Prevalence of selected dental anomalies among a sample of school children in Tanta Amira Mostafa Mostafa, Nahed A. Abo Hamila, Ahmed E. El-Desoky Tanta Dental Journal 2020 17(1):1-8 Objective To determine the prevalence of selected developmental anomalies among a sample of Tanta school children. Patients and methods This study was conducted on 3020 healthy Egyptian children (1510 boys and 1510 girls) aged 8–14 years old. The children were selected from 94 primary and preparatory schools in Tanta between March 2016 and February 2017, and their teeth were examined clinically according to WHO criteria for oral health survey for presence of selected dental anomalies. Results The total prevalence of anomalies was 20.36% as follow: hypodontia was 0.63%, hyperdontia was 0.3%, microdontia was 0.2%, peg shape lateral was 0.63%, cusp of carabelli was 5.5%, talon cusp was 0.23%, and gemination was 0.03%, enamel hypoplasia was 2.38%, demarcated opacities were 9.4%, diffuse opacities were 2.15%, transposition was 0.07%, and no cases of macrodontia, fusion, or dens invaginatus were detected in this study. There were no significant differences regarding sex or residence area except for peg shape lateral showed higher prevalence in rural areas (P < 0.05). Conclusion About fifth of children were affected by at least one anomaly which is comparable to other studies, dental anomalies may occur without relation to a disease or syndrome and dental anomalies nearly occur in both sexes equally.

Comparative study of the clinical and radiographic effects of pulpotec and mineral trioxide aggregate on the pulp of the primary molars Ola B. Zewail, Fatma A. El Hendawy, Talat M Beltagy Tanta Dental Journal 2020 17(1):9-14 Objective The aim was to evaluate clinically and radiographically the effectiveness of pulpotec and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the radicular pulp tissue of the primary molars after pulpotomy procedure and compare the results of the tested materials with that of formocresol (FC). Materials and methods Pulpotomy was performed on 90 lower primary molars in 30 children aged 4–8 years then were randomly divided into three treatment groups of 30 molars for each group. Group I: the pulp was treated with Pulpotec. Group II: the pulp was treated with MTA. Group III: the pulp was treated with FC. All treated molars were covered with stainless steel crowns. Clinical evaluation and standardized periapical radiographs were done after 3, 6, and 9 months. Results The three groups were clinically successful as Pulpotec showed (100%) success rate, MTA showed (100%) and FC showed (92.9%) success rate. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between the three groups regarding to their clinical performance. While the radiographic examinations showed that Pulpotec had the highest radiographic success rate (100%) in comparison to MTA and FC (92.9, 78.6%, respectively) with statistically significant difference between the three tested materials (P > 0.05). Conclusion Pulpotec and MTA may be promising materials as pulpotomy agents in primary molars.

Prevalence of dental anomalies in a sample of orthodontic Egyptian patients using orthopantograms Fady H. Fahim, Dina O. ElAbbasy Tanta Dental Journal 2020 17(1):15-24 Objective The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies in a sample of Egyptian orthodontic patients. Patients and methods This is a retrospective study where 435 digital orthopantograms taken of patients, ranging in age from 14 to 30 years with a mean age of 19 years were studied. The patients were presented for treatment at a private practice in Cairo during the period from 2017 to 2019. The orthopantograms were reviewed for impactions (including and excluding third molars), congenitally missing teeth or hypodontia (including and excluding third molars), ectopic eruption, microdontia (peg-shaped and small-sized maxillary lateral incisors), rudimentary 8's, root dilacerations and supernumerary teeth. Results Excluding third molars, the number of patients that had at least one dental anomaly was 183 or 42.1%. The prevalence of patients with impacted teeth was 66 (15.2%), while the prevalence of congenitally missing teeth was 44 (10.1%). Equal prevalence between males and females was recorded for impacted maxillary permanent canines (M = 16, F = 16) and congenitally missing maxillary permanent canines (M = 1, F = 1). The least prevalence were microdontia (n = 15, 3.4%), dilacerated roots (n = 8, 1.8%) and supernumerary teeth (n = 8, 1.8%). Rudimentary wisdom teeth count was 12 (2.8%) out of the total sample with only maxillary third molars being affected. The prevalence of impacted third molars was 25% (n = 109, M = 27, F = 82). The prevalence of congenitally missing third molars (at least one missing third molar) was 19.3% (n = 84, M = 22, F = 62). Females showed higher prevalence than males for all anomalies except for impacted mandibular permanent canines where males were higher than females (M = 9, F = 5), impacted upper incisors and upper first premolars (M = 1, F = 0) and supernumerary teeth (M = 6, F = 2). The prevalence of patients with impacted permanent second molars was 4.6%. Conclusions Excluding third molars, the most common dental anomaly was impaction followed by teeth agenesis. The most prevalent impaction was the maxillary permanent canine and the most congenitally missing teeth were the maxillary lateral incisors. Root dilacerations and supernumerary teeth were the least common anomalies. Congenitally missing and impacted third molars constitute a large segment of dental anomalies and must be evaluated separately. A large variation exists between the different populations regarding the prevalence of the various anomalies.

Evaluation of the effect of β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles on bone defect healing in diabetic rats Wael S. Ahmed, Hany A. Sherif, Galal A. Nasr Tanta Dental Journal 2020 17(1):25-30 Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate histologically the bone defect's regeneration after application of β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles (Nβ-TCP) intibial bony defects of diabetic rats. Materials and methods Sixteen adult male albino rats were used and their weight was almost 250 g. The animals were grouped into two equal groups: group 1 (control diabetic) which had not receive the graft; group 2 (experimental diabetic) which had received the graft material (Nβ-TCP). Specimens were harvested on days 7 and 28 after surgical procedures, prepared, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined histologically. Results The histological examination demonstrated obvious retardation in granulation tissue formation, organization and bone formation in the control diabetic group 1 than group 2 along the different intervals of this study. This retardation in the healing of diabetic contro1group was due to the effect of diabetes as it reduced cellular proliferation in early callus, collagen synthesis content, osteoblastic activity and reduced bone mineralization. Moreover, there was great acceleration in granulation tissue formation, organization and bone formation in experimental diabetic group 2 which received the graft material. Conclusion Nβ-TCP has been shown to have a good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity and can be used to enhance bone healing specially in retarded conditions as in diabetes mellitus.

Entrococcus faecalis elimination in retreatment cases using passive ultrasonic irrigation, manual dynamic activation and photodynamic therapy: a randomized clinical trial Burcu Bilgin, Sevinç A. Türker, Mehtap H. Aslan, Baran C. Saǧlam, Sibel Koçak, Mustafa M. Koçak, Emre Bodrumlu Tanta Dental Journal 2020 17(1):31-36 Aim The aim of this in-vivo study was to compare the effect of passive ultrasonic irrigation, manual dynamic activation and photodynamic therapy in reducing Enterococcus faecalis load in retreatment cases by using PCR. Materials and methods Single-rooted, single-canalled 36 teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis were selected for this study. Teeth were divided into three groups according to the disinfection methods: passive ultrasonic irrigation, manual dynamic activation, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Microbiological samples were taken after removal of gutta-percha (S1), after preparation of the root canal (S2), and after disinfection method (S3) with sterile paper points. The E. faecalis amounts were measured by using PCR. Results Intragroup analysis revealed that, all groups showed a significant decrease between S1 and S2 (P ≤ 0.05). However, a significant decrease between S2 and S3 was found only with PDT group (P ≤ 0.05). Intergroup analysis revealed that no significant differences were found among disinfection methods for bacterial load of S1, S2 and S3 (P ≥ 0.05). There were no significant differences among disinfection methods in terms of E. faecalis reduction percentages (from S2 to S3) (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusion PDT method significantly enhanced E. faecalis elimination after chemomechanical preparation. All disinfection methods were effective in reducing E. faecalis from infected root canals with no statistical differences.

Effect of bollard coping and locator attachment on implant stability and patient satisfaction in single implant assisted mandibular overdenture (in-vivo study) Mohamad H. Ismael, Diab F. El-Haddad, Ahmad M. Shoeib, Mohamad A. Quassem Tanta Dental Journal 2020 17(1):37-42 Objective This study was performed to evaluate the effect of bollard coping and locator attachment on immediately loaded single implant retained complete mandibular overdenture. Patients and methods Twenty completely edentulous patients were selected from the Outpatient Clinic, Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al Azhar University. For each patient complete maxillary and mandibular conventional complete denture were constructed. The patients were divided into two equal groups: group I: patients were treated by single implant assisted mandibular overdenture retained with a new design (bollard coping); group II: patients were treated by single implant assisted mandibular overdenture retained with locator attachment. The bollard coping retention was achieved by engagement of the undercut in the bollard coping to the chemical-curing silicone soft liner in the denture. The locator attachment retention was achieved by the mechanical interlock between the attachment and the metal housing in the denture. The stability of implants was measured by using the Osstell implant stability quotient (ISQ) system and patient satisfaction was evaluated by using a questionnaire. Measurements were taken at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months after implant insertion. Independent t-test was used for comparison between groups while the comparison of within each group by time was done by one-way analysis of variance followed by post-hoc Tukey test. Results Patient satisfaction and ISQ values results showed higher values in group I than group 2 without any statistically significant difference. ISQ values in both groups over time showed a statistically significant difference between the baseline and 6 and 12 months, between 3 and 12 months, and between 6 and 12 months values. There were statistically nonsignificant difference resulted from the comparison of 3 and 6 months values. Conclusion There was an increase in the ISQ, and retention values for both groups during the follow-up period, but the difference was statistically insignificant between the two groups.

Assessment of marginal bone level around immediately loaded single implant used to retain mandibular overdenture with bollard coping vs locator attachments Mohamad H. Ismael, Diab F. El-Haddad, Osama A. Helaly, Mohamad A. Quassem Tanta Dental Journal 2020 17(1):43-46 Objective The aim of this study was to assess changes in marginal bone level around immediately loaded single implant used to retain mandibular overdenture with two different types of attachment (bollard coping and locator). Patients and methods Twenty completely edentulous patients were randomly selected from the Outpatient Clinic, Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Boys, Cairo). Patients were divided into two groups: Group I received single implant retained overdenture with a new design (bollard coping) attachment while group II received single implant retained overdenture with a locator attachment. Marginal bone loss around implant of both groups were evaluated by digital radiography with Digora software. Measurements were taken at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months after implant insertion. Independent t-test was used for comparison between groups while the comparison of within each group by time was carried out by one-way analysis of variance followed by post-hoc Tukey test. Results An acceptable range of bone loss in both groups with a statistically non-significant differences between both groups during the same follow up period was recorded. Bone loss values in both groups over time showed a statistically significant difference between 3 and 12 months and between 6 and 12 months values, however, there was no significance difference resulted from the comparison of 3 and 6 months values. Conclusion Bollard coping attachment is recommended to retain mandibular overdenture when using immediately loaded single implant. It was evidenced by less marginal bone loss around the implant when compared to those with conventional locator attachment during the same follow-up period.