ObjectivesRecent studies have demonstrated worsened mental health in relatively highly developed countries impacted by social inequalities and unemployment. Here, we investigate (1) whether mental health issues are differently or similarly affected by these social factors and (2) whether their effects on mental health are related or unrelated to each other. SettingAnalysis at the country level among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries (n=36). Data on social indicators...
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IntroductionMedical pluralism, or concurrent utilisation of multiple therapeutic modalities, is common in various international contexts, and has been characterised as a factor contributing to poor health outcomes in low-resource settings. Traditional healers are ubiquitous providers in most regions, including the study site of southwestern Uganda. Where both informal and formal healthcare services are both available, patients do not engage with both options equally. It is not well understood why...
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ObjectiveMaking the diagnosis of asthma is challenging. Guidelines recommend that clinicians identify a group at ‘high probability’ of asthma. High probability, however, is not numerically defined giving rise to uncertainty. The aim of this work was to build consensus on what constitutes a high probability of asthma in primary care. High probability was defined as the probability threshold at which there is enough information to make a firm diagnosis of asthma, and a subsequent negative test would...
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ObjectivesNon-pharmacological treatments are an important aspect of dementia care. A wide range of interventions have been trialled for mild dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the variety of outcome measures used in these trials makes it difficult to make meaningful comparisons. The objective of this study is to map trends in which outcome measures are used in trials of non-pharmacological treatments in MCI and mild dementia. DesignScoping review. Data sourcesEMBASE, PsychINFO,...
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IntroductionThe early initiation of breast feeding is a high-impact intervention that gives newborns a better chance of survival. We assess the barriers and facilitators influencing the practice of early breast feeding of newborns in public primary healthcare facilities (PHCs) in Northeast Nigeria, to influence the planning of programmes targeted at improving newborn care in the region. MethodWe used an explanatory mixed-method approach. We conducted case observation of childbirths and newborn care...
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ObjectiveEarly childhood is a critical time to address risk factors associated with developmental vulnerability. This study investigated the associations between clusters of early life risk factors and developmental vulnerability in children’s first year of full-time school at age 5. DesignA retrospective cohort study. SettingPopulation-wide linkage of administrative data records for children born in Tasmania, Australia in 2008–2010. ParticipantsThe cohort comprised 5440 children born in Tasmania...
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IntroductionDiabetes affects more than 425 million people worldwide with a lifetime risk of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) of up to 25%. Management includes wound debridement, wound dressings, offloading, treatment of infection and ischaemia, optimising glycaemic control; use of advanced adjuvant therapies is limited by high cost and lack of robust evidence. Methods and analysisA multicentre, seamless phase II/III, open, parallel group, multi-arm multi-stage randomised controlled trial in patients with...
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ObjectivesThis study was an attempt to investigate the variation trend of body composition with ageing and explore the association between regional body composition and bone mineral density (BMD). DesignCross-sectional study. Setting and participantsA total of 5749 healthy adults aged 20–95 years was recruited from 2004 to 2017. Primary outcome measuresWhole-body lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), android FM, gynoid FM, appendicular lean mass (ALM) and BMD in the lumbar spine, femoral neck and...
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ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in the Irish population using a national pharmacy claims database in the absence of a national diabetes register. DesignNational, population-based, retrospective, cross-sectional study. SettingCommunity care with data available through the Health Service Executive Pharmacy Claims Reimbursement Scheme from 2011 to 2016. ParticipantsIndividuals with type 1 diabetes were identified by coprescription...
23h
ObjectivesTrust plays an important role in workplace-based postgraduate medical education programmes. Trainers must trust their trainees for granting them greater independence. Trainees must trust their trainer for a safe learning environment. As trainers’ and trainees’ trust in each other plays an important role in trainee learning and development, the authors aimed to explore the development of the mutual trust relationship between trainers and trainees. SettingThis study was performed in a general...
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IntroductionTraditional carotid endarterectomy is considered to be the standard technique for prevention of a new stroke in patients with a symptomatic carotid stenosis. Use of patch angioplasty to restore the arterial wall after longitudinal endarterectomy is, to date, not unequivocally proven to be superior to eversion technique. A systematic review is needed for evaluation of benefits and harms of the eversion technique versus the traditional endarterectomy with patch angioplasty in patients with...
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IntroductionAnaemia, especially in children aged <5 years, is a global health problem disproportionately affecting populations in low-income and middle-income countries. It is associated with high disability and death rates and has a negative effect on development. This study seeks to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of anaemia in children aged 6–59 months residing in Africa. Methods and analysisThis protocol was prepared using the 2015 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews...
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ObjectiveTo investigate the validity and feasibility of a self-administered home vision examination programme in China. DesignCross-sectional study. SettingYueqing, China. ParticipantsA two-stage convenience sampling procedure was used to randomly select 600 households from 30 communities participating in the Yueqing Eye Study (YES). The aim of YES is to encourage home-based vision screening, reporting of visual acuity (VA) annually through social media and encouraging people to attend follow-up...
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ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility and optimal design of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of Seizure First Aid Training For Epilepsy (SAFE). DesignPilot RCT with embedded microcosting. SettingThree English hospital emergency departments (EDs). ParticipantsPatients aged ≥16 with established epilepsy reporting ≥2 ED visits in the prior 12 months and their significant others (SOs). InterventionsPatients (and their SOs) were randomly allocated (1:1) to SAFE plus treatment-as-usual (TAU)...
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ObjectivesThis study had three objectives: (1) describe the prevalence of occupational exposure among Chinese medical personnel in detail, (2) verify the partial mediating role of work environment satisfaction in the relationship between occupational exposure and job satisfaction, and (3) examine if stress symptoms moderate the relationship between occupational exposure and job satisfaction. DesignA large cross-sectional online survey was conducted in July 2018 in China. SettingA survey was conducted...
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ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to ascertain the reasons for emergency department (ED) attendance among patients with a history of atrial fibrillation (AF). DesignAppropriate ED attendance was defined by the requirement for an electrical or chemical cardioversion and/or an attendance resulting in hospitalisation or administration of intravenous medications for ventricular rate control. Quantitative and qualitative responses were recorded and analysed using descriptive statistics...
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IntroductionOptimising the safety of obstetric patient care is a primary concern for many hospitals. Performance indicators measuring aspects of patient care processes can lead to improvements in health systems and the prevention of harm to the patient. We present our protocol for a scoping review to identify indicators for obstetric safety in low risk births. We aim to identify indicators addressing preventable hospital harms, to summarise the data and synthesise results. Methods and analysisWe...
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ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to analyse the rate of knee arthroplasty in the population of patients with a history of arthroscopic chondroplasty of the knee, in England, over 10 years, with comparison to general population data for patients without a history of chondroplasty. DesignRetrospective cohort study. SettingEnglish Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data. Participants and interventionsPatients undergoing arthroscopic chondroplasty in England between 2007/2008 and 2016/2017...
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IntroductionLassa fever (LF) is a severe and often fatal systemic disease in humans and affects a large number of countries in West Africa. Treatment options are limited to supportive care and the broad-spectrum antiviral agent ribavirin. However, evidence for ribavirin efficacy in patients with LF is poor and pharmacokinetic (PK) data are not available. Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH) developed an intravenous ribavirin regimen different to the WHO recommendation. Apart from a lower total...
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Zhao B, Zeng L, Zhao J, et al. Association of magnesium intake with type 2 diabetes and total stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2020;10:e032240. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032240 The affiliation for Binghao Zhao was incomplete in the published article. The correct affiliations are below. Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital,...
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Ruigómez A, Vora P, Balabanova Y, et al. Discontinuation of non-Vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a population-based cohort study using primary care data from The Health Improvement Network in the UK. BMJ Open 2019;9:e031342. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031342. This article was previously published with an error. In table 1, the mean age of patients in the Rivaroxaban column should read 74.3 (10.5) and not 71.7 (14.4).
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Abstract Purpose Haploidentical related donor (HRD) transplantation was performed in 7 recipients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) who had no matched-related or unrelated donor. Methods Peripheral blood cell (PBC) products were used with a conditioning regimen consisting of low-dose cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, total body irradiation, and busulfan....
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Abstract Background Improved survival in ADA-SCID patients is revealing new aspects of the systemic disorder. Although increasing numbers of reports describe the systemic manifestations of adenosine deaminase deficiency, currently there are no studies in the literature evaluating genital development and pubertal progress in these patients. Methods We collected...
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Abstract Studies of genetic blood disorders have advanced our understanding of the intrinsic regulation of hematopoiesis. However, such genetic studies have only yielded limited insights into how interactions between hematopoietic cells and their microenvironment are regulated. Here, we describe two affected siblings with infantile myelofibrosis and myeloproliferation that share a common de novo mutation in the Rho GTPase CDC42 (Chr1:22417990:C>T, p.R186C) due to paternal germline...
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Abstract Health-related quality of life was a secondary endpoint in the phase III GALLIUM study in previously untreated patients with follicular lymphoma who were treated with rituximab- or obinutuzumab-chemotherapy. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive induction therapy with obinutuzumab- or rituximab-chemotherapy and maintenance in responders. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Lymphoma questionnaire, incorporating...
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Abstract Secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulins (MIg) detected in the serum and/or urine is one of the typical features of multiple myeloma (MM). However, some patients secrete MIg in quantities below “measurable” (termed oligosecretory MM) and others have no detectable MIgs by standard serum and urine immunofixation (termed non-secretory MM). In a cohort of 852 consecutive patients with active myeloma, we identified 100 (11.7%) patients with oligo/non-secretory MM, including...
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Abstract Germinotropic lymphoproliferative disorder is a rare and rather enigmatic novel entity with distinctive clinicopathological features, one of which is the typical co-infection by Human herpesvirus 8 and Epstein-Barr virus. Human herpesvirus 8 is a lymphotropic virus detected in Kaposi sarcoma, multicentric Castleman disease, primary effusion lymphoma, Human herpesvirus 8-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma not otherwise specified, and germinotropic lymphoproliferative...
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Abstract Patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP CML) can be effectively treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and achieve a lifespan similar to the general population. The success of TKIs, however, requires long-term and sometimes lifelong treatment; thus, patient-assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become an increasingly important parameter for treatment selection. Bosutinib is a TKI approved for CP CML in newly diagnosed...
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Abstract Background The etiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is confirmed. However, the role of other oncoviruses in OPSCC is unknown. Materials and methods A total of 158 consecutive OPSCC patients treated with curative intent were included. DNA extracted from tumor sections was used...
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Abstract Introduction Microsatellite instability (MSI) predict response to anti-PD1 immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC). CRCs with MSI have higher infiltration of immune cells related to a better survival. Elevated Microsatellite Alterations at Tetranucleotides (EMAST) is a form of MSI but its association with PD-L1 expression and immune-cell infiltration is not known. ...
15h
Abstract Functional rescue of NK-cells in solid tumors represents a central aim for new immunotherapeutic strategies. We have conducted a genomic, phenotypic and functional analysis of circulating NK-cells from patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NK-cells were sorted from patients with HCC or liver cirrhosis and from healthy donors. Comparative mRNA gene expression profiling by whole-human-genome microarrays of sorted NK-cells was followed by...
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Abstract Objectives Early clinical trials showed promising outcomes with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in a subset of patients with relapsed small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). The aim of this retrospective analysis was to assess the efficacy and safety of ICI for relapsed SCLC in a real-world patient population. Methods Nine cancer centres in Switzerland...
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Abstract HLA-DR, an MHC class II molecule that mediates antigen presentation, is a favourable prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the dynamics and location of HLA-DR expression during CRC development are unclear. We aimed to define HLA-DR expression by immunohistochemistry in colorectal epithelium and stromal tissue at different stages of cancer development, assessing non-neoplastic colorectal adenocarcinoma–adjacent tissue, adenomas and carcinoma tissues,...
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Abstract Background Adoptive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) therapy and interleukin-2 (IL-2) have been investigated in melanoma. Aim To confirm previously observed preventive effects of TIL + IL2 in a subgroup of patients with relapsing metastatic stage III melanoma. Methodology...
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Abstract Purpose Tumor microenvironment is important in the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and its prognostic value is still unclear. Recent reports demonstrated tumor-infiltrating CD39+CD8+ T cells are abundant, but their function remains obscure. We aim to assess clinical value of CD39+CD8+ T cells and seek a potential therapeutic target in ccRCC. Experimental...
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Abstract Background Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and their subsets contribute to breast cancer prognosis. We investigated the prognostic impact of CD3+, CD8+ and FOXP3+ TILs in patients with early intermediate/high-risk breast cancer treated with adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy within two randomized trials conducted by our Group. Methods ...
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Abstract Enhanced tumor glycolytic activity is a mechanism by which tumors induce an immunosuppressive environment to resist adoptive T cell therapy; therefore, methods of assessing intratumoral glycolytic activity are of considerable clinical interest. In this study, we characterized the relationships among tumor 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) retention, tumor metabolic and immune phenotypes, and survival in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We retrospectively...
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Publication date: Available online 20 April 2020Source: Journal of BiomechanicsAuthor(s): Jack A. Martin, Matthew W. Kindig, Christina J. Stender, William R. Ledoux, Darryl G. Thelen
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Publication date: Available online 20 April 2020Source: Journal of BiomechanicsAuthor(s): Stróżyk Przemysław, Bałchanowski Jacek
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Publication date: Available online 18 April 2020Source: Journal of BiomechanicsAuthor(s): Axel S. Koopman, Matthias Näf, Saskia J. Baltrusch, Idsart Kingma, Carlos Rodriguez-Guerrero, Jan Babič, Michiel P. de Looze, Jaap H. van Dieën
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Publication date: Available online 18 April 2020Source: Journal of BiomechanicsAuthor(s): Patrick M. Williamson, Philip Hanna, Kaveh Momenzadeh, Aron Lechtig, Stephen Okajima, Arun J. Ramappa, Joseph P. DeAngelis, Ara Nazarian
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Publication date: Available online 18 April 2020Source: Journal of BiomechanicsAuthor(s): B.L. O'Reilly, N. Hynes, S. Sultan, P.E. McHugh, J.P. McGarry
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Publication date: Available online 18 April 2020Source: Journal of BiomechanicsAuthor(s): Vani H. Sundaram, Sarah L. Hemler, Arnab Chanda, Joel M. Haight, Mark S. Redfern, Kurt E. Beschorner
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