Background Algorithms for predicting infection with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) on hospital admission or in patients with bacteraemia have been proposed, aiming to optimise empiric treatment decisions. Aim We sought to confirm external validity and transferability of two published prediction models as well as their integral components. Methods We performed a retrospective case–control study at University Hospital Basel, Switzerland....
Thu Jul 02, 2020 03:00
High-resolution X-ray microcomputed tomography, or microCT (CT), enables the digital imaging of whole objects in three dimensions. The power of CT to visualise internal features without disarticulation makes it particularly valuable for the study of museum collections, which house millions of physical specimens documenting the spatio-temporal patterns of life. Despite its potential for comparative analyses, most CT studies include limited numbers of museum specimens, due to the challenges of digitising...
Thu Jul 02, 2020 03:00
The bilaterally symmetric animals (Bilateria) are considered to comprise two monophyletic groups, Protostomia and Deuterostomia. Protostomia contains the Ecdysozoa and the Lophotrochozoa; Deuterostomia contains the Chordata and the Xenambulacraria (Hemichordata, Echinodermata and Xenacoelomorpha). Their names refer to a supposed distinct origin of the mouth (stoma) in the two clades, but these groups have been differentiated by other embryological characters including embryonic cleavage patterns...
Thu Jul 02, 2020 03:00
SARS-CoV-2 is a once-in-a-century pandemic, having emerged suddenly as a highly infectious viral pathogen. Previous phylogenetic analyses show its closest known evolutionary relative to be a virus isolated from bats (RaTG13), with a common assumption that SARS-CoV-2 evolved from a zoonotic ancestor via recent genetic changes (likely in the Spike protein receptor binding domain, or RBD) that enabled it to infect humans. We used detailed phylogenetic analysis, ancestral sequence reconstruction, and...
Thu Jul 02, 2020 03:00
Hybridisation is a major source of evolutionary innovation. However, several prezygotic and postzygotic factors influence its likelihood and evolutionary outcomes. Differences in mating systems can have a major effect on the extent and direction of hybridisation and introgression. In plants, epigenetic mechanisms help to stabilize hybrid genomes and contribute to reproductive isolation, but the relationship between genetic and epigenetic changes in animal hybrids is unclear. We analysed the extent...
Thu Jul 02, 2020 03:00
Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of an organism to express multiple phenotypes in response to the prevailing environmental conditions without genetic change. This response may thus occur to anthropogenic modifications of that environment and may be asymmetric. Arguably, the most significant future anthropogenic modification of the environment is contemporary climate change. We tested the effect of a temperature differential of 4 C on the Arctic charr phenotypic response within a generation, mimicking...
Thu Jul 02, 2020 03:00
Stress is thought to increase mutation rate and thus to accelerate evolution. In the context of antibiotic resistance, sub-inhibitory treatments could then lead to enhanced evolvability, thereby fueling the adaptation of pathogens. Conducting a meta-analysis of published experimental data as well as our own experiments, we found that the increase in mutation rates triggered by antibiotic treatments is often canceled out by reduced population size, resulting in no overall increase in genetic diversity....
Thu Jul 02, 2020 03:00
Mullerian mimicry is a positive interspecific interaction, whereby co-occurring defended prey species share a common aposematic signal that advertises their defences to predators. In Lepidoptera, aposematic species typically harbour conspicuous opaque wing colour pattern, which have convergent optical properties, as perceived by predators. Surprisingly, some aposematic mimetic species have partially or totally transparent wings, which raises the question of whether optical properties of such transparent...
Thu Jul 02, 2020 03:00
Phenotypic plasticity is the variation in phenotype that a single genotype can produce in different environments and, as such, is an important component of individual fitness. However, whether the effect of new mutations, and hence evolution, depends on the direction of plasticity remains controversial. Here, we identify the cis-acting modifications that have reshaped gene expression in response to dehydration stress in three Arabidopsis species. Our study shows that the direction of effects of most...
Thu Jul 02, 2020 03:00
Different mating systems can strongly affect the extent of genetic diversity and population structure among species. Given the increased effects of genetic drift on reduced population size, theory predicts that species undergoing self-fertilization should have greater population structure than outcrossed species, however demographic dynamics may affect this scenario. The mangrove killifish clade is composed of the two only known examples of self-fertilising species among vertebrates (Kryptolebias...
Thu Jul 02, 2020 03:00
Reproductive isolation plays an important role in population differentiation and speciation, thus enhancing biodiversity in wild plants. Hybridisation sometimes involves rapid reproductive isolation between parents and their hybrids through the novel traits of hybrids derived from a new combination of genomes. Here, we report how a hybrids' new phenotype contributes to rapid reproductive isolation between two ecotypes of Imperata cylindrica. The two ecotypes differ in their flowering phenology and...
Thu Jul 02, 2020 03:00
The importance of behavioural evolution during speciation is well established, but we know little about how this is manifest in sensory and neural systems. Although a handful of studies have linked specific neural changes to divergence in host or mate preferences associated with speciation, how brains respond to broad environmental transitions, and whether this contributes to reproductive isolation, remains unknown. Here, we examine divergence in brain morphology and neural gene expression between...
Thu Jul 02, 2020 03:00
SARS-CoV-2 caused a global pandemic in early 2020 and has resulted in more than 8,000,000 infections as well as 430,000 deaths in the world so far. Four structural proteins, envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) glycoprotein, play a key role in controlling the entry into human cells and virion assembly of SARS-CoV-2. However, how these genes evolve during its human to human transmission is largely unknown. In this study, we screened and analyzed roughly 3090 SARS-CoV-2 isolates...
Thu Jul 02, 2020 03:00
Geographic patterns of human allele frequency variation: a variant-centric perspective [NEW RESULTS]
Genetic variation is often described by showing relationships among populations or individuals. Here, we present an alternative representation of genetic variation that reveals the relative abundance of different allele frequency patterns across populations. Applied to human data, this approach allows viewers to easily see several key features of human genetic variation: (1) most variants are rare and geographically localized, (2) variants that are common in any single region are likely to be shared...
Thu Jul 02, 2020 03:00
The carpel is the definitive structure of angiosperms and the origin of the carpel is of great significance to the phylogenetic origin of angiosperms. The traditional view has been that angiosperm carpels emerged from structures similar to macrosporophylls of pteridosperms or Bennettitales, which bear ovules on the surface of foliar organs. Conversely, according to other perspectives, carpels originated from foliar appendages enclosing the ovule-bearing axis. One of the key distinctions between the...
Wed Jul 01, 2020 03:00
Biological evolution exhibits an extraordinary capability to adapt organisms to their environments. The explanation for this often takes for granted that random genetic variation produces at least some beneficial phenotypic variation for natural selection to act on. Such genetic evolvability could itself be a product of evolution, but it is widely acknowledged that the immediate selective gains of evolvability are small on short timescales. So how do biological systems come to exhibit such extraordinary...
Wed Jul 01, 2020 03:00
Type 2 diabetes typically originates in persons with obesity-induced insulin resistance, but the condition manifests clinically as hyperglycemia due to diminished capacity of beta cells to adapt by increasing insulin secretion. Chronic hyperglycemia is accompanied by both microvascular and…
Thu Jul 02, 2020 03:00
The continuing spread of SARS-CoV-2 remains a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. What physicians need to know about transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of Covid-19 is the subject of ongoing updates from infectious disease experts at the Journal. In this audio interview conducted…
Thu Jul 02, 2020 03:00
Related Articles Can We Apply the Salivary Pepsin Test for Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Primary Practice? J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020 Jun 30;26(3):417-418 Authors: Lee TH PMID: 32606262 [PubMed]
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Related Articles Minimally Invasive Gastric Electrical Stimulation Using a Newly Developed Wireless Gastrostimulator: A Pilot Animal Study. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020 Jun 30;26(3):410-416 Authors: Kim SH, Kim HB, Chun HJ, Choi HS, Kim ES, Keum B, Seo YS, Jeen YT, Lee HS, Um SH, Kim CD Abstract Background/Aims: Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is a feasible modality for the treatment of gastroparesis; however, the presently available...
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Related Articles EphrinA1/EphA2 Promotes Epithelial Hyperpermeability Involving in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020 Jun 30;26(3):397-409 Authors: Chen Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Bai T, Song J, Qian W, Hou X Abstract Background/Aims: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the key factor inducing mucosal and systemic inflammation in various intestinal and parenteral diseases, which could initially disrupt...
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Related Articles Assessment of Pyloric Sphincter Physiology Using Functional Luminal Imaging Probe in Healthy Volunteers. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020 Jun 30;26(3):391-396 Authors: Jagtap N, Kalapala R, Reddy DN Abstract Background/Aims: The functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) can measure tissue distensibility and geometric changes through volumetric distention. The esophagogastric junction has been well studied using EndoFLIP, studies...
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Related Articles Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance and pH Monitoring: A Step Towards Pediatric Reference Values. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020 Jun 30;26(3):370-377 Authors: Cresi F, Cester EA, Salvatore S, De Rose DU, Ripepi A, Magistà AM, Fontana C, Maggiora E, Coscia A, Francavilla R, Cristofori F Abstract Background/Aims: Combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring (MII/pH) is considered the most accurate test to detect...
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Related Articles Performing High-resolution Impedance Manometry After Endoscopy With Conscious Sedation Has Negligible Effects on Esophageal Motility Results. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020 Jun 30;26(3):352-361 Authors: Su H, Carlson DA, Donnan E, Kou W, Prescott J, Decorrevont A, Shilati F, Masihi M, Pandolfino JE Abstract Background/Aims: High-resolution manometry (HRM) performed without sedation is the standard procedure. However, some...
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Related Articles Effect of Body Position on High-resolution Esophageal Manometry Variables and Final Manometric Diagnosis. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020 Jun 30;26(3):335-343 Authors: Riva CG, Siboni S, Ferrari D, Sozzi M, Capuzzo M, Asti E, Ogliari C, Bonavina L Abstract Background/Aims: According to the Chicago classification version 3.0, high-resolution manometry (HRM) should be performed in the supine position. However, with the patient...
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Related Articles Functional Dyspepsia: A Narrative Review With a Focus on Sex-Gender Differences. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020 Jun 30;26(3):322-334 Authors: Kim YS, Kim N Abstract Functional dyspepsia (FD) is among the most common gastrointestinal disorders affecting quality of life (QoL). As it frequently occurs in women than in men the comparison of various aspects including prevalence, clinical manifestations, and QoL in FD between women...
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Related Articles The Lyon Consensus: Does It Differ From the Previous Ones? J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020 Jun 30;26(3):311-321 Authors: Ghisa M, Barberio B, Savarino V, Marabotto E, Ribolsi M, Bodini G, Zingone F, Frazzoni M, Savarino E Abstract Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a complex disorder with heterogeneous symptoms and a multifaceted pathogenetic basis, which prevent a simple diagnostic algorithm or any categorical classification....
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Related Articles The Practice of Gastrointestinal Motility Laboratory During COVID-19 Pandemic: Position Statements of the Asian Neurogastroenterology and Motility Association (ANMA-GML-COVID-19 Position Statements). J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020 Jun 30;26(3):299-310 Authors: Siah KTH, Rahman MM, Ong AML, Soh AYS, Lee YY, Xiao Y, Sachdeva S, Jung KW, Wang YP, Oshima T, Patcharatrakul T, Tseng PH, Goyal O, Pang J, Lai CKC, Park JH, Mahadeva S, Cho YK, Wu JCY,...
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Related Articles Toward an Improved Treatment for Gastroparesis. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020 Jun 30;26(3):297-298 Authors: Kim TH PMID: 32606252 [PubMed]
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Stem Cells and Development, Ahead of Print.
Thu Jul 02, 2020 10:00
Stem Cells and Development, Ahead of Print.
Thu Jul 02, 2020 10:00
MRI DORSAL SPINEA well-defined unilocular cystic lesion measuring approximately 20 mm in posterior mediastinum adjacent to the dorsal spine at D4 – D5 level at 11 o'clock position on axial sections. No obvious adjacent osseous involvement or intraspinal extension.Imaging diagnosis: Appears an incidental non-tumoural posterior mediastinal cyst-like Mullerian cyst.Other DDs:No associated vertebral anomaly to suggest Neuroenteric cyst. The lesion is not close to trachea or oesophagus to suggest duplication...
06:38
Histiocyte-rich pseudotumors (HRPT) developing postchemoradiation therapy are a florid response to treatment and reparative change. Although these are benign processes, clinically and radiologically, these may mimic recurrent/relapsed disease. We describe a case of an adult male with history of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), status postchemoradiation therapy, who developed HRPT at the site of original involvement, mimicking relapse of disease on positron emission tomography/computed tomography...
Thu Jul 02, 2020 19:05
Thyroid, Ahead of Print.
Thu Jul 02, 2020 10:00
Thyroid, Ahead of Print.
Thu Jul 02, 2020 10:00
Wed Jul 01, 2020 10:00
Thyroid, Ahead of Print.
Wed Jul 01, 2020 10:00
Thyroid, Ahead of Print.
Wed Jul 01, 2020 10:00
Thyroid, Ahead of Print.
Wed Jul 01, 2020 10:00
Thyroid, Ahead of Print.
Wed Jul 01, 2020 10:00
Journal of Neurotrauma, Ahead of Print.
Thu Jul 02, 2020 10:00
Journal of Neurotrauma, Ahead of Print.
Wed Jul 01, 2020 10:00
In the original version of this article, the Figure 3 was published in an incorrect format, even though the data and the related information in the text are correct.
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Abstract Rationale Major depressive disorder is a psychiatric disorder that requires considerable attention, since it dramatically impairs the quality of life of the sufferers. The available treatments do not have the efficacy needed, often presenting several side effects. Organoselenium compounds and benzamides have presented some pharmacological properties, among them an antidepressant-like effect. ...
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Abstract Rationale Individuals suffering from alcohol use disorder (AUD) demonstrate difficulty with decision-making and impulsivity that may be associated with impaired frontal cortical function. Therapeutics that enhance frontal dopamine tone could decrease impulsivity and in turn reduce alcohol consumption in individuals with AUD. Objectives To determine...
Thu Jul 02, 2020 03:00
Tissue Engineering Part A, Ahead of Print.
Thu Jul 02, 2020 10:00
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