Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Cavernous malformations occur most often in the brain but can occur in the spinal cord. Small studies of patients with familial cerebral cavernous malformations suggested a prevalence of spinal cord cavernous malformations of 20%–42%. We aimed to review our familial cohort and prospectively estimate the prevalence of spinal cord cavernous malformations. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We initially reviewed our familial cerebral cavernous malformations cohort for spinal cord cavernous...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:About 20% of patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large-artery occlusion do not achieve recanalization with mechanical thrombectomy. We aimed to determine whether the speed of retrieval of the stent retriever influences the efficacy in removing different clot types. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Sixty mechanical thrombectomies were performed using an in vitro pulsatile cerebrovascular circulation model with controlled pressure and flow rate. Experiments were dichotomized into...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human brain and is implicated in several neuropathologies. Glutathione is a major antioxidant in the brain and is considered a marker of oxidative stress. Several studies have reported age-related declines in GABA levels in adulthood, but the trajectory of both GABA and glutathione during childhood has not been well explored. The aim of this study is to establish how GABA and glutathione vary with...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Focal cortical dysplasias are the most common resected epileptogenic lesions in children and the third most common lesion in adults, but they are often subtle and frequently overlooked on MR imaging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether MP2RAGE-based morphometric MR imaging analysis is superior to MPRAGE-based analysis in the detection of focal cortical dysplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS:MPRAGE and MP2RAGE datasets were acquired in a consecutive series of 640 patients...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The Neuroform Atlas is a new microstent to assist coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms that recently gained FDA approval. We present a postmarket multicenter analysis of the Neuroform Atlas stent. MATERIALS AND METHODS:On the basis of retrospective chart review from 11 academic centers, we analyzed patients treated with the Neuroform Atlas after FDA exemption from January 2018 to June 2019. Clinical and radiologic parameters included patient demographics, aneurysm...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Fast and accurate quantification of globe volumes in the event of an ocular trauma can provide clinicians with valuable diagnostic information. In this work, an automated workflow using a deep learning-based convolutional neural network is proposed for prediction of globe contours and their subsequent volume quantification in CT images of the orbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS:An automated workflow using a deep learning -based convolutional neural network is proposed for prediction...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
SUMMARY:X-linked deafness-2 (DFNX2) is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by profound sensorineural hearing loss and a pathognomonic temporal bone deformity. Because hypothalamic malformations associated with DFNX2 have been rarely described, we aimed to further describe these lesions and compare them with features of a nonaffected population. All patients diagnosed with DFNX2 between 2006 and 2019 were included and compared with age-matched patients with normal MR imaging findings and...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The conventional fluoroscopy-guided (CF) selective cervical nerve root block (SCNRB) is being used commonly as a treatment for cervical radicular pain as well as a diagnostic tool. This study aimed to identify any major complications and determine the safety and clinical utility of CF-SCNRB performed in a university hospital and associated outpatient clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Two-hundred fifty-four conventional fluoroscopy-guided selective cervical nerve root blocks...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
SUMMARY:Microscopy coil MR imaging of the orbits has been described previously as a technique for anatomic depiction. In the first part of this 2-part series, the improvement in spatial resolution that the technique offers compared with conventional MR imaging of the orbits is demonstrated. We provide a guide to implementing the technique, sharing pearls and pitfalls gleaned from our own practice to make implementation of microscopy coil MR imaging at your own center easy. As a quick reference guide...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:In patients with SAH, the amount of blood is strongly associated with clinical outcome. However, it is commonly estimated with a coarse grading scale, potentially limiting its predictive value. Therefore, we aimed to develop and externally validate prediction models for clinical outcome, including quantified blood volumes, as candidate predictors. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Clinical and radiologic candidate predictors were included in a logistic regression model. Unfavorable outcome...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
SUMMARY:Craniopagus twins are a rare congenital malformation in which twins are conjoined at the head. Although there is high prenatal and postnatal mortality for craniopagus twins, successful separation has become more common due to advances in neuroimaging, neuroanesthesia, and neurosurgical techniques. Joined brain tissue, shared arteries and veins, and defects in the skull and dura make surgery technically challenging, and neuroimaging plays an important role in preoperative planning. Drawing...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Treatment of wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms using endovascular therapy is still challenging even with the development of treatment devices. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the safety and efficacy of treatment with a Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device for wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS:All patients treated with a WEB device at our institution between May 2009 and November 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical and imaging evaluation,...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
SUMMARY:During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic, neuroradiology practices have experienced a paradigm shift in practice, which affected everything from staffing, workflow, work volumes, conferences, resident and fellowship education, and research. This article highlights adaptive strategies that were undertaken at the epicenter of the outbreak in New York City during the past 4–6 weeks, as experienced by 5 large neuroradiology academic departments.
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND:Surveillance imaging of previously unruptured, coiled aneurysms remains routine even though reports of rupture of these aneurysms are extremely rare. PURPOSE:We performed meta-analysis to examine long-term rupture risk over ≥1-year follow-up duration in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm who underwent endovascular therapy. DATA SOURCES:Multiple databases were searched for relevant publications between 1995 and 2018. STUDY SELECTION:Studies reporting outcome of long-term...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
SUMMARY:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with a high asymptomatic incidence. Asymptomatic infections within a population will inevitably lead to diagnosis via unrelated medical imaging. We report the case of an asymptomatic patient undergoing a spine CT examination for trauma who was incidentally found to have lung abnormalities later confirmed to be COVID-19. We aim to familiarize neuroradiologists with the spectrum of COVID-19 pulmonary manifestations that are likely...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Carotid near-occlusion has been subclassified into near-occlusion with and without collapse. We aimed to compare the technical success and perioperative complication rates of carotid artery stent placement with special attention to these subtypes to see whether there is a clinical relevance of this subclassification. MATERIALS AND METHODS:From January 2014 to January 2018, we retrospectively evaluated all patients with atherosclerotic extracranial carotid stenosis treated...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) have a high prevalence of brain vascular malformations, putting them at risk for brain hemorrhage and other complications. Our aim was to evaluate the relative utility of MR imaging and MRA compared with DSA in detecting cerebral AVMs in the HHT population. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Of 343 consecutive patients evaluated at the University of California, San Francisco HTT Center of Excellence, 63 met the study inclusion...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System is a standardized reporting system intended to risk stratify patients treated for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study is to investigate the positive predictive value of the Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System categories 3 and 4 on posttreatment PET/CT in patients treated definitively for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We retrospectively identified patients treated definitively...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
SUMMARY:It was the aim of our pilot study to investigate whether time-resolved flat panel conebeam CTA is able to demonstrate small cortical vessels in vivo. In 8 patients with small AVMs, time-resolved coronal MPRs of the vasculature of the frontal cortex were recalculated from 3D rotational angiography datasets with the use of a novel software prototype. 4D flat panel conebeam CTA demonstrated the course of the cortical arteries with small perpendicular side branches to the underlying cortex. Pial...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Bacterial meningitis most commonly affects young children and can result in critical adverse outcomes, including sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The purpose of this study is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging for predicting the development of SNHL among infants with bacterial meningitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A retrospective review was performed among infants (age <365 days) with bacterial meningitis (n = 115). Independent and consensus blinded review...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Cortical amyloid quantification on PET by using the standardized uptake value ratio is valuable for research studies and clinical trials in Alzheimer disease. However, it is resource intensive, requiring co-registered MR imaging data and specialized segmentation software. We investigated the use of deep learning to automatically quantify standardized uptake value ratio and used this for classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Using the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Leptomeningeal glioneuronal heterotopia of the brain stem and cerebral migration abnormality were pathologically reported in Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy, but the radiologic assessments of the brain stem and cerebral venous system (which may be involved in the development of the anomaly) were insufficient. Here, we evaluated the brain stem and cerebral veins on MR imaging in patients with Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We retrospectively...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Automated volumetry of the hippocampus is considered useful to assist the diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy. However, voxel-based morphometry is rarely used for individual subjects because of high rates of false-positives. We investigated whether an approach with high dimensional warping to the template and nonparametric statistics would be useful to detect hippocampal atrophy in patients with hippocampal sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We performed...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Neonates with vein of Galen malformations are split into 2 cohorts: one needing urgent neonatal embolization, with relatively high mortality and morbidity even with expert care, and a cohort in which embolization can be deferred until infancy, with far better prognosis. We aimed to identify brain MR imaging characteristics obtained from fetal and early neonatal scans that can predict the clinical presentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Patients with vein of Galen malformations...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Whiplash-associated disorders frequently develop following motor vehicle collisions and often involve a range of cognitive and affective symptoms, though the neural correlates of the disorder are largely unknown. In this study, a sample of participants with chronic whiplash injuries were scanned by using resting-state fMRI to assess brain network changes associated with long-term outcome metrics. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Resting-state fMRI was collected for 23 participants and...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Total spine MRIs are requested by the emergency department when focused imaging can not be ordered on the basis of history or clinical findings. However, their efficacy is not known. We assessed the following: 1) major radiologic and clinical outcomes of total spine MR imaging performed by the emergency department, and 2) whether the presence of a high-risk clinical profile and/or neurologic findings impacts the clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Total spine MRIs requested...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Previous studies have suggested that the central vein sign and iron rims are specific features of MS lesions. Using 3T SWI, we aimed to compare the frequency of lesions with central veins and iron rims in patients with clinically isolated syndrome and MS-mimicking disorders and test their diagnostic value in predicting conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS:For each patient, we calculated the number of brain lesions with central veins and...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
SUMMARY:Spinal cord lesions have a real diagnostic and prognostic role in multiple sclerosis. Thus, optimizing their detection on MR imaging has become a central issue with direct therapeutic impact. In this study, we compared the 3D-MP2RAGE sequence with the conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis (MAGNIMS) set for cervical cord lesion detection in 28 patients with multiple sclerosis. 3D-MP2RAGE allowed better detection of cervical lesions (+62%) in this population, with better...
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:59
We live in a society that has actively ignored that we are primates. This makes parenting so much harder, especially as our children hit the toddler years.
Wed Jun 10, 2020 17:56
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