Abstract The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings was requested to evaluate 31 flavouring substances assigned to the Flavouring Group Evaluation 72 (FGE.72), using the Procedure as outlined in the Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000. Twenty‐three substances have already been considered in FGE.72 and FGE.72Rev1 ([FL‐no: 02.011, 02.012, 02.027, 02.029, 02.058, 02.076, 02.109, 05.020, 05.021, 05.124, 05.148, 05.169, 08.036, 08.044, 08.047, 08.055, 08.064, 08.070, 08.079, 09.273, 09.408,...
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Background High‐risk human papillomavirus–positive (hrHPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas comprise a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) with a distinct biology and prognosis. Commonly, the diagnosis of HNSCC is rendered on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). Because cell blocks may be insufficient for determining HPV status using microscopy‐based techniques, the ability of liquid‐based assays was examined in the current study. Methods The performance of the Roche...
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Zusammenfassung Die Radiotherapie, und hier insbesondere die Ganzhautbestrahlung mit Elektronen (total skin electron beam therapy; TSEB), ist eine der wichtigsten Säulen in der Therapie kutaner T‐Zell‐Lymphome (cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma; CTCL). Wegen ihres günstigen Toxizitätsprofils erfährt die niedrig dosierte TSEB derzeit viel Aufmerksamkeit. Die Gesamt‐Ansprechraten unter TSEB können bis zu 95 % erreichen, auch wenn die Dauer des Ansprechens meist nur kurz ist. Es wurden bislang nur wenige Studien...
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Zusammenfassung Ichthyosen sind eine Gruppe genetisch bedingter Verhornungsstörungen, welche sich in den unterschiedlichsten Ausprägungen zeigen können. Man unterscheidet zwischen den häufigen hereditären Ichthyosen (Ichthyosis vulgaris und X‐chromosomale Ichthyose), die meist im ersten Lebensjahr manifest werden und den seltenen, manchmal schwerwiegenden, kongenitalen Ichthyosen. Dazu zählen die autosomal‐rezessiven kongenitalen Ichthyosen. Bei sehr milden Formen ist den Betroffenen häufig das...
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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Bezeichnung hereditäres Angioödem (HAE) steht für eine Gruppe genetischer Erkrankungen mit rezidivierenden, schmerzhaften und potenziell lebensbedrohlichen Gewebeschwellungen. Die häufigste Variante des HAE entsteht durch Mutationen im SERPING1‐Gen, die zu einer eingeschränkten Funktion des Komplement‐1‐Inhibitors (C1‐INH) führen. Seltenere Formen mit normaler Funktion des C1‐INH können durch Mutationen im Gen für den Gerinnungsfaktor F12 ausgelöst werden, oft...
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Summary Actinic keratoses (AK) are common lesions in light‐skinned individuals that can potentially progress to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Both conditions may be associated with significant morbidity and constitute a major disease burden, especially among the elderly. To establish an evidence‐based framework for clinical decision making, the guideline “actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma” was developed using the highest level of methodology (S3) according to regulations...
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Zusammenfassung Aktinische Keratosen (AK) sind häufige Hautveränderungen bei hellhäutigen Menschen mit dem Potenzial, in ein kutanes Plattenepithelkarzinom (PEK) überzugehen. Beide Erkrankungen können mit erheblicher Morbidität verbunden sein und stellen eine große Krankheitslast insbesondere in der älteren Bevölkerung dar. Um eine evidenzbasierte, klinische Entscheidungsfindung zu unterstützen, wurde die Leitlinie “Aktinische Keratose und Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut” auf der Methodikebene S3...
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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Kombination von chronischer Veneninsuffizienz (CVI) und peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) tritt mit zunehmendem Lebensalter immer häufiger auf. Während es für Kompressionsbandagen spezielle Bandagensysteme für diese Patientengruppe gibt, gab es dies für die Kompressionsbestrumpfung dieser Patienten bislang nicht. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde daher die Sicherheit und Effektivität eines speziell für diese Patientengruppe konstruierten Kompressionsstrumpfes...
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Zusammenfassung Die lymphomatoide Papulose (LyP) zeichnet sich durch eine klinische Polymorphie der Läsionen in Form von Erythemen, Papeln, Pusteln, Vesikeln, Plaques, Knoten und Ulzerationen aus. Für den biologischen Verlauf ist in der Regel eine spontane Rückbildung der Morphen typisch. Gleichzeitig jedoch entsprechen die histopathologischen Befunde der LyP einem kutanen T‐Zell‐Lymphom. Die 10‐Jahres‐Überlebensrate ist mit über 90 % jedoch ungewöhnlich hoch, wenn keine Assoziation mit einer anderen...
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Abstract Background Metastatic head and neck cancers (HNCs) predominantly affect the lungs and have a two‐year overall survival (OS) of 15% to 50%, if amenable for pulmonary metastasectomy. Methods Retrospective review of the two‐year local control (LC), local‐regional control (LRC) within the same lobe, OS, and toxicity rates in consecutive patients with metastatic pulmonary HNC who underwent stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) January 2007 to May 2018. Results Evaluated...
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Abstract The effect of preoperative external radiotherapy (XRT) on head and neck free‐flap reconstruction is still controversial. In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of preoperative XRT on the outcomes of head and neck microvascular free‐flap reconstruction. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted in concordance with the Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses protocol. We searched several databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) to find published papers...
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Abstract The indications for external beam radiotherapy (RT) in differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) are still undefined. The objective of this study was to synthesize current evidence defining the role of postoperative RT in patients with DTC. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were done. Included studies compared oncologic outcomes and toxicity of RT vs no RT in patients with DTC. Nine studies were included, two prospective and seven retrospective cohorts. RT improved 5‐year locoregional...
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Abstract Background Lesions of the upper parapharyngeal space (UPPS) present a surgical challenge. The objective of this study was to ascertain the feasibility of a novel technique of modified transpterygoid approach to the UPPS. Methods Six fresh cadaveric specimens (12 sides) were dissected, developing a technique that includes en bloc mobilization of the lateral pterygoid plate and muscle to access the UPPS. Results Following an endoscopic Denker's approach and the removal...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 13:26
Global incidence of and trends in intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from 1993 to 2012
Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ECCs) are highly lethal bile duct tumors. Their incidence can be difficult to estimate because of changes in cancer coding over time. No studies to date have examined their global incidence and trends with high‐quality topography‐ and histology‐specific cancer registry data. Therefore, this study examined ICC and ECC incidence with the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus database. Methods Regional...
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Background Imaging of glioblastoma patients after maximal safe resection and chemoradiation commonly demonstrates new enhancements that raise concerns about tumor progression. However, in 30% to 50% of patients, these enhancements primarily represent the effects of treatment, or pseudo‐progression (PsP). We hypothesize that quantitative machine learning analysis of clinically acquired multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) can identify subvisual imaging characteristics to provide robust,...
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Background Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV‐16) E6 seropositivity is a promising early marker of human papillomavirus–driven oropharyngeal cancer (HPV‐OPC), yet more sensitive imaging modalities are needed before screening is considered. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of transcervical sonography (TCS) for detecting clinically apparent HPV‐OPC in comparison with computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. Methods Fifty‐one patients with...
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Background Few studies have adequately addressed long‐term survival (>20 years from diagnosis) among survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers. Methods In this retrospective, population‐based cohort study in a US integrated health care system, the authors examined cause‐specific mortality in 2‐year survivors of AYA cancers (patients aged 15‐39 years who were diagnosed between 1990 and 2012; N = 10,574) matched (by age, sex, and calendar year) to individuals without cancer...
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Background The optimal treatment for advanced leiomyosarcoma is still debated. Given histotype‐specific prospective controlled data lacking, this study retrospectively evaluated doxorubicin plus dacarbazine, doxorubicin plus ifosfamide, and doxorubicin alone as first‐line treatments for advanced/metastatic leiomyosarcoma treated at European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group (EORTC‐STBSG) sites. Methods The inclusion criteria were a confirmed...
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The testicular spread of renal cell carcinoma is extremely rare. Five cases of renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the testis are described. The patients ranged from 45 to 81 years of age. Four of the five patients had known renal cell carcinoma. The time intervals between the partial and radical nephrectomies for the primary kidney tumors and the occurrence of testicular metastases ranged from 29 to 34 months. In one patient, the testicular mass was the initial presentation leading to a diagnosis...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 17:50
Many studies have focused on global hypomethylation or hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, but less is known about the impact of promoter hypomethylation of oncogenes. We previously showed that promoter methylation may gradually increase or decrease during the transition from gastric mucosa (GM) to intestinal metaplasia (IM) to gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we focused on regional CpG hypomethylation of the promoter‐proximal DNA of the transcription factor ONECUT2 (OC2) in IM and GC...
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Immunotherapeutic modalities are currently revolutionizing cancer treatment. In pancreatic cancer, however, early clinical trials have been disappointing. The optimization of immunotherapeutic strategies requires better understanding of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a detailed in situ description of lymphocyte infiltration patterns in resected pancreatic and other periampullary cancers. Multiplexed immunofluorescence imaging was applied...
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Objectives: Due to interaural frequency mismatch, bilateral cochlear-implant (CI) users may be less able to take advantage of binaural cues that normal-hearing (NH) listeners use for spatial hearing, such as interaural time differences and interaural level differences. As such, bilateral CI users have difficulty segregating competing speech even when the target and competing talkers are spatially separated. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of spectral resolution, tonotopic mismatch...
Mon Mar 02, 2020 02:00
Background: Evidence from motor and visual studies suggests that the ability to generalize learning gains to untrained conditions decreases as the training progresses. This decrease in generalization was suggested to reflect a shift from higher to lower levels of neuronal representations of the task following prolonged training. In the auditory modality, however, the few studies that tested the influence of prolonging training on generalization ability showed no decrease and sometimes even an...
Mon Mar 02, 2020 02:00
Game on! (Ales Nesetril via Unsplash/)As most true gamers know, a powerful console is just a nice starting point. To get the most out of your PlayStation 4, you need to bring in add-ons and mods like a street racer that could turn a Toyota Corolla into a speed demon.To start amping up your PS4 experience, we recommend the following accessories, which include charging stations, cooling fans, and memory drives.The fantastic 4. (Amazon/)The game console has evolved into a multimedia entertainment center,...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 23:29
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