Objectives: African American (AA) women with breast cancer (BrCA) have higher mortality than any other race. Differential mortality has been attributed to nonadherence to endocrine therapy (ET). ET can lower the risk of dying by one third; yet 50% to 75% of all women are nonadherent to ET. Despite the wealth of research examining adherence to ET, understanding which groups of women at risk for poor adherence is not well established. The aim of this investigation was to describe ET adherence...
Fri Apr 03, 2020 03:00
Introduction: Randomized clinical trials have shown combination therapy to be superior in progression-free survival (PFS) rates when compared with sunitinib alone. However, there have been no direct comparisons among the combination strategies making it unclear as to which may be the preferred option. We performed a network meta-analysis of the combination therapy (immune checkpoint inhibitor plus axitinib or bevacizumab) used in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and provided a rank order...
Fri Apr 03, 2020 03:00
Objectives: SLC-0111 is an ureido-substituted benzenesulfonamide small molecule inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase IX. The objectives of this first-in-human Phase 1 study were to determine the safety and tolerability of SLC-0111 in patients with advanced solid tumors and to establish the recommended Phase 2 dose for future clinical investigations. Materials and Methods: Using a 3+3 design, dose escalation started at 500 mg oral daily dosing of SLC-0111 in cohort 1 and increased to 1000...
Fri Apr 03, 2020 03:00
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a largely incurable cancer. Surgical resection remains the only potential option for cure. Even in surgically resectable patients, only about 10% to 20% are long-term survivors. Emerging data suggest a role for neoadjuvant therapy to target occult micrometastatic disease. Aim: To report our institutional experience with a novel neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) regimen in resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. Materials...
Fri Apr 03, 2020 03:00
Colour vision is largely mediated by changes in number, expression, and spectral properties of rhodopsins, but the genetic mechanisms underlying adaptive shifts in spectral sensitivity remain largely unexplored. Using in vivo photochemistry, optophysiology, and in vitro functional assays, we link variation in eye spectral sensitivity at long wavelengths (LW) to species-specific absorbance spectra for LW opsins in lycaenid butterflies. In addition to loci specifying an ancestral green-absorbing rhodopsin...
Mon Apr 06, 2020 03:00
Co-option of transposable elements (TEs) to become part of existing or new enhancers is an important mechanism for evolution of gene regulation. However, contributions of lineage-specific TE insertions to recent regulatory adaptations remain poorly understood. Gibbons present a suitable model to study these contributions as they have evolved a lineage-specific TE called LAVA, which is still active in the gibbon genome. The LAVA retrotransposon is thought to have played a role in the emergence of...
Mon Apr 06, 2020 03:00
ObjectiveWe assessed DNA conservation using a range of archaeological skeletal samples from Sudan (Missiminia in Upper Nubia, 350 B.C.E to 1400 C.E) from the unfavorable conditions of the Saharan milieu and humidity of the Nile valley by tracking maternal lineage on the X-Group (Ballaneans). MethodWe were able to extract, amplify, and sequence mt-DNA HVS-I (Sanger sequencing method) from 11 petrous bone samples, eight for the X-Group set and three for the reference set (one Christian, one Late...
Mon Apr 06, 2020 03:00
Predator specialization has often been considered an evolutionary dead-end due to the constraints associated with the evolution of morphological and functional optimizations throughout the organism. However, in some predators, these changes are localized in separate structures dedicated to prey capture. One of the most extreme cases of this modularity can be observed in siphonophores, a clade of pelagic colonial cnidarians that use tentilla (tentacle side branches armed with nematocysts) exclusively...
Mon Apr 06, 2020 03:00
Hybridization is well recognized as a driver of speciation, yet it often remains difficult to parse phylogenomically in that post-speciation gene flow frequently supersedes an ancestral signal. Here we examined how interactions between recombination and gene flow shaped the phylogenomic landscape of red wolf to create non-random retention of introgressed ancestry. Our re-analyses of genomic data recapitulate fossil evidence by demonstrating red wolf was indeed extant and isolated prior to more recent...
Mon Apr 06, 2020 03:00
Onjisaponin B (OB) is the main active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb polygala, which is effective against neurodegenerative disorders. However, the target of OB is currently unknown. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are both risk factors for the pathogenesis and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we used a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced subacute mouse model of PD to explore the efficacy and neuroprotective mechanism of OB in PD....
Mon Apr 06, 2020 21:25
Autophagy and neurogenesis play a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis of neurons in the brain. Endurance exercise (EXE) serves as a potent regulator of both autophagy and neurogenesis in the hippocampus of the brain; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the dual expression remains unclear. Thus, we examined the signaling pathways of EXE-induced autophagy and neurogenesis-associated protein expression in the hippocampus. C57BL/6 male mice (10 weeks old) were randomly divided...
Mon Apr 06, 2020 21:25
The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-shift hypothesis proposes that GABA agonist action is excitatory early in development and transitions to an inhibitory role later in life. In experiment 1, the nonspecific GABA agonist, valproic acid (VPA), was administered to pregnant C57BL/6 mice on embryonic day 13. Fetal and maternal brains were harvested 2 h post-VPA exposure and assayed for nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and H3 expression through western blot analysis. In experiment 2,...
Mon Apr 06, 2020 21:25
Protecting neurons from neurotoxicity is a job mainly performed by astrocytes through glutamate uptake and potassium buffering. These functions are aided principally by the Kir4.1 inwardly rectifying potassium channels located in the membrane of astrocytes. Astrocytes grown in hyperglycemic conditions have decreased levels of Kir4.1 potassium channels as well as impaired potassium and glutamate uptake. Previous studies performed in a human corneal epithelial cell injury model demonstrated a mechanism...
Mon Apr 06, 2020 21:25
Progranulin (PGRN) is a glycoprotein that is widely expressed among organs, including the central nervous system. PGRN insufficiency is involved in various neurodegenerative disorders such as frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. One of the major causes of neuronal damage is hyperactivation of the cerebrum triggered by upregulation of excitatory systems. In the present study, we examined the possible involvement of PGRN in modulating excitability of the...
Mon Apr 06, 2020 21:25
Ischemic stroke damages the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which leads to brain edema and increases the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Proteasome inhibition has been found to protect the BBB against cerebral ischemia by suppressing neuroinflammation-mediated matrix metalloproteases-9 (MMP-9) activation. We recently showed that ginsenoside Rd (Rd), a major active ingredient of Panax ginseng, could suppress proteasome-mediated inflammation and be efficient for treating ischemic stroke but downstream...
Mon Apr 06, 2020 21:25
Glioma is a common cancer that affects people worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. Human miR-149 rs2292832 C/T polymorphism and miR-149-5p expressions have been documented to play important roles in various type of cancers. This study aims to assess the impact of miR-149 rs2292832 C/T polymorphism and miR-149-5p expressions in cytotoxic effect of temozolomide against glioma cells. A total of 137 cases of glioma patients and 21 healthy cases were enrolled in this study for clinical research....
Mon Apr 06, 2020 21:25
The origin and early evolution of neurotransmitter signaling in animals are unclear due to limited comparative information, primarily about prebilaterian animals. Here, we performed the comparative survey of signal molecules in placozoans – the simplest known free-living animals without canonical synapses, but with complex behaviors. First, using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection, we performed microchemical analyses of transmitter candidates in Trichoplax adhaerens...
Mon Apr 06, 2020 21:25
It has been found that hypothalamus helps to control aging, and hypothalamus-driven programmatic aging is associated with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated decrease of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying aging-associated hypothalamic GnRH decline are largely unknown. Forkhead box O (FOXO), a family of transcription factors, has been demonstrated to be associated with aging. GnRH neuronal cell line GT1-7 was used in this study to determine whether...
Mon Apr 06, 2020 21:25
Objective: The current study aims to investigate whether computer generated (CG) expressions of emotion evoke similar emotional appraisal processing in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) compared to real human expressions, as well as how speech cues would influence the processing. Methods: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure the neural activations in the prefrontal cortex during emotion recognition task. Thirty normal participants were asked to view videos of dynamic...
Mon Apr 06, 2020 21:25
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family and is a ligand-modulated transcriptional factor. Pioglitazone, a PPARγ ligand of the thiazolidinedione class, exerts several pleiotropic effects including neuroprotection in addition to reducing blood glucose and insulin resistance; however, its mechanism remains obscure. In this study, we examined the PPARγ expression and the protective effects of pioglitazone after transient forebrain ischemia....
Mon Apr 06, 2020 21:25
Objectives: Synaptic damage from noise exposures can occur even in the absence of changes in hearing sensitivity in animal models. There is an unmet clinical need for measurements sensitive to such damage to the human auditory system that can augment the pure-tone audiogram. Early components (i.e.,
Fri Apr 03, 2020 03:00
Objectives: Recently, an objective measure of speech intelligibility (SI), based on brain responses derived from the electroencephalogram (EEG), has been developed using isolated Matrix sentences as a stimulus. We investigated whether this objective measure of SI can also be used with natural speech as a stimulus, as this would be beneficial for clinical applications. Design: We recorded the EEG in 19 normal-hearing participants while they listened to two types of stimuli: Matrix sentences...
Fri Apr 03, 2020 03:00
Objectives: This study quantitatively assesses how cochlear implants (CIs) and vocoder simulations of CIs influence the identification of linguistic and emotional prosody in nontonal languages. By means of meta-analysis, it was explored how accurately CI users and normal-hearing (NH) listeners of vocoder simulations (henceforth: simulation listeners) identify prosody compared with NH listeners of unprocessed speech (henceforth: NH listeners), whether this effect of electric hearing differs between...
Fri Apr 03, 2020 03:00
Objectives: This work describes the development of a manualized best-practice hearing intervention for older adults participating in the Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders (ACHIEVE) randomized controlled clinical trial. Manualization of interventions for clinical trials is critical for assuring intervention fidelity and quality, especially in large multisite studies. The multisite ACHIEVE randomized controlled trial is designed to assess the efficacy of a hearing intervention on rates...
Fri Apr 03, 2020 03:00
Objectives: Meniere’s disease (MD) is a rare inner ear disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, episodic vertigo, and tinnitus. Familial MD has been reported in 6 to 9% of sporadic cases, and few genes including FAM136A, DTNA, PRKCB, SEMA3D, and DPT have been involved in single families, suggesting genetic heterogeneity. In this study, the authors recruited 46 families with MD to search for relevant candidate genes for hearing loss in familial MD. Design: Exome sequencing data...
Fri Apr 03, 2020 03:00
Infantile myofibroma is a rare benign tumor usually diagnosed before the age of 2 and found in the head and neck but much more rarely in the orbital region. There have only been 7 cases of periorbital myofibromas reported in children in the literature to date. The current case is of an 8-year-old boy with a left upper eyelid myofibroma confirmed on histopathological and immunochemical analysis. A literature review of periorbital myofibromas has been performed to bring the reader up-to-date with the...
Fri Apr 03, 2020 03:00
Purpose: We evaluated the effects of aspirin versus placebo in patients undergoing upper eyelid blepharoplasty and/or levator advancement or plication blepharoptosis repair in this randomized, prospective study. Methods: Patients who presented between October 2017 and April 2019 requiring blepharoptosis repair and/or upper eyelid blepharoplasty who were taking 81 mg aspirin were randomized to receive 1 week of aspirin tablets or 1 week of placebo tablets prior to surgery. Postoperative...
Fri Apr 03, 2020 03:00
Purpose: To report the development and clinical findings of a universal trans-punctal lacrimal microendoscope design. Methods: In this study, we examined a unique and original “2-bend” (i.e., double-angle) rigid lacrimal microendoscope designed for universal applications for anatomical variations. The shape of endoscope was initially evaluated in 6 lacrimal systems of cadavers (4 Caucasian-cadaver lacrimal systems and 2 Asian-cadaver lacrimal systems). Second, a prospective clinical...
Fri Apr 03, 2020 03:00
Purpose: To study the in vivo morphology of nasolacrimal duct (NLD) openings into the inferior meatus. Methods: Patients undergoing endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy and lacrimal intubation had endoscopic real-time examination of the NLD opening. Morphology of NLD openings (size, shape, mucosal folds), and their location from the axilla of the inferior turbinate were assessed. Results: Forty-three lacrimal systems of 39 adult patients (11 males, 28 females) with a mean age of...
Fri Apr 03, 2020 03:00
No abstract available
Fri Apr 03, 2020 03:00
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