Key PointsExpression of csMHCII is a determinant of the composition of the TME. csMHCII is a factor determining the response to anti–PD-1 therapy.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsCEACAM1 is an essential contributor in the NET–tumor cell interaction. CEACAM1 is a potential target for preventing liver metastasis of colon cancer.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsCas9 RNP electroporation deletes genes in naive CD8+ T cells transferred in vivo. High efficiency gene deletion occurs even in the absence of T cell activation. Multiple gene KO and HDR edited cells can be generated using this method.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsDimerization of the BCAP Toll/IL1 domain is required for function. BCAP TIR modulates the oligomerization state of TLR signaling adaptor MAL. TIG domains are a promiscuous dimerization module in gene expression and signaling.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointspDCs express LIFR. LIF inhibits pDC production of type I IFN. LIF biases DC development towards cDCs at the expense of pDCs.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsSpontaneous colitis in Itch-deficient mice is associated with altered gut microbiota. Alterations in gut microbiota are independent of elevated IL-17 in Itch-deficient mice. Bacteroides vulgatus induces colonic inflammation in Itch–/– mice.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsZhx2 in macrophages accelerates sepsis. Zhx2 promotes glycolysis in macrophages via Pfkfb3.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsNOD1 restricts replication of RNA viruses. The cumulative effects between NOD1 and MDA5 normal form are conserved. NOD1 degradation by the truncated form of MDA5 is specific to fish.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsType I IFN–mediated JAK–STAT signaling is impaired in Perforin-2–deficient cells. Perforin-2 independently associates with IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 in resting cells. Perforin-2 is critical for the activation of Jak1 and Tyk2 upon IFN-β stimulation.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsIRCTX muscle injury results in muscle fibrosis through macrophage-derived TGF-β1. FAPs respond to TGF-β1 by differentiating into fibroblasts. Conditional knockout and systemic inhibition of TGF-β1 attenuates IRCTX fibrosis.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsADAR1 depletion from early developmental stages impairs T cell development in mice. Concurrent MDA5 deletion partially ameliorates aberrant thymocyte development. The RNA-editing–independent function of ADAR1 is required for early T cell development.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsFree ISG15 causes tissue alert in the skin upon therapeutic vaccination in mice. Free ISG15 is a potent adjuvant for the CTL response, acting, in part, via NK cells. Free ISG15 function in mice requires amino acids defining ligand function in humans.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsIL-10 antagonizes IL-17 in determining clinical disease phenotypes of periodontitis. IL-10 dampens an IL-17–mediated inflammatory response in innate immune cells. Bone loss in Il10–/– mice is associated with an M1-skewing macrophage phenotype.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsSCFβ-TrCP E3 ubiquitin ligase governs TIPE2 protein stability. TAK1 phosphorylates Ser3 to trigger TIPE2 for ubiquitination and degradation. The amount of TIPE2 determines the strength of LPS-induced signaling.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsHuR regulates Th17 cell and Th1-like Th17 cell differentiation. HuR directly and indirectly modulates expression of RUNX1 and RORt, respectively. Targeting HuR by its inhibitor reduces severity of autoimmune neuroinflammation.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsRhCMV/HBV vectors engender MHC-E–restricted CD8+ T cell responses in RM. HD and RM PH express MHC-E. PH present HBV Ag to MHC-E–restricted CD8+ T cells from RhCMV/HBV-inoculated RM.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsMonocytes from MDS patients display low phagocytic activity. MDS monocyte-derived DCs show morphological alterations and low expression of HLA-DR. Monocytes from MDS patients downregulate genes that trigger immune responses.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsType I and III IFNs exacerbate pertussis lung inflammation in adult mice. Infant mice do not upregulate IFN expression in response to pertussis. Increased type I IFN signaling protects infant mice from pertussis lethality.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsMyeloid cells are the dominant cell type expressing DNase1L3 in human blood cells. Homeostatic stimuli may be a key driver of DNase1L3 production in myeloid cells.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsThe PEPITEM/CDH15 axis is involved in homeostasis in pathological inflammation. PEPITEM could be used as a therapeutic agent for systemic lupus erythematosus.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsmiR-155 in T cells contributes to the shortened lifespan of miR-146a–/– mice. Autoimmunity in aged miR-146a–/– mice is mediated in part by T cell miR-155. Aerobic glycolysis is associated with increased Tfh and GC B cells during aging.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsPolyamide targeting IL-23 specifically inhibits the expression of IL-23. Polyamide targeting IL-23 is effective in treating psoriasis and EAU in mice.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
The discovery of JAKs and STATs and their roles in cytokine and IFN action represented a significant basic advance and a new paradigm in cell signaling. This was quickly followed by discoveries pointing to their essential functions, including identification of JAK3 mutations as a cause of SCID. This and other findings predicted the use of therapeutically targeting JAKs as a new strategy for treating immune and inflammatory diseases. This now is a reality with seven approved jakinibs being used to...
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsIL-33 promoted the rapid and robust induction of IB in mast cells. IB enhanced cytokine production to assist NF-B in IL-33/ST2L signaling.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells that are involved in inflammation and fibrosis but also serve beneficial roles, including tissue maintenance, angiogenesis, pathogen clearance, and immunoregulation. Their multifaceted response and the ability of their mediators to target multiple organs and tissues means that mast cells play important roles in numerous conditions, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, drug sensitivities, ischemic heart disease, Alzheimer disease, arthritis, irritable bowel...
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsTLR stimulation of B cells into Ig-secreting plasma cells requires NOX-dependent ROS. The high secretion of IgG per cell results in excessive ROS-dependent ER stress. NAC selectively inhibits the secretion of IgG and not that of IgM.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Key PointsThe chromatin modifying BAP complex regulates Drosophila immune mechanisms. Transcriptome analysis of osa RNAi flies indicates a role for Osa in metabolism. Osa negatively regulates immunity and enhances expression of metabolic genes.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 23:00
Soft Robotics, Ahead of Print.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 10:00
After free-flap harvest, the flap and vascular pedicle must be oriented, and the pedicle passed into the neck for anastomosis with the recipient neck vessels. For defects of the mandible, floor of the mouth, or lateral tongue, this is straightforward, but for those of the maxilla or soft palate, the pedicle must be passed through a long, narrow tunnel before it reaches the recipient site. The surgeon must be very careful to avoid inadvertently twisting it (with consequent failure of the flap) during...
Mon Apr 06, 2020 03:00
Summary Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are understudied and have limited systemic treatment options. Prior studies for patients with advanced NETs have demonstrated promising results when antimetabolite agents, including fluoropyrimidines, were combined with temozolomide TMZ. TAS-102 (trifluridine/tipiracil) is an antineoplastic agent that is non-cross resistant with 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine and that has a different toxicity profile. This study evaluated the safety of TAS-102...
Mon Apr 06, 2020 03:00
Journal of Neurotrauma, Ahead of Print.
Mon Apr 06, 2020 10:00
Journal of Neurotrauma, Ahead of Print.
Wed Apr 01, 2020 10:00
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