Background/Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the outcome of advanced ovarian cancer patients who i) underwent primary surgery followed by carboplatin/paclitaxel–based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab, ii) were in complete response after chemotherapy, iii) and subsequently recurred. Patients and Methods: The hospital records of 138 complete responders after chemotherapy with (n=58) or without (n=80) bevacizumab were reviewed. Results: Both survival after recurrence and overall survival...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
The term ‘uterine STUMP’ (smooth-muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential) is currently used to define a heterogeneous group of uterine tumors distinct from leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas. This rare entity is often characterized by a slow growth and protracted patient survival when compared to leiomyosarcomas but few data are available about its clinical management and outcome. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about uterine STUMP, with a particular focus on cases...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: Elderly patients with metastatic esophageal cancer may benefit from individualized therapies. A tool to predict the survival of such patients with brain metastases was created. Patients and Methods: In 11 elderly patients (≥65 years) receiving whole-brain irradiation (WBI) for brain metastases from esophageal cancer, age, gender, performance status, number of brain metastases, metastases outside the brain, time between cancer diagnosis and WBI, and WBI regimen were evaluated for survival....
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: Since the first description of five pericytomas with the t(7;12)/ACTB-GLI1 fusion gene, only three new tumors were studied by both cytogenetics and molecular techniques. We report here genetic data on another case of this rare tumor. Materials and Methods: Cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Sanger sequencing analyses were performed. Results: The pericytoma carried two structurally rearranged chromosomes:...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of preoperative ultrasound (US) in the assessment of synchronous thyroid nodules in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) for determination of surgical extent. Patients and Methods: A total of 210 consecutive patients who were surgically diagnosed with PTC were included in this study. Synchronous nodules, divided into probably benign and suspicious nodules based on US findings, were correlated with pathologic results...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Aim: We attempted to clarify the role of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and its ligand, troglitazone (TRO) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Materials and Methods: The expression of PPAR gene was examined in 47 human oral SCC tissues and two human oral SCC cell lines, CA9-22 and HSC-4. The effects of TRO on the growth and cell-cycle progression of human oral SCC cells were examined. Results: PPAR mRNA was detected in 20 of 47 oral SCC tissues and two human oral SCC cells....
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: The efficacy of the combination of amrubicin and bevacizumab against advanced non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as a second or third-line treatment, was evaluated. Patients and Methods: Amrubicin was administered for 3 days to patients with previously treated advanced NSCLC, whereas bevacizumab was administered on day 1 of each cycle; this regimen was repeated every 3 weeks. Results: Among the 16 patients, an overall response rate of 12.5% (for two patients) was achieved, and the...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: Uterine leiomyosarcoma (Ut-LMS) is a refractory tumor that repeatedly recurs with hematogenous metastasis, which may be due to the presence of drug-resistant tumor stem cells. Its treatment is limited to surgical procedures. We previously reported that Ut-LMS spontaneously developed in mice deficient in the proteasome component low-molecular mass polypeptide 2 (LMP2). We showed that LMP2 expression was significantly attenuated specifically in human Ut-LMS. The aim of this study was...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Lymphangioma insults in adults are uncommon and the occurrence in the oropharynx is extremely rare. Although disease history and clinical symptoms may help in distinguishing it from malignant tumors, the pathophysiology of lymphangioma via histological examinations should be established for convenient and precise diagnosis. We present a 20-year-old male with lymphangioma in the right oropharynx, and the multiple-angle examination and treatment plan used. The case further emphasizes the need to consider...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and extrahepatic cholangio-carcinoma (eCC) represent two cancer entities with devastating prognoses. Despite recent progress in research and treatment, therapy remains challenging. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to play an important role in metastasis and chemoresistance. Therefore, CSCs may play a promising role as a potential therapeutic target. Materials and Methods: A total of 31 patients (23 PDAC, 8 eCC) were included in the study....
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background: This study aimed to investigate the impact of postoperative complications (PCs) in patients with pathological stage (pStage) II or III gastric cancer (GC) who received adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 after curative surgery. Patients and Methods: Altogether, data for 226 patients were examined retrospectively. The relationship between PCs and clinicopathological features and survival were examined. Results: Recurrence-free survival was significantly worse in the group with PCs than in the...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: We evaluated the influence of smoking on head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), which are in their majority tobacco-driven. Tobacco smoke is expected to influence the expression of ABCG2-transporters involved in multidrug resistance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on ABCG2 expression on HNSCC cells, to demonstrate the adverse effects of cigarette smoke during anticancer treatment in vitro and to assess the prevalence of...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: Previous reports have demonstrated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a risk factor for cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN). Here, the results of these previous studies were comprehensively assessed via a meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: After a database search to select eligible studies, a meta-analysis was performed using a forest plot, followed by an assessment of the heterogeneity and publication bias and a subgroup analysis. Results: Seven studies...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: The role of androgen receptor (AR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development is controversial. Therefore, the translational value of targeting AR in HCC is unknown. Sorafenib, a multiple kinase inhibitor, is the standard therapy for patients with unresectable HCC. This study investigated sorafenib effect on AR in experimental models of HCC. Material and Methods: AR cDNA was introduced into HCC cells and in vitro cell growth and in vivo tumor growth were measured. Sphere cells,...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
We report a case of rapid evolution of polycystic liver disease in a 76-year-old patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who underwent treatment with numerous antineoplastic agents. The aim was to identify a causative etiology for these hepatic cysts of unclear origin. The cystic lesions of the patient were ultimately innumerable and developed rapidly, more than tripling the total liver volume from complete absence over the course of 24 months. The hepatic lesions continued to grow despite an...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Aim: To investigate the association between adiponectin (ADIPOQ) genotypes and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk among Taiwanese. Materials and Methods: Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism was adopted to identify ADIPOQ rs266729, rs2241766 and rs1501299 genotypes among 362 CRC patients and 362 healthy controls. Results: ADIPOQ rs266729 GG genotype (p=0.0075) and G allele (p=0.0061) are associated with a significantly increased CRC risk. There is no differential distribution...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background: Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) activation triggers multiple signaling pathways involved in proliferation and anti-apoptosis in breast cancer (BC). Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry for IGF1R was performed on 50 BC cases; expression was assessed for staining intensity and localization pattern (mixed, membranous, and cytoplasmic) which was correlated to hormone receptor status. Results: Of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) cases, 97.2% were IGF1R+ (48.6% mixed, 43.2%...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an intractable cancer, and causes of its malignant transformation are not well known. Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) is an RNA-editing enzyme that converts adenosine into inosine in double-stranded RNAs potentially involved in malignant development. Materials and Methods: To examine the role of ADAR1 and ADAR2 in MPM, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against ADAR1 or ADAR2 were used. Results: Transfection of siRNA against ADAR2 suppressed...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) for stage II/III esophageal cancer (EC). Patients and Methods: We compared surgical outcomes between MIE and open esohagectomy in EC patients with pStage II/III using the propensity scoring system. Results: Fifty-seven patients were classified into the MIE group and 57 patients into the open esophagectomy (OE) group. The incidence of major complications was similar between the two groups....
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: Temozolomide (TMZ) induces prolonged arrest of human glioma cells in the G2/M phase and inhibition of the G2 checkpoint intensifies the effect of TMZ. These findings suggest that the G2 checkpoint is linked to DNA repair mechanisms. Materials and Methods: To clarify the mechanism of TMZ resistance, we established TMZ-resistant (TR) clones by serial treatment of U87MG cells with TMZ. We evaluated TMZ-induced cell cycle arrest and the effect of various G2 checkpoint inhibitors. Results:...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background: Prognosis of metastatic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is poor and the role of chemotherapy is controversial. There has been no report of metastatic MPNST with a good prognosis without surgery for metastases. Case Report: A 40-year-old man with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-related MPNST on his shoulder with multiple lung metastases visited our hospital. After two cycles of chemotherapy with ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE), the primary lesion and lung metastases...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: Gut microbiota plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its composition in CRC patients can be influenced by ethnicity and tumour genomics. Herein, the aim was to study the possible associations of ethnicity and gene mutations with the gut microbiota in CRC patients. Materials and Methods: Bacterial composition in stool samples of 83 CRC patients and 60 controls from Iran and Finland was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The association of gut microbiota composition...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
In inoperable patients, the management of angiosarcoma of the scalp is challenging. Due to intrinsic, dosimetric and radiobiological properties, proton beam radiotherapy may be an effective and safe option to offer to these difficult-to-cure patients. Here, we report a case of angiosarcoma of the scalp treated successfully with proton beam radiotherapy. Angiosarcoma is a rare malignancy concerning around 2% of soft-tissue sarcomas and 5% of cutaneous soft-tissue sarcomas. Cutaneous angiosarcomas...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: The prognosis of pancreatic cancer has not improved due to its migratory feature and refractory potential to chemo-resistance with absence of effective diagnosis. Despite continuous efforts, its underlying mechanisms of malignant nature remain ambiguous. The objective of this study was to investigate delta-like 1 (DLL1) as a tumor suppressor in the metastasic ability of human pancreatic cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Cellular expression of DLL1 was demonstrated using the GEO...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Aim: To study whether mismatch repair (MMR) status is related to the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CD8 counts in a series of grade 3 endometrial carcinomas. Materials and Methods: The expression of MMR protein PD-L1 and CD8+ cell count were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and related to several clinicopathological parameters. Results: Among 105 endometrial carcinomas, 40% were of endometrioid and 60% of non-endometrioid histology. MMR deficiency was observed in 28.6%...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: Although Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) may be critical to several types of cancers, the function of AhR for carcinogenesis of bladder cancer (BC) is still inconclusive. We, therefore, sought to examine the involvement of AhR in bladder carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: We examined the AhR expression of human BC and N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-induced bladder carcinogenesis in AhR-deficient mice. Results: There was a significantly higher expression of AhR in non-muscle-invasive...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: Primary sarcomas of the lung (PSL) represent a rare, largely unknown entity. We herein present a retrospective study of 26 patients diagnosed with PSL. Patients and Methods: For a period of 10 years, the records of patients from 5 centers were gathered and analyzed. Results: Median age at diagnosis was 61.96 years (range=31-75 years). Eight patients (33.33%) had mediastinal node invasion (MNI). From 17 patients (70.83%) with localized disease, 11 patients (64.70%) underwent surgery....
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: Optimal surgical margins, parenchymal-sparing technique and the effect of the surgical devices on the liver resection surface are currently hot topics. The aim of this study was to set up a surviving animal model to detect histological changes on the resection surface induced by the resection method and the thermal effect of monopolar electrocautery in ‘spray mode’. Materials and Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats were used; all rats were subjected to standardized liver resection...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Aim: To compare the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic colectomy (LAC) with Japanese D3 dissection for descending colon cancer (DCC) with those of open colectomy (OC). Patients and Methods: Seventy-two patients who underwent OC or LAC with D3 dissection for clinical stage II/III DCC between September 2002 and June 2019 were evaluated in terms of short-term outcomes. The long-term outcomes of the 59 patients who underwent surgery between September 2002 and June 2016 were evaluated. Results: Twenty-six...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: Ring finger protein 126 (RNF126) belongs to the family of RING E3 ubiquitin ligases. Although RNF126 has been reported to be overexpressed in several cancers, the role of RNF126 in gastric cancer remains unclear. Materials and Methods: We investigated the RNF126 expression in 170 primary gastric cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry, and explored its prognostic impact. The effect of the RNF126 expression on the proliferation of cancer cells was evaluated in vitro. Results: The RNF126...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background: Brain metastases from breast cancer have poor prognosis and are a challenge to treat. Multiple treatment options are available. Descriptive and prognostic data on breast cancer brain metastases is limited. Patients and Methods: This study analyzed clinical data of patients who underwent surgical resection of one or more brain metastases. Histological and clinical characteristics, as well as treatment modalities, were analyzed. Results: Initial tumor stage or grade was found not to correlate...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/aim: As metastasis accounts for most breast cancer (BC)-related deaths, identifying key players becomes research priority. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15), a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is affected by the actin cytoskeleton and has been associated with cancer. However, its exact role in BC cell invasiveness is vague. Materials and Methods: GDF15 short-hairpin (shRNA)-mediated silencing was used to inhibit GDF15 expression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 BC...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
The majority of patients receiving chemotherapy experience post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment, sometimes referred to as "chemo brain" or "chemo fog." The cognitive impairment associated with this syndrome can be severe, and can sometimes last for many years after therapy discontinuation. Despite extensive investigations, its etiology is unknown. We argue that chemo brain results from damage to tubulin within microtubules. This damage can occur directly from tubulin inhibitors such as taxanes,...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: Cancer cells are frequently exposed to microenvironmental stresses, including amino acid deprivation and hypoxia, which are often targeted for cancer therapy. Here, we examined the effect of hypoxia in cysteine-deprived breast cancer cells and the mechanism to counteract the hypoxia effect. Materials and Methods: Cell death was determined by annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. Expression of mRNAs and proteins was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: Sessile serrated polyps without dysplasia (SSPND) are characterized by crypts with serrated epithelium, albeit with irregular, corrupted shapes (CCS). Patients and Methods: Cell proliferation was explored in the CCS from 60 SSPND and in the crypts from 12 normal colons. Sections were immuno-stained with the Ki-67 proliferation-cell (PC) marker, and with the p53 tumour-suppressor gene. Results: Three predominant PC-phenotypes were found in the CCS from the 60 SSPND: 44 (73.3%) exhibited...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the efficacy of the combination of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors with other inhibitors for the treatment of ALK-positive lymphomas. This approach is predicted to be an alternative way for suppressing ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Materials and Methods: We treated ALK-positive ALCL cell lines, KARPAS-299 and SU-DHL-1, with the ALK inhibitor alectinib and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus....
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: Recent studies suggested that patients with oligometastases have a better prognosis compared with those who have widespread dissemination. In both groups, radiotherapy is a commonly applied treatment. Patient-reported symptoms might depend on the burden of disease. Possibly, oligometastatic patients report lower scores for symptoms, such as fatigue or reduced appetite, which tend to worsen as the disease progresses to a later stage. Therefore, we analyzed the symptom scores in two...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: Niclosamide is an antihe-minthic drug that has shown cytotoxic effects on non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the anti-tumour activity of niclosamide in NSCLC cancer cells remains to be defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor activity of niclosamide in human A549 and CL1-5 non-small cell lung cancer cells using in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: We investigated the effects of niclosamide on cell viability,...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
Background/Aim: This study aimed to determine whether a pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy (PPAL) improves survival compared with a pelvic lymphadenectomy (PL) in patients with endometrial cancer. Patients and Methods: Data from all women operated for endometrial cancer between 1998 and 2013 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. Women treated with PL were matched with those treated with PPAL according to age and risk of recurrence. The primary endpoint was...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 12:40
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