Publication date: Available online 3 April 2020Source: Journal of BiomechanicsAuthor(s): Anna Brachman, Grzegorz Sobota, Wojciech Marszałek, Michał Pawłowski, Grzegorz Juras, Bogdan Bacik
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Publication date: Available online 3 April 2020Source: Journal of BiomechanicsAuthor(s): Dimitrije Stamenović, Ramaswamy Krishnan, Elizabeth P. Canović, Michael L. Smith
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Publication date: Available online 2 April 2020Source: Journal of BiomechanicsAuthor(s): Kellen T. Krajewski, Dennis E. Dever, Camille C. Johnson, Alex J. Rawcliffe, Nizam U. Ahamed, Shawn D. Flanagan, Qi Mi, William J. Anderst, Chris Connaboy
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Publication date: Available online 2 April 2020Source: Journal of BiomechanicsAuthor(s): Feng Yang, Wei Liu
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Publication date: Available online 2 April 2020Source: Journal of BiomechanicsAuthor(s): Shirin Rahimzadeh, Tabassom Ghanavati, Shabnam Pourreza, Sanam Tavakoli, Mehrnoosh Zakerkish, Zahra Kosarian, Shahin Goharpey, Mohammad Mehravar
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The superior colliculus supports an animal's ability to orient itself toward objects of interest. A new study suggests that the clustered anatomical organization of a genetically distinct class of neurons provides the substrate for a modular representation of motor space.
11h
Certain Gram-negative bacteria use the type VI secretion system (T6SS) to kill and lyse competing bacteria. Here, we show that the T6SS-dependent lysis of prey cells by the naturally competent Acinetobacter baylyi results in the extensive filamentation of a subpopulation of A. baylyi cells. Filamentation is dependent on the release of DNA from the prey and its uptake by the competence system. The analysis of A. baylyi transcriptome and the response of transcriptional reporters suggest that the uptake...
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Increasing light emissions caused by human activities have been recognized as a major threat for nocturnal animals. In Switzerland, the European Nightjar is a rare bird, decreasing in numbers since the 1970s, and is therefore highly threatened. The last breeding population occurs in the canton Valais. Initial expert-based conservation measures on formerly inhabited breeding sites were successful until 2000, however recent additional measures have failed. Nightjars are highly sensitive to light due...
11h
Altered gas exchange and isotope discrimination in ABA-insensitive poplar with impaired stomata is consistent with unsaturated leaf intercellular vapor pressure at low air vapor pressure deficits.Stomata control the gas exchange of terrestrial plant leaves, and are therefore essential to plant growth and survival. We investigated gas exchange responses to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in two gray poplar (Populus x canescens) lines: wild type and abscisic acid-insensitive (abi1) with functionally impaired...
11h
Hydrogen (H) isotopes of plant organic compounds are rarely employed in ecological studies. If so, these values are interpreted as being indicative of the plant source and/or leaf water. Recent observations suggest, however, that variations in hydrogen isotope fractionation that occur during the biosynthesis of plant compounds (H-2-epsilon(bio)) imprint valuable metabolic information into the hydrogen isotope composition (H-2 values) of plant organic compounds. Here we show a consistent H-2-enrichment...
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Antimalarial peroxides such as the phytochemical artemisinin or the synthetic ozonides arterolane and artefenomel undergo reductive cleavage of the pharmacophoric peroxide bond by ferrous heme, released by parasite hemoglobin digestion. The generated carbon-centered radicals alkylate heme in an intramolecular reaction and proteins in an intermolecular reaction. Here, we determine the proteinaceous alkylation signatures of artemisinin and synthetic ozonides in; Plasmodium falciparum; using alkyne...
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Metabolic heterogeneity between individual cells of a population harbors significant challenges for fundamental and applied research. Identifying metabolic heterogeneity and investigating its emergence require tools to zoom into metabolism of individual cells. While methods exist to measure metabolite levels in single cells, we lack capability to measure metabolic flux, i.e., the ultimate functional output of metabolic activity, on the single-cell level. Here, combining promoter engineering, computational...
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In the unicellular eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cln3-cyclin-dependent kinase activity enables Start, the irreversible commitment to the cell division cycle. However, the concentration of Cln3 has been paradoxically considered to remain constant during G1, due to the presumed scaling of its production rate with cell size dynamics. Measuring metabolic and biosynthetic activity during cell cycle progression in single cells, we found that cells exhibit pulses in their protein production rate....
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The facultative intracellular bacterium Legionella pneumophila replicates in environmental amoebae and in lung macrophages, and causes Legionnaires' disease. Here we show that L. pneumophila reversibly forms replicating and nonreplicating subpopulations of similar size within amoebae. The nonreplicating bacteria are viable and metabolically active, display increased antibiotic tolerance and a distinct proteome, and show high virulence as well as the capacity to form a degradation-resistant compartment....
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Mass spectrometry based proteomics has become the method of choice for pinpointing and monitoring thousands of post-translational modifications, predominately phosphorylation sites, in cellular signaling studies. Critical for achieving this analytical depth is the enrichment of phosphorylated peptides prior to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Despite the high prevalence of this modification, the numbers of identified phosphopeptides lag behind those achieved for unmodified peptides,...
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Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by similar to 10,500 y before the present ( BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers similar to 8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene...
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The lakeshores of western Switzerland are one of Europe's best-known Neolithic settlement areas, thanks to dendrochronological dating and the exceptional preservation of organic materials. Against this outstanding background, this study uses zooarchaeological data to answer a series of questions regarding the Neolithic economy, environment and human-environment interactions at these lakeshore sites. It also discusses, within an interdisciplinary framework, the possible impact climatic fluctuations,...
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Depressive symptoms in subjects at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) or at first-episode psychosis (FEP) are often treated with antidepressants. Our cross-sectional study investigated whether brain morphology is altered by antidepressant medication. High-resolution T; 1; -weighted structural MRI scans of 33 CHR-P and FEP subjects treated with antidepressants, 102 CHR-P and FEP individuals without antidepressant treatment and 55 controls, were automatically segmented using Freesurfer 6.0. Linear...
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Identifying robust markers for predicting the onset of psychosis has been a key challenge for early detection research. Persecutory delusions are core symptoms of psychosis, and social cognition is particularly impaired in first-episode psychosis patients and individuals at risk for developing psychosis. Here, we propose new avenues for translation provided by hierarchical Bayesian models of behaviour and neuroimaging data applied in the context of social learning to target persecutory delusions....
11h
Protected areas (PAs) play a critical role in conserving biodiversity and maintaining viable populations of threatened species. Yet, as global change could reduce the future effectiveness of existing PAs in covering high species richness, updating the boundaries of existing PAs or creating new ones might become necessary to uphold conservation goals. Modelling tools are increasingly used by policymakers to support the spatial prioritization of biodiversity conservation, enabling the inclusion of...
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We provide a comparative population genetic study of the elusive amphibian, Proteus anguinus , by comparing the genetic diversity and divergence among 4 cave populations (96 individuals) sampled in the Dinaric Karst of Croatia. We developed 10 variable microsatellite markers using pyrosequencing and applied them to the 4 selected populations belonging to 4 different cave systems. The results showed strong genetic differentiation between the 4 caves corroborating with previous findings suggesting...
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Strawberry gingivitis is a rare oral manifestation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis). It manifests as a red-purple hyperplastic gingivitis that frequently goes unrecognized as a disease-specific symptom, especially if it is the primary and only manifestation of the disease. GPA is a systemic necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis that takes a fatal course without treatment. Oral health care providers, who are among the first to examine the oral cavity,...
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Precise, expensive individual saw guides are used with increasing frequency for the reconstruction of mandibular defects with fibular grafts. In this report, an alternative is presented - the Multiuse Cutting Jig (MUC-Jig, proprietary development). It is reusable, suitable for all patients, requires simple planning based on conventional CT imaging, and is more economical.; To investigate its precision, we conducted a nonblinded experimental study, with ten participating craniomaxillofacial surgeons....
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This study was performed to determine whether an in-house printed mandible model is sufficiently accurate for daily clinical practice. Ten example mandible models were produced with a desktop 3D printer (fused filament fabrication, FFF) and compared with 10 equivalent mandible models fabricated using a professional-grade 3D printer (selective laser sintering, SLS). To determine the precision of the printed models, each model was scanned with an optical scanner. Subsequently, every model was compared...
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Acne vulgaris is a ubiquitary skin disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit resulting from bacterial colonization of hair follicles by Propionibacterium acnes, androgen-induced increased sebum production, altered keratinization and inflammation. Here, we review our current understanding of the genetic architecture of this intriguing disease. We analysed genomewide association studies (GWAS) and candidate genes studies for acne vulgaris. Moreover, we included GWAS studies...
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Acne vulgaris is a highly heritable common, chronic inflammatory disease of the skin for which five genetic risk loci have so far been identified. Here, we perform a genome-wide association study of 3823 cases and 16,144 controls followed by meta-analysis with summary statistics from a previous study, with a total sample size of 26,722. We identify 20 independent association signals at 15 risk loci, 12 of which have not been previously implicated in the disease. Likely causal variants disrupt the...
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The striking rise in the Internet utilization worldwide has led to major changes in the methods of data collection and processing. Online surveying has been used to assess different health services, explore patients' perceptions and measure interventions. The discipline of dermatology is one of the fields that gained benefits from surveying patients and dermatologists online; however, some disadvantages such as the low response rate and participation bias were suggested. This review summarizes the...
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Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, multisystemic skin disease characterized by recurrent episodes of pustulation. GPP can be life-threatening and is often difficult to treat. In the era of precision medicine in dermatology, GPP stands exemplary for both challenges and chances-while new treatments offer great hope, there is urgent need for better definition and stratification of this severe and heterogeneous disease. Our objective was to systematically review the literature for evidence...
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Digital health services are rapidly gaining acceptance in healthcare systems. Dermatology as an image-centric specialty is particularly well suited for telemedical services. However, dermatology patients' demands of electronic services remain largely unexplored.; This study investigated patients' views in primary, secondary, and tertiary referral centers. In August 2017, 841 questionnaires were filled in by dermatology patients.; 76.34% expressed interest in using digital healthcare services as part...
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