Abstract This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of omalizumab for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs. Critical and important CSU‐related outcomes were considered. The risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence were assessed using GRADE. Ten RCTs including 1620 subjects aged 12 to 75 years old treated with omalizumab for 16 to 40 weeks were evaluated. Omalizumab 150 mg: does not result in clinically meaningful improvement...
Fri Aug 07, 2020 12:03
Abstract Large differences in COVID‐19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage were associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS‐CoV‐2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 22:13
Abstract The prevalence of chronic immune and metabolic disorders is increasing rapidly. In particular, inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, diabetes, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have become major healthcare and economic burdens worldwide. Recent advances in microbiome research have led to significant discoveries of associative links between alterations in the microbiome and health, as well as these chronic supposedly non‐communicable, immune/metabolic disorders. Importantly,...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 22:12
Abstract There is paucity of evidence assessing immune responses to COVID‐19 in severe asthmatics treated with biologics. Recent guidelines recommend continuing these agents (as clinically indicated) to maintaining asthma control. Supporting this claim, Lommatzsch demonstrated that omalizumab could safely be continued during active COVID‐19 infection in a patient with allergic asthma.1 There are other emerging reports that show that treatment with benralizumab2 and dupilumab3 is not associated with...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 20:24
Abstract The continuing exploration of new strategies for allergen immunotherapy in mouse models raises the need to consider the obstacles encountered in clinical translation. In this issue Korotchenko et al. report that ovalbumin conjugated with the glycan laminarin markedly ameliorated allergic responses induced by ovalbumin when delivered by laser facilitated epicutaneous application (1). The conjugation targeted the allergen to the C‐type lectin like receptor Dectin‐1 on dendritic cells and...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 15:48
Publication date: Available online 8 August 2020Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyAuthor(s): Miho Shiratori-Hayashi, Chiharu Yamaguchi, Kazushi Eguchi, Yuto Shiraishi, Keita Kohno, Katsuhiko Mikoshiba, Kazuhide Inoue, Motohiro Nishida, Makoto Tsuda
Sun Aug 09, 2020 15:23
Publication date: Available online 7 August 2020Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyAuthor(s): Gianluca Sottile, Giuliana Ferrante, Giovanna Cilluffo, Salvatore Fasola, Velia Malizia, Vito MR. Muggeo, Giovanni Viegi, Stefania La Grutta
Sat Aug 08, 2020 12:41
Work-related asthma (WRA) accounts for up to 25% of all adults with asthma. Early diagnosis is key for optimal management as delays in diagnosis are associated with worse outcomes. However, WRA is significantl...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 03:00
The chronic form of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) was first described by Powell in 1978, and its acute variant in 1986 1,2. No cases of chronic FPIES have been reported in adults. Here we describe a case consistent with chronic FPIES in an adult.
Sat Aug 08, 2020 03:00
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by a chronic type 2 inflammatory response in the paranasal sinuses. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are potent innate immune cells that contribute to type 2 inflammation by producing cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. There is increasing evidence suggesting that ILC2 play an important role in CRSwNP pathogenesis.
Sat Aug 08, 2020 03:00
Penicillin allergy is commonly reported by hospitalized patients, however at our institution 56% of patients we tested had a remote history of penicillin allergy (≥20 years since reaction), 23% could not recall when their reaction occurred, and 30% were unable to identify the adverse reaction. In recent years, unconfirmed penicillin allergy has been associated with longer hospital stays, increased prevalence of C. difficile, MRSA, and VRE, increased healthcare costs, and increased risk of surgical...
Fri Aug 07, 2020 03:00
Treatment of pulmonary infections in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) can be challenging due to organisms unique to CF and antibiotic resistance (1). Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are prevalent in patients with CF and have been associated with poor clinical outcomes. The increasing prevalence of MRSA infections in CF has led to the advent of newer modalities of receiving antibiotics such as inhaled therapies. (2) Inhaled vancomycin is often used in the CF population to treat refractory...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 03:00
Summary In vitro studies suggested that benralizumab, a humanized anti‐interleukin‐5 receptor α monoclonal antibody, can induce antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity not only in eosinophils, but also in basophils. We report, for the first time, that benralizumab treatment strongly reduces basophils in severe eosinophilic asthma in vivo , suggesting that benralizumab effects in asthma might not be restricted to eosinophil depletion.
Thu Aug 06, 2020 22:44
Abstract Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) such as HCoV‐229E or OC43 are responsible for mild upper airway infections, whereas highly pathogenic HCoVs, including SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2, often evoke acute, heavy pneumonias. They tend to induce immune responses based on interferon and host inflammatory cytokine production and promotion of T1 immune profile. Less is known about their effect on T2‐type immunity. Unlike human rhinoviruses (HRV) and rhinosyncytioviruses (RSV), HCoVs are not considered...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 22:03
Abstract Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to integrate recent research on the respiratory immune effects of e-cigarettes with the pathogenesis of asthma to better understand how e-cigarettes may affect asthmatics and to note critical knowledge gaps regarding the effects of e-cigarettes on asthmatics. Recent Findings Human,...
Sat Aug 08, 2020 03:00
Background The objective of this work was to assess the efficacy of serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentration in predicting early postoperative recurrence in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Methods We prospectively enrolled CRSwNP patients to receive bilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and followed them for 1 year. Serum ECP level was measured within 1 week before surgery. Demographics and associated medical factors were analyzed...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 14:00
Background Epiphora due to refractory bicanalicular obstructions is typically managed by conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) with or without the assistance of nasal endoscopy. However, the evidence for its benefit is unclear. Methods A systematic review of the literature on the treatment of epiphora by CDCR was performed (March 1, 2018). All studies reporting original data on patients suffering from epiphora treated with CDCR surgery were included. Primary outcomes were success and satisfaction...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 13:55
Publication date: Available online 8 August 2020Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & ImmunologyAuthor(s): Purificación Gonzalez-Delgado, Maria Ruano-Zaragoza, Ana Gutierrez Casbas, Fatima López Gonzalez, Javier Fernandez Sanchez
Sun Aug 09, 2020 18:03
Publication date: Available online 8 August 2020Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & ImmunologyAuthor(s): Whitney W. Stevens, Atsushi Kato
Sun Aug 09, 2020 18:03
Publication date: Available online 8 August 2020Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & ImmunologyAuthor(s): Matthew R. Norris, Leonard Bielory
Sat Aug 08, 2020 16:57
Publication date: Available online 7 August 2020Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & ImmunologyAuthor(s): Aba Al-Kaabi, Aarti Pandya, John Martinez, Marissa Love
Fri Aug 07, 2020 13:39
Publication date: Available online 7 August 2020Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & ImmunologyAuthor(s): Tanya M. Laidlaw
Fri Aug 07, 2020 13:39
Publication date: Available online 7 August 2020Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & ImmunologyAuthor(s): Linh-An C. Tuong, Radhika Trivedi, Patricia Greenberg, Satya D. Narisety
Fri Aug 07, 2020 13:39
Publication date: Available online 7 August 2020Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & ImmunologyAuthor(s): Vivian Wang, Juri Boguniewicz, Mark Boguniewicz, Peck Y. Ong
Fri Aug 07, 2020 13:39
Publication date: Available online 6 August 2020Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & ImmunologyAuthor(s): Wenlong Liu, Qingxiang Zeng, Yanhui Wen, Yiquan Tang, Shengbao Yan, Yan Li, Lifeng Zhou, Renzhong Luo
Fri Aug 07, 2020 13:39
Key Points C5aR2 agonism dampens C5aR1-, C3aR-, and CMKLR1-mediated ERK signaling in macrophages. C5aR2 agonism modulates C5aR1-, C3aR-, and LTB4R-mediated calcium mobilization. C5aR2 activation downregulates TLRs 3, 4, 7, Mincle-, and STING-mediated cytokines.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Despite high vaccine coverage in many parts of the world, pertussis is resurging in a number of areas in which acellular vaccines are the primary vaccine administered to infants and young children. This is attributed in part to the suboptimal and short-lived immunity elicited by acellular pertussis vaccines and to their inability to prevent nasal colonization and transmission of the etiologic agent Bordetella pertussis. In response to this escalating public health concern, the National Institute...
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points Developing CD11c+ T-bet+ B cells require TFH1 cells that produce both IFN- and IL-21. Obligate IFN- and CD40L signals are provided at distinct times following infection. CD11c+ B cells lacking T-bet undergo normal differentiation but improper switching.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Self RNA Sensing by RIG-I-like Receptors in Viral Infection and Sterile Inflammation [BRIEF REVIEWS]
The innate immune system uses pattern recognition receptors to survey the intracellular and extracellular environment for signs of infection. Viral infection is detected through the presence of viral nucleic acids in infected cells. Pattern recognition receptor activation by viral nucleic acids induces the expression and secretion of type I IFNs (IFN-Is), important mediators of antiviral immunity. RIG-I–like receptors (RLRs) are RNA sensors that detect viral RNA in the cytosol and induce an IFN-I...
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points Active Gsk3 promotes hepatocyte autophagy in response to TNF-α. Gsk3 N-terminal phosphorylation inhibits macrophage TLR activation.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has infected millions and has caused hundreds of thousands of fatalities. Risk factors for critical illness from SARS-CoV-2 infection include male gender, obesity, diabetes, and age >65. The mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to critical illness are poorly understood. Of interest, these comorbidities have previously been associated with increased signaling of Th17 cells. Th17 cells secrete IL-17A and are important for clearing extracellular pathogens,...
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points Myeloid cell–intrinsic IRF5 regulates chemokine-dependent T cell migration. Myeloid cell IRF5 regulates key checkpoints in T cell activation/differentiation. IRF5 risk variants modulate myeloid cell–dependent T cell–conditioning outcomes.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points Batf3 expression by CD8 T cells critically regulates memory T cell development. Batf3–/– CD8 T cells undergo increased apoptosis during contraction. Batf3–/– CD8 T cells have an impaired recall ability but remain functional.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points Macrophages of different cellular origins remodel chromatin differently. DNA shape features flanking PU.1 motifs may regulate chromatin remodeling.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points NRF2 promotes keratinization and replenishes epidermal thiol gradient. NRF2-dependent antioxidative response directs allergic contact dermatitis. NRF2 may provide critical direction to the early phases of atopic disorders.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points Mitochondrial catalase regulates inflammation by altering cellular metabolism. NAD(H) levels modulate NF-B activation in macrophages.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points Generation and screening of anti–SARS-CoV-2 RBD mAbs reveal a potently protective Ab. mAb 2B04 potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. mAb 2B04 protects mice from morbidity in a murine model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points Both radioresistant and radiosensitive cells produce Il-18bp during CpG-induced MAS. Il-18bp behaves as Ifn- signature gene during CpG-induced MAS. Elevated circulating levels of Il-18bp prevent systemic effects of Il-18 in MAS.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points Three of the four HLA-DOA common alleles have differential impact on DM function. Fifty-two percent of all DOA variants tested displayed altered function. Two DOA variants were genetically linked to the outcome of hepatitis B infection.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points Mice lacking VHL in their T cells are resistant to EAE. VHL-deficient CD4 T cells have reduced capacity for Th17 differentiation. VHL-deficient Th17 cells have altered cellular metabolism.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points A recent study proposes a new process as the dominant mechanism of human/mouse SHM. We re-examine these results by estimating the false positive rates of their approach. We find no evidence that templated mutagenesis is a major contributor to SHM.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points S. aureus–infected DCs induce V2+ cell IFN- secretion via cell contact and IL-12. V2+ IFN- secretion promotes reciprocal enhancement of DC activation. Coculturing infected DCs with T cells enhances CD4+ cell responses to S. aureus.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points CLEC16A correlates to surface CLIP expression in human B-LCLs and primary B cells. CLEC16A knockdown impairs BCR-mediated uptake of Ag into MIICs. CLIP is abundant and not coregulated with CLEC16A in blood B cells of MS patients.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points LLEC exhibit transcriptional characteristics common to effector and memory T cells. LLEC undergo homeostatic proliferation but do not critically depend on IL-15. LLEC are predominantly derived from KLRG1hi effector cells at 12 d postinfection.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points Metformin + 2-DG represses human CD4+ T cell IFN- production and cell proliferation. Metformin + 2-DG inhibits human CD4+ T cell Gln uptake and metabolic reprogramming. Metformin + 2-DG reduces MYC and HIF-1A expression in human CD4+ T cells.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points ILC2s are activated even after injury from respiratory viral infection is resolved. ILC2s contribute to a chronic type 2 immune response after viral infection. ILC2s depend on myeloid–macrophage lineage cells to drive postviral disease.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points Osteomacs are associated with endplate osteosclerosis in MCs. Osteomacs can regulate osteogenesis through the OSM-STAT3/YAP1 signaling axis. OSM blockade prevents endplate osteosclerosis in MCs.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points Macrophages expressing CD122 accumulate in the uterus and maternal–fetal interface. M-CSF and IFNs drive macrophages to express CD122. IL-15 causes CD122+ macrophages to activate ERK and enhance cytokine production.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points Tob2 inhibits TLR-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression. Tob2 negatively regulates TLR4-induced NF-B and MAPK activation. Tob2 interacts with TRAF6 and MyD88 and inhibits signaling from them.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points Zebrafish phd3 negatively regulates antiviral responses. Zebrafish phd3 suppresses irf7 transactivity. Phd3 suppresses irf7 transactivity independent of its enzymatic activity.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points lncRNA AW112010 expression is increased in proinflammatory T cells. AW112010 associates with histone demethylase KDM5A. AW112010 suppresses IL-10 expression through histone demethylation.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points COX inhibition increased Alternaria extract–induced pulmonary ILC2 responses. COX inhibition promoted Alternaria extract–induced IL-33 release in the lung. COX inhibition augmented rIL-33–induced pulmonary ILC2 responses.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points Zebrafish IL-4–like cytokines promote type 2 and suppress type 1 immunity. Zebrafish IL-10 is potently anti-inflammatory and essential for gill homeostasis.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
Key Points Single-cell/Ab resolution characterizes recall with unprecedented resolution. Recalled IgG-SCs appear fast and, at this early stage, free of naive IgG-SCs. Recalled IgG-SCs correlated strongly with the IgG-SCs generated during boost.
Fri Aug 07, 2020 23:00
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