Abstract Background Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential mineral for human. Hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemia cause rickets/osteomalacia and ectopic calcification, respectively, indicating that serum Pi level needs to be regulated. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 is a principal hormone to regulate serum Pi level. FGF23 is produced by the bone, especially by the osteoblasts and osteocytes, and works by binding to FGF receptor...
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Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
Central nervous system tumors remain the leading cause of cancer-related mortality amongst children with solid tumors, with medulloblastoma (MB) representing the most common pediatric brain malignancy. Despite...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
Clinically: young female patient with short history of drowsiness, but unconscious.MRI brain shows bilateral fronto parietal, temporo parietal cortical T2 hyperintensity with restricted diffusion. Lab report mentions Patient’s serum ammonia was high.Imaging diagnosis: Hyperammonaemia.DDs:Differential diagnosis considered were Posterior reversible encephalopathy, CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). Possibility of posterior reversible encephalopathy, PRES was ruled out as blood pressure was normal and...
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Clinically: 35 year old female with sudden onset slurred speech since two days with associated giddiness, fever.On neurological examination there was facial Palsy. No signs of internuclear ophthalmoplegia.MRI BRAIN shows:Bilateral symmetric abnormal T2 hyperintensity with mild focal parenchymal swelling involving dorsum of Pons at the floor of fourth ventricle.Area of involvement corresponds to facial colliculus.Imaging wise differential diagnosis:Bilateral facial colliculus syndrome due to demyelinating...
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Abstract Bat guano is an important source of microbial diversity in caves and can be a source of potential pathogens. Laemostenus (Pristonychus) punctatus is a guanophilic ground beetle species, which pygidial gland secretion exhibits action against pathogenic and other microbes. The distribution and diversity of microbes in bat guano from a karstic cave were determined in this study. Additionally, antimicrobial activity of the pygidial gland secretion of L. (P.) punctatus against...
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Abstract Vanillin is a popular flavoring compound and an important food additive. Owing to the consumer preference for inexpensive natural aroma flavors, vanillin production through a biotechnological pathway has become of great interest and commercial value in recent years. In this study, an enzymatic synthetic system for vanillin using a coenzyme-independent decarboxylase (FDC) and oxygenase (CSO2) cascade was reconstituted and optimized. This system produces a slightly higher...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
Abstract Lactobacillus species are attractive hosts for the expression of heterologous proteins, antigens, vaccines, and drugs due to their GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status. The bioengineering techniques open new possibilities of improving Lactobacillus strains. In this regard, the control of the gene expression in Lactobacillus strains through the adequate native or engineered promoters acquires a key role in the development of biotechnological applications and for...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
On April 1, 2020, the Trump administration plans to implement the first in a series of three proposed changes to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the federal safety-net program formerly known as "food stamps." More than 36 million Americans, the majority of whom are extremely…
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
The known risk factors of childhood OSAS include tonsillar and adenoidhypertrophy, obesity, craniofacial anomalies, neuromuscular disorders and African-American (AA) ancestry. Whether other factors such as all...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Wed Mar 04, 2020 14:09
Analysis of patient-derived DNA samples has identified hundreds of variants that are likely involved in neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). While these studies couple behavioral phenotypes to individual genotypes, the sheer number and diversity of candidate genes implicated in these disorders highlights the fact that the mechanistic underpinnings of these disorders remain to be discovered. Here, we describe a RNAi-based screening platform that...
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Long interspersed element-1 retrotransposons (LINE-1 or L1) are ~6 kb mobile DNA elements implicated in the origins of many Mendelian and complex diseases. The actively retrotransposing L1s are mostly limited to the L1 human specific (L1Hs) transcriptional active (Ta) subfamily. In this manuscript, we present REBELseq as a method for the construction of Ta subfamily L1Hs-enriched next-generation sequencing libraries and bioinformatic identification. REBELseq was performed on DNA isolated from NeuN+...
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Simple sugars are the essential foundation to plant life, and thus, their production, utilization, and storage are highly regulated processes with many complex genetic controls. Despite their importance, many of the genetic and biochemical mechanisms remain unknown or uncharacterized. Sorghum, a highly productive, diverse C4 grass important for both industrial and subsistence agricultural systems, has considerable phenotypic diversity in the accumulation of nonstructural sugars in the stem. We use...
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Epigenomic changes have been considered a potential missing link underlying phenotypic variation in quantitative traits but is potentially confounded with the underlying DNA sequence variation. Although the concept of epigenetic inheritance has been discussed in depth, there have been few studies attempting to directly dissect the amount of epigenomic variation within inbred natural populations while also accounting for genetic diversity. By using known genetic relationships between Brachypodium...
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Rheumatoid arthritis is characterised by a chronic inflammatory response resulting in destruction of the joint and significant pain. Although a range of treatments are available to control disease activity in RA, bone destruction and joint pain exist despite suppression of inflammation. This study is aimed at assessing the effects of parthenolide (PAR) on paw inflammation, bone destruction, and pain-like behaviour in a mild collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) mouse model. CAIA was induced...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 07:35
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related coronaviruses (e.g., 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV) are phylogenetically distantly related, but both are capable of infecting human hosts via the same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and cause similar clinical and pathological features, suggesting their phenotypic convergence. Yet, the molecular basis that underlies their phenotypic convergence remains unknown. Here, we used a recently developed molecular...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
We derive how directional and disruptive selection operate on scalar traits in heterogeneous group-structured populations for a general class of models. In particular, we assume that each group in the population can be in one of a finite number of states, where states can affect group size and/or other environmental variables, at a given time. Using up to second-order perturbation expansions of the invasion fitness of a mutant allele, we derive expressions for the directional and disruptive selection...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
Since all forms of mimicry are based on perceptual deception, the sensory ecology of the intended receiver is of paramount importance to test the necessary precondition for mimicry to occur, i.e. model-mimic misidentification, and to gain insight in the origin and evolutionary trajectory of the signals. Here we test the potential for aggressive mimicry by a group of coral reef fishes, the color polymorphic Hypoplectrus hamlets, from the point of view of their most common prey, small epibenthic gobies...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
A major evolutionary transition in individuality, at any level of the biological hierarchy, occurs when groups become capable of participating in Darwinian processes as units of selection. Identifying transitions in individuality can be problematic because apparent selection at one level of the biological hierarchy may be a by-product of selection occurring at another level. Here we discuss various approaches to this 'levels-of-selection' problem, drawing attention to the futility of designating...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
The Amazon and neighboring South American river basins harbor the world's most diverse assemblages of freshwater fishes. One of the most prominent South American fish families are the Serrasalmidae (pacus and piranhas), found in nearly every continental basin. Serrasalmids are keystone ecological taxa, being some of the top riverine predators as well as the primary seed dispersers in the flooded forest. Despite their widespread occurrence and notable ecologies, serrasalmid evolutionary history and...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of mutation plays a central role in constraining protein evolution. The underlying mechanisms by which mutations lead to fitness effects are typically attributed to changes in protein specific activity or abundance. Here, we reveal the importance of a mutation's collateral fitness effects, which we define as effects that do not derive from changes in the protein's ability to perform its physiological function. We comprehensively measured the collateral fitness...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
The wild maize, commonly known as teosinte, has a wide distribution and is abundant in Mexico. Previous reports indicate that the environmental conditions are determinant in the distribution and amount of genetic diversity. In this work, we used a set of neutral markers in a large number of samples and localities to explore the influence on genetic diversity of historical environmental shifts. We genotyped 527 individuals from 29 localities using a set of 22 microsatellites. We found high levels...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
We are currently witnessing a major epidemic caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The evolution of 2019-nCoV remains elusive. We found 4 insertions in the spike glycoprotein (S) which are unique to the 2019-nCoV and are not present in other coronaviruses. Importantly, amino acid residues in all the 4 inserts have identity or similarity to those in the HIV-1 gp120 or HIV-1 Gag. Interestingly, despite the inserts being discontinuous on the primary amino acid sequence, 3D-modelling of the...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
Splenectomy is sometimes necessary after abdominal trauma, but splenectomized patients are at risk of sepsis due to impaired immunological functions.
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
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British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 05 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0773-2miR-27a is a master regulator of metabolic reprogramming and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer
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Approximately 8% of children have food allergy. Yet, little is known about how parents cope with the burden of this disease.
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
Chest wall sarcomas are rare. Resection and reconstruction pose significant anatomical and functional challenges. We present our experience of managing these tumours as plastic surgeons working within a specialist sarcoma MDT.
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
Laryngo-Rhino-OtolDOI: 10.1055/a-1114-6452 Hintergrund Das Neugeborenen-Hörscreening wurde in Deutschland mit dem Jahr 2009 eingeführt. Eine Evaluation des primären Hörscreenings auf der Ebene der Geburtskliniken war bereits bei dessen Einführung vorgesehen. Dieser Beschluss bezog jedoch nicht die nachfolgenden Untersuchungen ein, sodass bisher kaum Evaluationsstudien über die pädaudiologische Konfirmationsdiagnostik von im Hörscreening initial auffälligen Kindern vorliegen. ...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 01:00
Laryngo-Rhino-OtolDOI: 10.1055/a-1119-6753Die nachhaltige Integration von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund ist aktueller denn je. Dabei steht die Bedeutung der Sprache als zentraler Aspekt außer Diskussion. Im Jahr 2018 waren in Hessen ca. 1 091 000 Personen mit nicht deutscher Staatsangehörigkeit registriert. Insgesamt zeigt damit jeder dritte Hesse Migrationshintergrund, im Vorschulalter sogar jeder zweite. Die Tendenz ist angesichts der anhaltenden Einwanderung und der höheren Geburtenrate in...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 01:00
Exp Clin Endocrinol DiabetesDOI: 10.1055/a-1107-2657 Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) promotes the development of atherosclerosis and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) assays fundamentally improved the diagnosis of myocardial injury and even enable the prediction of future cardiovascular events in the general population. However, data about the association of hs-cTnI with cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima media...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 01:00
Exp Clin Endocrinol DiabetesDOI: 10.1055/a-1108-1419Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a group of genetic autosomal recessive disorders that affects adrenal steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortex. One of the most common defects associated with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is the deficiency of 21-hydroxylase enzyme, responsible for the conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone to 11-deoxycortisol and progesterone to deoxycorticosterone. The impairment of cortisol and aldosterone production is directly...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 01:00
Abstract MALAT1 is an oncogenic lncRNA that has been found to promote carcinogenesis and metastasis in many tumors. However, the underlying role of MALAT1 in the progression and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, aberrantly elevated levels of MALAT1 were detected in both HCC specimens and cell lines. We found that knockdown of MALAT1 caused retardation in proliferation, migration and invasion both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic investigations showed...
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Abstract There is increasing evidence that BMPs are involved in the proliferation and drug tolerance of kidney cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of BMP8A in renal cell proliferation and drug tolerance is not clear. Here we showed that BMP8A was highly expressed in renal cell carcinoma and suggests a poor prognosis of ccRCC, promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis detected by CCK‐8 assay and Trypan Blue Staining, flow cytometry and bioluminescence. BMP8A promoted resistance...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 08:09
J Neurol Surg BDOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3402797 Objectives We illustrate endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy for the Chiari-I malformation respecting craniovertebral junction (CVJ) stability. Design Case report of a 12-year-old girl affected by the Chiari-I malformation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed tonsillar herniation, basilar invagination, and dental retroversion, causing angulation and compression of the bulbomedullary junction. Patient underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 01:00
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