No abstract available
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
No abstract available
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
No abstract available
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
No abstract available
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
Sebastian “Satu” Kopke rides the pedal-controlled eRockit on Germany’s famed Autobahn. (eRockit/)This story originally featured on Cycle Volta.Driving on Germany’s Autobahn is a bucket-list experience for many an automotive enthusiast. But what about pedaling a two-wheeler on it?Hennigsdorf, Germany-based eRockit put the idea to the test recently, with German extreme stunt athlete Sebastian “Satu” Kopke piloting the company’s pedal-controlled electric motorcycle on the famed highway system.“The eRockit...
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People of color are also significantly more likely to experience lower-quality healthcare, have less access to resources like education, and to experience prejudice in their professional and personal lives. (Unsplash/)Over the past couple weeks, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has faded into the background of national discourse as thousands across the country have taken to the streets to protest other urgent public health concerns: police violence and anti-Black racism itself. In the midst of widespread...
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The anti-malarial pills may be a bust when it comes to COVID-19 (Julie Viken/Pexels/)Follow all of PopSci’s COVID-19 coverage here, including tips on cleaning groceries, ways to tell if your symptoms are just allergies, and a tutorial on making your own mask.The final nail doesn’t seem to be in the coffin yet for hydroxychloroquine, but more evidence now suggests that the anti-malarial drug isn’t going to help the fight against COVID-19. A double-blind placebo study published in the New England Journal...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 21:30
Great audio and clear communication for your online contests. (Alex Haney via Unsplash/)As much as virtual reality is now the standard for immersive gaming, you’d be surprised what a really great pair of headphones can do not only for putting you in the game but for keeping you connected to your teammates and opponents. There are plenty of brands and options to consider. Do you want something wireless or do you prefer the reliability of a corded connection? Just how powerful do the speakers need...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 20:35
A cheese shop will give you tons of options you may not find in the grocery store. (Stan Horaczek /)A bag of pre-shredded cheese from the supermarket can really come in handy if you’re in a hurry and looking for a quick fix of salt and fat. Unfortunately, many pre-shredded cheeses also come with a dose of cellulose, which is essentially wood pulp. It sounds scarier than it is: cellulose is a common food additive that keeps cheeses like shredded mozzarella and grated parmesan from solidifying back...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 19:00
Data from UMass Boston and Dairy Connection Inc. (Infographic by Sara Chodosh/)Every bite of cheese you’ve ever taken owes its funk and flavor to the community of microbes living inside it. The original cheese just had whatever microbes happened to be living on the farm, but today cheesemakers deliberately inoculate their dairy with specific types of bacteria and mold. Some organisms are common to lots of cheese types, like the acidifying strains Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus. Others produce...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 17:00
Beat the heat with some cold coffee. (Blake Wisz via Unsplash/)It’s almost as subtle as the changing of the seasons. You just know it when you feel it, that moment when you have to start packing the hot coffee and start breaking out the cold brews.To get your day started with the appropriate amount of caffeine (and the least amount of sweat), we found cold brew coffee machines that offer innovative and unique preparation and presentation options.Let it rain. (Amazon/)Sometimes the best innovations...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 16:56
Autologous fat grafting is widely used during plastic surgery but unpredictable fat retention remains a major concern. Although many studies have explored whether fat harvesting, processing, and injection affect adipocyte viability, the oxygenation and inflammatory status of grafted fat remain unknown. Unlike vascularized tissue transfer, fat grafting is a non-vascular procedure. Fat initially lacks vascular support and receives oxygen and nutrients only via diffusion until neovascularization develops.
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
Differentiation of sex chromosomes is thought to have evolved with cessation of recombination and subsequent loss of genes from the degenerated partner (Y and W) of sex chromosomes, which in turn leads to imbalance of gene dosage between sexes. Based on work with traditional model species, theory suggests that unequal gene copy numbers lead to the evolution of mechanisms to counter this imbalance. Dosage compensation, or at least achieving dosage balance in expression of sex-linked genes between...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
Plant physiological processes generally are regulated by phytohormones, including plant biochemical responses to herbivory. Here, we addressed whether a suite of maize (Zea mays mays) phytohormones, including some precursor and derivative metabolites, relevant to herbivory defence were mediated by the crop's domestication, northward spread, and modern breeding. For this, we compared phytohormone and metabolite levels among four plant types representing the evolutionary and agronomic transitions from...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
Local adaptation is expected to cause high FST at sites linked to a causal locus, however this pattern can also be driven by background or positive selection. Within-population nucleotide diversity could provide a means to differentiate these scenarios, as both background and positive selection deplete diversity, whereas some theoretical studies have shown that local adaptation increases it. However, it is unclear whether such theoretical predictions generalize to more complicated models. Here, we...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
We do not yet have a solid empirical understanding of the processes that produce biogeographic patterns of species richness. This is partly due to a lack of knowledge about corresponding spatial patterns of genome-wide diversity, which will be inextricably linked to species richness. We use estimates of gene diversity calculated from open data to show that genetic diversity and species richness share spatial structure. Species richness hotspots tend to harbor low levels of within species genetic...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
Rapid divergence in genital structures among nascent species has been posited to be an early-evolving cause of reproductive isolation, although evidence supporting this idea as a widespread phenomenon remains mixed. Using a collection of interspecific introgression lines between two Drosophila species that diverged ~240,000 years ago, we tested the hypothesis that even modest divergence in genital morphology can result in substantial fitness losses. We studied the reproductive consequences of variation...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
Microbial interactions contribute to shape ecosystems and their functions. The interplay between microorganisms also shapes the evolutionary trajectory of each species, by imposing metabolic and physiological selective pressures. The mechanisms underlying these interactions are thus of interest to improve our understanding of microbial evolution at the genetic level. Here we applied a functional genomics approach in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify the fitness determinants of...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
Hybrids between species often show extreme phenotypes. The molecular determinants underlying such phenotypes are yet to be comprehensively explored. In this study, we investigated the phenotypes of an interspecies diploid hybrid in terms of protein-protein interactions detected by protein correlation profiling. We used two yeast species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces uvarum, which are interfertile, but yet have proteins diverged enough to be differentiated using mass spectrometry. Most...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
An understanding of land plant evolution is a prerequisite for in-depth knowledge of plant biology. Here we illustrate how to extract and explore information hidden in the increasing number of sequenced plant genomes, from bryophytes to angiosperms, to elucidate a specific biological question - how peptide signaling evolved. To conquer land and cope with changing environmental conditions, plants have gone through profound transformations that must have required a revolution in cell-to-cell communication....
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
The degree to which loci promoting reproductive isolation cluster in the genome - i.e. the genetic architecture of reproductive isolation - can influence the tempo and mode of speciation. Tight linkage between these loci can facilitate speciation in the face of gene flow. Pheromones play a role in reproductive isolation in many Lepidoptera species, and their role as secondary metabolites decreases the likelihood of pleiotropy associated with many barrier loci. Heliconius butterflies use male sex...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
Summary We previously reported that the metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC-D1) is overexpressed in colon cancer. However, so far, only a few effective MACC-1 inhibitors have been identified. To discover novel transcriptional inhibitors of MACC-1, we performed a luciferase reporter-based high-throughput screening (HTS). This strategy discovered rottlerin as an inhibitor of MACC-1 transcription was able to reduce cell motility in colon cancer in time- and dose-dependent...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
Corrections are needed to the original version of this article.
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
Summary Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), the first immune checkpoint to be targeted clinically, has provided an effective treatment option for various malignancies. However, the clinical advantages associated with CTLA-4 inhibitors can be offset by the potentially severe immune-related adverse events (IRAEs), including autoimmune thyroid dysfunction. To investigate the candidate genes and signaling pathways involving in autoimmune thyroid dysfunction related...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
Abstract Background Checkrein deformity is an uncommon disease with a well-described etiology. It is characterized by a dynamic deformity of the hallux or great toe. We report two cases of checkrein deformity due a fibular graft harvesting in two patients with a mandibular bone defect secondary to an oral cancer treatment. Case report We report two...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
Abstract Microplastics in the biosphere are currently of great environmental concern because of their potential toxicity for aquatic biota and human health and association with pathogenic microbiota. Microplastics can occur in high abundance in all aquatic environments, including oceans, rivers and lakes. Recent findings have highlighted the role of microplastics as important vectors for microorganisms, which can form fully developed biofilms on this artificial substrate. Microplastics...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
Abstract Polyphosphosphate kinases (PPKs) catalyse the reversible transfer of the γ-phosphate group of a nucleoside-triphosphate to a growing chain of polyphosphate. Most known PPKs are specific for ATP, but some can also use GTP as a phosphate donor. In this study, we describe the properties of a PPK2-type PPK of the β-proteobacterium Ralstonia eutropha. The purified enzyme (PPK2c) is highly unspecific and accepts purine nucleotides as well as the pyridine...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
Abstract Many fungal diseases remain poorly addressed by public health authorities, despite posing a substantial threat to humans, animals, and plants. More worryingly, few classes of anti-fungals have been developed to combat fungal infections thus far. These medications also have certain drawbacks in terms of toxicity, spectrum of activity, and pharmacokinetic properties. Hence, there is a dire need for discovery of novel anti-fungal agents. Melittin,...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is a significant threat for clinicians. Increasing incidents of resistant biofilm infection result in high mortality rates worldwide. There is a considerable current interest in the field of extracellular DNA (eDNA)–mediated P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. eDNA acts as a glue to make biofilm more stable. This review focuses on the diverse mechanisms and factors, which enhance the eDNA release into the extracellular milieu. Furthermore,...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
Publication date: Available online 4 June 2020Source: Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial SurgeryAuthor(s): Omar Breik, Anand Kumar, James Birchall, Sean Mortimore, David Laugharne, Keith Jones
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Publication date: Available online 4 June 2020Source: Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial SurgeryAuthor(s): Chang Ryul Yi, Tea Min Oh, Woo Shik Jeong, Jong-Woo Choi, Tae Suk Oh
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Publication date: Available online 3 June 2020Source: Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial SurgeryAuthor(s): Florian Peters, Andreas Kroh, Ulf P. Neumann, Florian T. Ulmer, Stephan Chr. Möhlhenrich, Anna Bock, Frank Hölzle, Ali Modabber
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The differential diagnosis of epithelioid mesothelioma from lung adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemistry is improving. However, immunohistochemical markers with high sensitivity and specificity have yet to be identified. In this study, we investigated the utility of sex-determining region Y box 6 (SOX6) as a novel immunohistochemical marker, identified by analyzing previous gene expression data. Immunohistochemically, SOX6 expression was present in 53 of 54 (98%) cases of epithelioid mesothelioma,...
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
Tumor cell expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I is required for antigen presentation and adaptive immune recognition. Absent or diminished MHC class I expression is thought to contribute to immunotherapeutic resistance in some epithelial tumors but has not been previously studied in cervical and vulvar carcinoma. Given that anti–programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibition is deployed for programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive recurrent and metastatic cervical...
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
No abstract available
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
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