basile, Vittorio Lenzo, Maria Catena Quattropani, Santo Di Nuovo, Klaus Bendtzen, Ferdinando Nicoletti
Sat Mar 14, 2020 22:41
Publication date: Available online 12 March 2020Source: Autoimmunity ReviewsAuthor(s): Michael Mahler, Laura Martinez-Prat, Jeffrey A. Sparks, Kevin D. Deane
Fri Mar 13, 2020 14:57
Publication date: Available online 12 March 2020Source: Autoimmunity ReviewsAuthor(s): Clémence Thery-Casari, Romain Euvrard, Sabine Mainbourg, Stéphane Durupt, Quitterie Reynaud, Isabelle Durieu, Alexandre Belot, Hervé Lobbes, Natalia Cabrera, Jean-Christophe Lega
Fri Mar 13, 2020 14:57
Publication date: Available online 12 March 2020Source: Autoimmunity ReviewsAuthor(s): Caterina Bodio, Claudia Grossi, Francesca Pregnolato, Ennio Giulio Favalli, Martina Biggioggero, Antonio Marchesoni, Antonella Murgo, Matteo Filippini, Paola Migliorini, Roberto Caporali, Raffaele Pellerito, Francesco Ciccia, Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini, Federico Perosa, Giuseppe Paolazzi, Ivana Hollan, Klaus Bendzten, Pier Luigi Meroni, Maria Orietta Borghi
Fri Mar 13, 2020 14:57
Oncogenesis, Published online: 13 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41389-020-0219-yCell-type-specific role of CHK2 in mediating DNA damage-induced G2 cell cycle arrest
Fri Mar 13, 2020 02:00
Fri Mar 13, 2020 02:00
Oncogenesis, Published online: 12 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41389-020-0217-0The long non-coding RNA PIK3CD-AS2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression via YBX1-mediated suppression of p53 pathway
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
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