The Risk Assessment Program (RAP) at Fox Chase Cancer Center (Philadelphia, PA) is a multi-generational prospective cohort, enhanced for personal and family history of cancer, consisting of over 10,000 individuals for whom data on personal and family history of cancer, risk factors, genetic and genomic data, health behaviors, and biospecimens are available. The RAP has a broad research agenda including the characterization of genes with known or potential relevance to cancer, gene–gene and gene–environment...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 10:05
Daily dosing of either NSAIDs or EGFR inhibitors has been shown to prevent bladder cancer development in a N-butyl-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (OH-BBN)-induced rat model. However, these inhibitors cause gastrointestinal ulceration and acneiform rash, respectively, limiting their continuous use in a clinical prevention setting. We studied chemopreventive efficacy of pulsatile dosing of EGFR inhibitor erlotinib (42 mg/kg BW, once/week) combined with intermittent or continuous low doses of the NSAID...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 10:05
The discovery of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) more than three decades ago not only enhanced our understanding of how colorectal tumors form, but provided new opportunities to detect lesions prior to adenoma development and intervene in the colorectal carcinogenesis process even earlier. Because not all ACF progress to neoplasia, it is important to stratify these lesions based on the presence of dysplasia and establish early detection methods and interventions that specifically target dysplastic ACF...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 10:05
Prior small reports have postulated a link between gastrointestinal polyposis and childhood and young adulthood cancer (CYAC) treatment (therapy-associated polyposis; TAP), but this remains a poorly understood phenomenon. The aim of this study was to describe the phenotypic spectrum of TAP in a multi-institutional cohort. TAP cases were identified from eight high-risk cancer centers. Cases were defined as patients with ≥10 gastrointestinal polyps without known causative germline alteration or hereditary...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 10:05
The Appalachian region experiences higher incidence and mortality due to cervical cancer compared with other regions of the United States. The goal of the Ohio State University Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD), called the Community Awareness Resources and Education (CARE) project, was to understand reasons for this disparity. The first wave (2003–2008) of funding included three projects focusing on the known risk factors for cervical cancer, lack of screening, smoking,...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 10:05
The United States is home to 47 million foreign-born individuals, which currently represents over 14% of the U.S. population. With greater length of U.S. residence, immigrants experience increased risk for chronic disease including selected cancers; yet, they are less likely to access preventive health care services and undergo cancer screening. As a result, there have been concerted efforts to address disparities in cancer screening in immigrant populations. This minireview describes current progress...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 10:05
See all articles in this Special Collection Honoring Paul F. Engstrom, MD, Champion of Cancer Prevention
Wed Mar 04, 2020 10:05
The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a genetically informed biomarker of rate of nicotine metabolism, has been validated as a tool to select the optimal treatment for individual smokers, thereby improving treatment outcomes. This review summarizes the evidence supporting the development of the NMR as a biomarker of individual differences in nicotine metabolism, the relationship between the NMR and smoking behavior, the clinical utility of using the NMR to personalize treatments for smoking cessation,...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 10:05
The Journal of Antibiotics, Published online: 04 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41429-020-0288-3Screening for potent and selective anticlostridial leads among FDA-approved drugs
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
The Journal of Antibiotics, Published online: 04 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41429-020-0290-9Steffimycin E, a new anti-mycobacterial agent against Mycobacterium avium complex, produced by Streptomyces sp. OPMA02852
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
Purpose: To report the case of a patient with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing pituitary adenoma who developed a mental disorder after initial surgery that kept him from undergoing scheduled follow-up visits and who ultimately had a giant recurrent tumor that resulted in blindness. Case Report: A 37-year-old male presented with the primary complaint of decreased visual acuity (VA) in both eyes and visual field defects. Visual field examination revealed bitemporal hemianopia. Magnetic...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 09:58
Abstract Objectives To compare two ridge preservation techniques and spontaneous healing in terms of soft tissue thickness, contour changes and soft tissue handling two months after tooth extraction. Methods Thirty‐six patients were included with buccal bone plate dehiscences of up to 50% after single‐tooth extraction in the esthetic zone. They were randomly assigned to receive one of three procedures: a deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DBBM‐C) covered with a...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 09:57
Abstract Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WWS) is a rare disorder characterized by hypotonia, postnatal growth restriction, striking facial dysmorphism, and hirsutism. It is caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in KMT2A. This gene has an established role in histone methylation, which explains the overlap of WWS with syndromes caused by genes involved in chromatin remodeling. We describe an infant with a novel single base pair deletion in KMT2A with features consistent with WWS, as well as additional...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 09:48
Abstract Purpose of Review In recent decades, food allergy has become an increasing concern for families, clinicians, and policymakers. This review aims to summarize what is currently known about the epidemiology and population-level burden of IgE-mediated food allergy, including its effects on quality of life. Recent Findings Prevalence...
Fri Feb 14, 2020 02:00
Only DFAM individuals showed intestinal parasite infections and their parasite loads were correlated with the number of grooming partners they had, suggesting an association between grooming and infection transfer. High “confident” individuals in DFAM landscape spent more time foraging for prey. Abstract Individual behavioral differences may influence how animals cope with altered environments. Depending on their behavioral traits, individuals may thus vary in how their health is affected by environmental...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 09:37
Authors: Huan-Huan Zhou, Xin-Li Zheng, Tian-Ming Ma, Meng Qi, Jing-Guo Zhou, Hai-Ju Liu, Gang Lu and Wei Zhao.<br />Parasite Vol. 27 , page 12<br />Published online: 04/03/2020<br /> Keywords: Enterocytozoon bieneusi ; Genotype ; ITS region ; Pigs.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/edp_parasite/~4/XQcaTv_S7Mo" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
Abstract Objective This study examined the impact of a survivorship planning consultation (SPC) for patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) on quality of life (QOL). We specifically assessed two potential moderators, cancer worry and perceived empathy, of the intervention effects on QOL. Methods This cluster randomized, four‐site trial examined the efficacy of a SPC; physicians received communication skills training and applied these skills...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 08:41
Abstract Objective We examined the risk of suicide attempts in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) in comparison with that in the general population and in patients of other cancers (including all other cancers rather than HNC). Methods The definition of suicide attempt here is that an attempt of suicide with or without completed suicide. This retrospective cohort study consisted of 66 931 cases of HNC and individual without HNC from the general population assigned to the control...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 08:41
Abstract Purpose Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is the rupture of multiple axons due to acceleration and deceleration forces during a closed head injury. Most traumatic brain injuries (TBI) have some degree of DAI, especially severe TBI. Computed tomography (CT) remains the first imaging test performed in the acute phase of TBI, but has low sensitivity for detecting DAI, since DAI is a cellular lesion. The aim of this study is to search...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
Abstract Rationale The rapid-onset and long-lasting antidepressant properties of ketamine have prompted investigations into a variety of agents that target N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). According to the literature, ifenprodil (a GluN2B-containing NMDAR antagonist) can potentiate the antidepressant-like effects of certain antidepressant drugs in mice. Here, we report that a...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
Abstract Objective To assess the association of public health parameters with the regional variation in the initial treatment for prostate cancer. Methods We used data from German epidemiologic cancer registries for the years 2009–2013. Presence of a certified cancer center, a radiotherapy and/or urology institution, the district-specific GDP, and...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
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