Phytophthora megakarya and P. palmivora are oomycete pathogens that cause black pod rot of cacao (Theobroma cacao), the most economically important disease on cacao globally. While P. palmivora is a cosmopolitan pathogen, P. megakarya, which is more aggressive on cacao than P. palmivora, has been reported only in West and Central Africa where it has been spreading and devastating cacao farms since the 1950s. In this study, we reconstructed the complete diploid genomes of multiple isolates of both...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:31
Genetic background commonly modifies the effects of mutations. We discovered that worms mutant for the canonical rol-1 gene, identified by Brenner in 1974, do not roll in the genetic background of the wild strain CB4856. Using linkage mapping, association analysis and gene editing, we determined that N2 carries an insertion in the collagen gene col-182 that acts as a recessive enhancer of rol-1 rolling. From population and comparative genomics, we infer the insertion is derived in N2 and related...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:31
Genetic variation in susceptibility to complex diseases, such as cancer, is well-established. Enrichment of disease associated alleles in specific populations could have implications for disease incidence and prevalence. Prostate cancer (PCa) is a disease with well-established higher incidence, prevalence, and worse outcomes among men of African ancestry in comparison to other populations. PCa is a multi-factorial, complex disease, but the exact mechanisms for its development and progression are...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:31
Linkage mapping has been widely used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) in many plants and usually requires a time-consuming and labor-intensive fine mapping process to find the causal gene underlying the QTL. Previously, we described QTG-Finder, a machine-learning algorithm to rationally prioritize candidate causal genes in QTLs. While it showed good performance, QTG-Finder could only be used in Arabidopsis and rice because of the limited number of known causal genes in other species. Here...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:31
The use of haplotypes may improve the accuracy of genomic prediction over single SNPs because haplotypes can better capture linkage disequilibrium and genomic similarity in different lines and may capture local high-order allelic interactions. Additionally, prediction accuracy could be improved by portraying population structure in the calibration set. A set of 383 advanced lines and cultivars that represent the diversity of the University of Minnesota wheat breeding program was phenotyped for yield,...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:31
Quantitative traits are important targets of both natural and artificial selection. The genetic architecture of these traits and its change during the adaptive process is thus of fundamental interest. The fate of the additive effects of variants underlying a trait receives particular attention because they constitute the genetic variation component that is transferred from parents to offspring and thus governs the response to selection. While estimation of this component of phenotypic variation is...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:31
Ant-infecting Ophiocordyceps fungi are globally distributed, host manipulating, specialist parasites that drive aberrant behaviors in infected ants, at a lethal cost to the host. An apparent increase in activity and wandering behaviors precedes a final summiting and biting behavior onto vegetation, which positions the manipulated ant in a site beneficial for fungal growth and transmission. We investigated the genetic underpinnings of host manipulation by: (i) producing a high-quality hybrid assembly...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:31
C-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS-C), one of the three major CMS types in maize, has a promising application prospect in hybrid seed production. However, the complex genetic mechanism underlying the fertility restoration of CMS-C remains poorly understood. The maize inbred line A619 is one of the rare strong restorer lines carrying the restorer gene Rf4, but different fertility segregation ratios are found in several F2 populations derived from crosses between isocytoplasmic allonucleus CMS-C...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:31
Although seed and pod traits are important for peanut breeding, little is known about the inheritance of these traits. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 156 lines from a cross of Tifrunner x NC 3033 was genotyped with the Axiom_Arachis1 SNP array and SSRs to generate a genetic map composed of 1524 markers in 29 linkage groups (LG). The genetic positions of markers were compared with their physical positions on the peanut genome to confirm the validity of the linkage map and explore the...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:31
Hummingbirds in flight exhibit the highest mass-specific metabolic rate of all vertebrates. The bioenergetic requirements associated with sustained hovering flight raise the possibility of unique amino acid substitutions that would enhance aerobic metabolism. Here, we have identified a non-conservative substitution within the mitochondria-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) that is fixed within hummingbirds, but not among other vertebrates. This unusual change is also rare among metazoans,...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:31
Characterizing the distribution of fitness effects (DFE) for new mutations is central in evolutionary genetics. Analysis of molecular data under the McDonald-Kreitman test has suggested that adaptive substitutions make a substantial contribution to between-species divergence. Methods have been proposed to estimate the parameters of the distribution of fitness effects for positively selected mutations from the unfolded site frequency spectrum (uSFS). Such methods perform well when beneficial mutations...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:31
Maize landraces are well adapted to their local environments and present valuable sources of genetic diversity for breeding and conservation. But the maintenance of open-pollinated landraces in ex-situ programs is challenging, as regeneration of seed can often lead to inbreeding depression and the loss of diversity due to genetic drift. Recent reports suggest that the production of doubled-haploid (DH) lines from landraces may serve as a convenient means to preserve genetic diversity in a homozygous...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:31
The aim of this study was to analyze the genomic homology between cattle (Bos taurus) and buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and to propose a rearrangement of the buffalo genome through linkage disequilibrium analyses of buffalo SNP markers referenced in the cattle genome assembly and also compare it to the buffalo genome assembly. A panel of bovine SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) was used for hierarchical, non-hierarchical and admixture cluster analyses. Thus, the linkage disequilibrium information...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:31
Crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci (COTS), are common in coral reefs of Indo-Pacific Ocean. Since they are highly fecund predators of corals, periodic outbreaks of COTS cause substantial loss of healthy coral reefs. Using complete mitochondrial DNA sequences, we here examined how COTS outbreaks in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan are reflected by the profile of their population genetics. Population genetics of the blue starfish, Linckia laevigata, which lives in the Ryukyu Archipelago, but...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:31
A long-standing effort in biology is to precisely define and group phenotypes that characterize a biological process, and the genes that underpin them. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other organisms, functional screens have generated rich lists of phenotypes associated with individual genes. However, it is often challenging to identify sets of phenotypes and genes that are most closely associated with a given biological process. Here, we focused on the 166 phenotypes arising from loss-of-function...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:31
The C-terminal domain (CTD) is an essential domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, Rpb1p, and is composed of 26 tandem repeats of a seven-amino acid sequence, YSPTSPS. Despite being an essential domain within an essential gene, we have previously demonstrated that the CTD coding region is genetically unstable. Furthermore, yeast with a truncated or mutated CTD sequence are capable of promoting spontaneous genetic expansion or contraction of this coding region to improve fitness. We investigated...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:31
Pleiotropy, the concept that a single gene controls multiple distinct traits, is prevalent in most organisms and has broad implications for medicine and agriculture. The identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying pleiotropy has the power to reveal previously unknown biological connections between seemingly unrelated traits. Additionally, the discovery of pleiotropic genes increases our understanding of both genetic and phenotypic complexity by characterizing novel gene functions. Quantitative...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:31
Related Articles Single and repeated low-dose UVB radiation exposures affect the visual system. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2020 Jun 28;209:111941 Authors: Vaz VVA, Jardim da Silva L, Geihs MA, Maciel FE, Nery LEM, Vargas MA Abstract The visual system is an important biological indicator of effects induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, research has extensively investigated the effects of high-dose UV radiation in a single exposure, thus,...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 17:45
Publication date: Available online 6 July 2020Source: Auris Nasus LarynxAuthor(s): Masaomi Motegi, Yutaka Yamamoto, Kotaro Ouchi, Taisuke Akutsu, Takeshi Tada, Sho Kurihara, Masahiro Takahashi, Sayaka Sampei, Hiromi Sano, Tsunetaro Morino, Manabu Komori, Kazuhisa Yamamoto, Yuika Sakurai, Hiromi Kojima
Tue Jul 07, 2020 17:37
4304 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: medical science These pubmed results were generated on 2020/07/07PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Tue Jul 07, 2020 17:32
4304 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: medical science These pubmed results were generated on 2020/07/07PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Tue Jul 07, 2020 13:33
Tue Jul 07, 2020 03:00
Publication date: Available online 6 July 2020Source: Journal of VoiceAuthor(s): Gustavo Levandoski, Paulo Henrique Trombetta Zannin
Tue Jul 07, 2020 17:24
Abstract Introduction Spasticity is the result of an exaggeration of the monosynaptic muscle stretch reflex due to lesions affecting the central nervous system, in particular an upper motor neuron lesion. Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is a surgical technique developed to treat spastic diplegia, one of the common forms of cerebral palsy, resulting from the lack of supraspinal inhibitory controls. The aim of SDR is to identify and...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 03:00
Tue Jul 07, 2020 03:00
Publication date: Available online 6 July 2020Source: Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen MolecularAuthor(s): J.L. Gómez-Perales, M.T. Gutiérrez-Amares, J.M. Freire-Macías
Tue Jul 07, 2020 17:10
Publication date: Available online 6 July 2020Source: Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen MolecularAuthor(s): S. Guzmán Ortiz, J. Mucientes Rasilla, J.A. Vargas Núñez, A. Royuela, B. Navarro Matilla, M. Mitjavila Casanovas
Tue Jul 07, 2020 17:10
24 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: epilepsy treatment These pubmed results were generated on 2020/07/07PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Tue Jul 07, 2020 17:06
24 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: epilepsy treatment These pubmed results were generated on 2020/07/07PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Tue Jul 07, 2020 13:16
Abstract Many diseases, including caries, chronic inflammatory diseases, diabetes, and obesity, are associated with uncontrolled sugar consumption. Artificial sweeteners are commonly used in food and pharmaceutical industries as sugar substitutes for the prevention of several dental and body diseases; they also have a favorable impact on body weight as they may help to restrict simple sugar consumption. Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used as a sweetener. It can be...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 03:00
69 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: human homeostasis These pubmed results were generated on 2020/07/07PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Tue Jul 07, 2020 17:01
69 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: human homeostasis These pubmed results were generated on 2020/07/07PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Tue Jul 07, 2020 13:01
Related Articles Outcomes of Desidustat Treatment in People with Anemia and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Phase 2 Study. Am J Nephrol. 2019;49(6):470-478 Authors: Parmar DV, Kansagra KA, Patel JC, Joshi SN, Sharma NS, Shelat AD, Patel NB, Nakrani VB, Shaikh FA, Patel HV, on behalf of the ZYAN1 Trial Investigators Abstract BACKGROUND: Desidustat (ZYAN1) is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) that stimulates erythropoiesis....
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:56
Related Articles Electroacupuncture-Related Metabolic Brain Connectivity in Neuropathic Pain due to Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury in Rats. Front Neural Circuits. 2020;14:35 Authors: Hou AL, Zheng MX, Hua XY, Huo BB, Shen J, Xu JG Abstract Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) in neuropathic pain due to brachial plexus avulsion injury (BPAI) and related changes in the metabolic brain...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:52
Related Articles Cannabis-like activity of Zornia latifolia Sm. detected in vitro on rat cortical neurons: major role of the flavone syzalterin. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2020 Jul 06;:1-13 Authors: Alloisio S, Clericuzio M, Nobile M, Salis A, Damonte G, Canali C, Fortuna-Perez AP, Cornara L, Burlando B Abstract Zornia latifolia is a plant suspected to possess psychoactive properties and marketed as a marijuana substitute under the name 'maconha brava'....
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:48
Related Articles Cluster Analysis of Inhalant Allergens in South Korea: A Computational Model of Allergic Sensitization. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Jul 07;: Authors: Kim DK, Park YS, Cha KJ, Jang D, Ryu S, Kim KR, Kim SH, Yoon HJ, Cho SH Abstract Objectives: Sensitization to specific inhalant allergens is a major risk factor for the development of atopic diseases, which impose a major socioeconomic burden and significantly diminish quality...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:44
Related Articles Application of an Intraoperative Neuromonitoring System Using a Surface Pressure Sensor in Parotid Surgery: A Rabbit Model Study. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Jul 07;: Authors: Sung ES, Kwon HK, Shin SC, Cheon YI, Lee JW, Park DH, Choi SW, Kim HB, Park HJ, Lee JC, Ro JH, Lee BJ Abstract Objectives: Facial nerve monitoring (FNM) can be used to identify the facial nerve, to obtain information regarding its course, and to evaluate...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 16:44
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