We read with interest the study by Zargaran et al,1 evaluating a simulation course for medical students, designed to bridge the gap between theoretical oral and maxillofacial surgerical (OMFS) teaching and clinical practice. As medical students at the University of Cambridge, we are pleased to see that the current under-representation of OMFS at medical school is being tackled and wish to share our perspective.
Sat Jul 04, 2020 03:00
It is not unusual for the protruding premaxilla to attain an undesirable position after the cleft lip repair. Such a premaxilla may lead to considerable problems in facial aesthetics, or oral functions, or both in early childhood. These abnormal premaxillas may produce difficulties in bone grafting and orthodontic treatment in late childhood. In such cases, surgical correction of the premaxilla in childhood is justified. From 2013 to 2018, 11 children, aged 2 to 11 years, had a secondary ostectomy...
Sat Jul 04, 2020 03:00
Dr Hirji Adenwalla, a well-known and much-loved surgeon, distinguished for his expertise as a cleft surgeon, died on the 27th May 2020. He worked from 1959 till his death, at the Jubilee Mission Hospital, Trichur, Kerala, South India. When asked why he had left Bombay, where he was brought up and trained, for a small mission hospital, he said initially he had wanted to go further afield, to Africa to work with Albert Schweitzer or Boston to further his paediatric surgical expertise, but with a new...
Sat Jul 04, 2020 03:00
Preoperative staging is essential for the planning of treatment of cancer. This study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in predicting the local stage of tongue cancer by comparing it with the gold standard of histopathology. A total of 233 patients with newly-diagnosed tongue cancer was retrospectively reviewed, and the size of the tumour and the status of the cervical lymph node were compared between CT images and histopathological results. Patients with stage II...
Fri Jul 03, 2020 03:00
We recently read an article by Yurttutan et al in your esteemed journal.1 This paper remarkably assesses the changes in perception of QoL of patients with mild pericoronitis, which was treated either by extraction or with a periodontal approach.
Fri Jul 03, 2020 03:00
Russell Hopkins was a force to be reckoned with in surgery, and in medical politics. Born in Sunderland on 30 April 1932, he attended school during World War II. The family struggled after his father’s death but he was offered places in medical and dental school. He chose dentistry in Newcastle but knew this was a mistake and tried unsuccessfully to transfer to a combined course.
Fri Jul 03, 2020 03:00
We have investigated the long-term incidence of neurosensory disturbances after modified bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, and identified associated risk factors. We prospectively studied 376 patients, and their self-reported neurosensory disturbances were evaluated six months, and one, two, and three years postoperatively. The correlations between the following risk factors and neurosensory disturbances were investigated using univariate analysis and stepwise multivariate analysis: age at operation,...
Fri Jul 03, 2020 03:00
An increasing number of patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) has recently been reported. It is still being debated whether the presence or placement of dental implants can lead to MRONJ, so the aim of this study was to find out whether dental implants are a risk factor for MRONJ. From January 2003-January 2019 180 patients with MRONJ were seen at the Leiden University Medical Center. Luxating moments for the onset of MRONJ were calculated retrospectively. We collected...
Fri Jul 03, 2020 03:00
We would like to bring attention to a recent case which was seen in the Paediatric Dentistry Department in St Thomas’ Hospital, London.
Fri Jul 03, 2020 03:00
71 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: ALCOHOL These pubmed results were generated on 2020/07/05PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Sun Jul 05, 2020 22:57
71 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: ALCOHOL These pubmed results were generated on 2020/07/04PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Sat Jul 04, 2020 14:52
103 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: ALCOHOL These pubmed results were generated on 2020/07/03PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Fri Jul 03, 2020 14:53
181 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: upper respiratory tract infection These pubmed results were generated on 2020/07/05PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Sun Jul 05, 2020 22:44
181 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: upper respiratory tract infection These pubmed results were generated on 2020/07/04PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Sat Jul 04, 2020 14:41
361 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: upper respiratory tract infection These pubmed results were generated on 2020/07/03PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Fri Jul 03, 2020 15:05
52 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: human physiology These pubmed results were generated on 2020/07/05PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Sun Jul 05, 2020 22:36
52 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: human physiology These pubmed results were generated on 2020/07/04PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Sat Jul 04, 2020 14:09
111 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: human physiology These pubmed results were generated on 2020/07/03PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Fri Jul 03, 2020 17:51
111 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: human physiology These pubmed results were generated on 2020/07/03PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Fri Jul 03, 2020 13:47
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2020Source: Auris Nasus LarynxAuthor(s): Kyung Tae
Sun Jul 05, 2020 21:12
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2020Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology/HematologyAuthor(s): Sergio Cortelazzo, Maurilio Ponzoni, Andrés J.M. Ferreri, Martin Dreyling
Sun Jul 05, 2020 21:12
Publication date: Available online 2 July 2020Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology/HematologyAuthor(s): Mauro Loi, Saverio Caini, Silvia Scoccianti, Pierluigi Bonomo, Kim De Vries, Giulio Francolini, Gabriele Simontacchi, Daniela Greto, Isacco Desideri, Icro Meattini, Joost Nuyttens, Lorenzo Livi
Fri Jul 03, 2020 18:28
Publication date: 1 November 2020Source: Talanta, Volume 219Author(s): Cuiyan Wu, Ziqi Ni, Peijuan Li, Yaqian Li, Xiao Pang, Ruihua Xie, Zile Zhou, Haitao Li, Youyu Zhang
Sun Jul 05, 2020 20:53
Publication date: 1 November 2020Source: Talanta, Volume 219Author(s): Antonella Profumo, Agnese Gorroni, Sonia Alessandra Guarnieri, Giorgio Giacomo Mellerio, Lucia Cucca, Daniele Merli
Sun Jul 05, 2020 20:53
Publication date: 1 November 2020Source: Talanta, Volume 219Author(s): Vini Singh
Sat Jul 04, 2020 20:39
Publication date: 1 November 2020Source: Talanta, Volume 219Author(s): Antonio Marín-Romero, Mavys Tabraue-Chávez, James W. Dear, Rosario M. Sánchez-Martín, Hugh Ilyine, Juan J. Guardia-Monteagudo, Mario A. Fara, Francisco J. López-Delgado, Juan J. Díaz-Mochón, Salvatore Pernagallo
Sat Jul 04, 2020 20:39
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Ezra E. Smith, Thomas Schüller, Daniel Huys, Juan Carlos Baldermann, Pablo Andrade, John JB. Allen, Veerle Visser-Vandewalle, Markus Ullsperger, Theo O.J. Gruendler, Jens Kuhn
Sun Jul 05, 2020 20:41
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Elinor Tzvi, Fabian Koeth, Anke N. Karabanov, Hartwig R. Siebner, Ulrike M. Krämer
Sun Jul 05, 2020 20:41
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Gabriel Gonzalez-Escamilla, Muthuraman Muthuraman, Dumitru Ciolac, Volker A. Coenen, Alfons Schnitzler, Sergiu Groppa
Sun Jul 05, 2020 20:41
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Audrey P. Fan, Hongyu An, Farshad Moradi, Jarrett Rosenberg, Yosuke Ishii, Tadashi Nariai, Hidehiko Okazawa, Greg Zaharchuk
Sun Jul 05, 2020 20:41
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): B.C. Munsell, E. Gleichgerrcht, E. Hofesmann, J. Delgaizo, C.R. McDonald, B. Marebwa, M.A. Styner, J. Fridriksson, C. Rorden, N.K. Focke, J.H. Gilmore, L. Bonilha
Sat Jul 04, 2020 14:14
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Rafael Garcia-Dias, Cristina Scarpazza, Lea Baecker, Sandra Vieira, Walter H.L. Pinaya, Aiden Corvin, Alberto Redolfi, Barnaby Nelson, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Colm McDonald, Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Dara Cannon, David Mothersill, Dennis Hernaus, Derek Morris, Esther Setien-Suero, Gary Donohoe, Giovanni Frisoni, Giulia Tronchin, João Sato
Sat Jul 04, 2020 14:14
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Caitlin M. Taylor, Laura Pritschet, Rosanna Olsen, Evan Layher, Tyler Santander, Scott T. Grafton, Emily G. Jacobs
Sat Jul 04, 2020 14:14
Publication date: Available online 3 July 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Claudia Schwarz, Nora Horn, Gloria Benson, Isabel Wrachtrup Calzado, Katharina Wurdack, Raimund Pechlaner, Ulrike Grittner, Miranka Wirth, Agnes Flöel
Sat Jul 04, 2020 14:14
Publication date: Available online 3 July 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Gorkem Er, Zahide Pamir, Huseyin Boyaci
Sat Jul 04, 2020 14:14
Publication date: Available online 2 July 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Lanfang Liu, Xin Yan, Hehui Li, Dingguo Gao, Guosheng Ding
Fri Jul 03, 2020 18:12
Publication date: Available online 2 July 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Ross Callaghan, Daniel C. Alexander, Marco Palombo, Hui Zhang
Fri Jul 03, 2020 18:12
Publication date: Available online 2 July 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Svenja Espenhahn, Tingting Yan, Winnica Beltrano, Sakshi Kaur, Kate Godfrey, Filomeno Cortese, Signe Bray, Ashley D. Harris
Fri Jul 03, 2020 18:12
Statistical phylogenetic analysis currently relies on complex, dedicated software packages, making it difficult for evolutionary biologists to explore new models and inference strategies. Recent years have seen more generic solutions based on probabilistic graphical models, but this formalism can only partly express phylogenetic problems. Here we show that universal probabilistic programming languages (PPLs) solve the model expression problem, while still supporting automated generation of efficient...
Sun Jul 05, 2020 03:00
High-resolution X-ray microcomputed tomography, or microCT (CT), enables the digital imaging of whole objects in three dimensions. The power of CT to visualise internal features without disarticulation makes it particularly valuable for the study of museum collections, which house millions of physical specimens documenting the spatio-temporal patterns of life. Despite its potential for comparative analyses, most CT studies include limited numbers of museum specimens, due to the challenges of digitising...
Sun Jul 05, 2020 03:00
The bilaterally symmetric animals (Bilateria) are considered to comprise two monophyletic groups, Protostomia and Deuterostomia. Protostomia contains the Ecdysozoa and the Lophotrochozoa; Deuterostomia contains the Chordata and the Xenambulacraria (Hemichordata, Echinodermata and Xenacoelomorpha). Their names refer to a supposed distinct origin of the mouth (stoma) in the two clades, but these groups have been differentiated by other embryological characters including embryonic cleavage patterns...
Sun Jul 05, 2020 03:00
The human brain has undergone rapid expansion since humans diverged from other great apes, but the mechanism of this human-specific enlargement is still unknown. Here, we use cerebral organoids derived from human, gorilla and chimpanzee cells to study developmental mechanisms driving evolutionary brain expansion. We find that the differentiation of neuroepithelial cells to neurogenic radial glia is a protracted process in apes, involving a previously unrecognized transition state characterized by...
Sat Jul 04, 2020 03:00
A fundamental component of molecular evolution are the rules that govern when, and why, a given change (allele) is deleterious or neutral. The ability to define such rules for epialleles - analogous to the rules at the DNA sequence level - would thus have profound implications for our understanding of epigenetic variation and evolution. Here, we focus on promoter methylation in the male human germline, which - apart from its role in gene regulation - is also known to greatly increase the mutation...
Sat Jul 04, 2020 03:00
Red, orange, and yellow carotenoid-colored plumages have been considered honest signals of condition. We comprehensively quantified carotenoid signals in the social, sexually-dimorphic tanager genus Ramphocelus using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) optical modeling, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and spectrophotometry. Despite males having significantly more saturated color patches, males and females within a species have equivalent amounts...
Sat Jul 04, 2020 03:00
Spontaneous germline mutations are the raw material on which evolution acts and knowledge of their frequency and genomic distribution is therefore crucial for understanding how evolution operates at both long and short timescales. At present, the rate and spectrum of de novo mutations have been directly characterized in only a few lineages, and it is therefore critical to examine a wide range of species to determine the generality of patterns that have been identified so far. Our study provides the...
Sat Jul 04, 2020 03:00
The evolution of sex chromosomes in the XY or ZW systems shall lead to gene expression dosage problems, as in at least one of the sexes, the sex-linked gene dose has been reduced by half. It has been proposed, most notably by Susumu Ohno for mammals, that the transcriptional output of the whole sex chromosome should be doubled for a complete dosage compensation. However, due to the variability of the existing methods to determine the transcriptional differences between Sex chromosomes and Autosomes...
Sat Jul 04, 2020 03:00
Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of an organism to express multiple phenotypes in response to the prevailing environmental conditions without genetic change. This response may thus occur to anthropogenic modifications of that environment and may be asymmetric. Arguably, the most significant future anthropogenic modification of the environment is contemporary climate change. We tested the effect of a temperature differential of 4 {degrees}C on the Arctic charr phenotypic response within a generation,...
Sat Jul 04, 2020 03:00
Incompatibility between the cytoplasm and the nucleus is considered as major factor in species formation, but mechanistic understanding is poor. In evening primroses, a model plant for organelle genetics and population biology, hybrid offspring regularly displays chloroplast-nuclear incompatibility. These incompatibilities affect photosynthesis, a trait under selection in changing environments. Here we show that light-dependent misregulation of the plastid psbB operon (encoding core subunits of photosystem...
Sat Jul 04, 2020 03:00
Phylogenies of extant species are widely used to study past diversification dynamics. The most common approach is to formulate a set of candidate models representing evolutionary hypotheses for how and why speciation and extinction rates in a clade changed over time, and compare those models through their probability to have generated the corresponding empirical tree. Recently, Louca & Pennell reported the existence of an infinite number of congruent models with potentially markedly different...
Sat Jul 04, 2020 03:00
Sex chromosomes occur in diverse organisms, but their structural complexity has often prevented evolutionary analyses. Here we use two chromosome-scale reference genomes of the moss Ceratodon purpureus to trace the evolution of the sex chromosomes in bryophytes. Comparative analyses show the moss genome comprises seven remarkably stable ancestral chromosomal elements. An exception is the sex chromosomes, which share thousands of broadly-expressed genes but lack any synteny. We show the sex chromosomes...
Sat Jul 04, 2020 03:00
Emerging bacterial pathogens threaten global health and food security, and so it is important to ask whether these transitions to pathogenicity have any common features. We present a systematic study of the claim that pathogenicity is associated with genome reduction and gene loss. We compare broad-scale patterns across all bacteria, with detailed analyses of Streptococcus suis, a zoonotic pathogen of pigs, which has undergone multiple transitions between disease and carriage forms. We find that...
Sat Jul 04, 2020 03:00
Closely related populations often differ in resistance to a given parasite, as measured by infection success or failure. Yet, the immunological mechanisms of these evolved differences are rarely specified. Does resistance evolve via changes to the host's ability to recognize that an infection exists, actuate an effective immune response, or attenuate that response? We tested whether each of these phases of the host response contributed to threespine sticklebacks' recently evolved resistance to their...
Sat Jul 04, 2020 03:00
Mitoribosomes synthesize essential proteins encoded in the mitochondrial genome. They consist of the ribosomal RNA and protein components, coordinated assembly of which is critical for function. Divergent mitoribosomes with reduced RNA and increased protein mass were described in Trypanosoma brucei, a mammalian parasite causing African Trypanosomiases. Here, we report that the large subunit of T. brucei mitoribosome requires at least 15 biogenesis factors, which we characterized in complex with an...
Fri Jul 03, 2020 03:00
Domestication involves recent adaptation under strong human selection and rapid diversification, and therefore constitutes a good model for studies of these processes. We studied the domestication of the emblematic white mold Penicillium camemberti, used for the maturation of soft cheeses, such as Camembert and Brie, about which surprisingly little was known, despite its economic and cultural importance. Whole genome-based analyses of genetic relationships and diversity revealed that an ancient domestication...
Fri Jul 03, 2020 03:00
The adaptive immune system in vertebrates consists of highly diverse immune receptors to mount specific responses against a multitude of pathogens. A central feature of the adaptive immune system is the ability to form a memory to act more efficiently in future encounters with similar pathogens. However, memory formation especially in B-cells is one of the least understood cell fate decisions in the immune system. Here, we present a framework to characterize optimal strategies to store memory in...
Fri Jul 03, 2020 03:00
Transition from the Stone to the Bronze Age in Central and Western Europe was a period of major population movements originating from the Ponto-Caspian Steppe. Here, we report new genome-wide sequence data from 28 individuals from the territory north of this source area - from the under-studied Western part of present-day Russia, including Stone Age hunter-gatherers (10,800-4,250 cal BC) and Bronze Age farmers from the Corded Ware complex called Fatyanovo Culture (2,900-2,050 cal BC). We show that...
Fri Jul 03, 2020 03:00
Recent conceptual and methodological advances have enabled an increasing number of studies to address the problem of species delimitation in a comprehensive manner. This is of particular interest in cases of species whose divergence times are recent, where the conclusions obtained from a single source of evidence can lead to the incorrect delimitation of entities or assignment of individuals to species. The southernmost species of the Liolaemus kingii group (namely L. baguali, L. escarchadosi, L....
Sun Jul 05, 2020 03:00
A multitude of factors affect the assemblies of complex microbial communities associated with animal hosts, with implications for community flexibility, resilience and long-term stability; however, their relative effects have rarely been deduced. Here, we use a tractable lab model to quantify the relative and combined effects of parental transmission (egg case microbiome present/reduced), gut inocula (cockroach vs. termite gut provisioned), and varying diets (matched with gut inoculum source) on...
Sun Jul 05, 2020 03:00
Sex hormone-binding globulin (Shbg) is an important vertebrate blood carrier protein synthetized in the liver and involved in the transport and local regulation of sex steroids in target tissues. A novel shbg gene (shbgb) with a predominant ovarian expression was recently characterized. Being initially found only in salmonids, this shbgb was originally thought to result from the Salmonid-specific whole genome duplication. Using updated transcriptomic and genomic resources we identified Shbgb orthologs...
Sun Jul 05, 2020 03:00
Chromosome size and morphology vary within and among species, but little is known about either the proximate or ultimate causes of these differences. Cichlid fish species in the tribe Oreochromini share an unusual megachromosome that is ~3 times longer than any of the other chromosomes. This megachromosome functions as a sex chromosome in some of these species. We explore two hypotheses of how this sex megachromosome may have evolved. The first hypothesis proposes that it developed by the accumulation...
Fri Jul 03, 2020 03:00
Background and aimsHistorical and ecological processes shaped the patterns of genetic diversity in plant species; among these, colonization to new environments such as coastal regions generate multiple signals of interest to understand the influence of landscape features on the population differentiation. MethodsWe analysed the genetic diversity and population structure of Calibrachoa heterophylla to infer the influence of abiotic landscape features on this coastal species gene flow in the South...
Sun Jul 05, 2020 03:00
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2020Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Shouxing Duan, Lei Xie, Lian Zheng, JinZhuang Huang, RuiWei Guo, ZongBo Sun, Yao Xie, JunYao Lv, ZhiRong Lin, Shuhua Ma
Sun Jul 05, 2020 20:19
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2020Source: Revue des Maladies RespiratoiresAuthor(s): T. Viatgé, J. Mazières, S. Zahi, P. Fajadet, F. Pétureau
Sun Jul 05, 2020 19:54
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2020Source: Revue des Maladies RespiratoiresAuthor(s): G. Buiret, F. Chidiac
Sun Jul 05, 2020 19:54
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2020Source: American Journal of OtolaryngologyAuthor(s): Ohad Ronen
Sun Jul 05, 2020 19:46
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2020Source: American Journal of OtolaryngologyAuthor(s): Sameera Begum, Riaz Abdulla
Sun Jul 05, 2020 19:46
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2020Source: American Journal of OtolaryngologyAuthor(s): Yasser Ahmed Fouad, Atef Hussein, Mohammad Waheed El-Anwar
Sat Jul 04, 2020 17:41
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2020Source: American Journal of OtolaryngologyAuthor(s): Mohammad Kareem Shukairy, Charlotte Burmeister, Alvin B. Ko, John R. Craig
Sat Jul 04, 2020 17:41
Publication date: Available online 3 July 2020Source: American Journal of OtolaryngologyAuthor(s): Ali Safavi Naeini, Mahboobeh Karimi-Galougahi, Nasim Raad, Jahangir Ghorbani, Ayeh Taraghi, Sara Haseli, Golfam Mehrparvar, Mehrdad Bakhshayeshkaram
Sat Jul 04, 2020 17:41
Publication date: Available online 3 July 2020Source: American Journal of OtolaryngologyAuthor(s): Andrew J. Goates, Cynthia M. Chweya, Garret Choby, Matthew L. Carlson
Fri Jul 03, 2020 17:17
Publication date: Available online 2 July 2020Source: American Journal of OtolaryngologyAuthor(s): Hai Ling Zhang, Ke Na Yu, Peng Jin, Li Zhao, Li Shi
Fri Jul 03, 2020 17:17
Publication date: Available online 2 July 2020Source: American Journal of OtolaryngologyAuthor(s): Kim Pollock, Michael Setzen, Peter F. Svider
Fri Jul 03, 2020 17:17
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