Abstract In recent years, tools for functional genomic studies have become increasingly feasible for use by evolutionary anthropologists. In this review, we provide brief overviews of several exciting in vitro techniques that can be paired with “‐omics” approaches (e.g., genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) for potentially powerful evolutionary insights. These in vitro techniques include ancestral protein resurrection, cell line experiments using primary, immortalized,...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 17:57
Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the association between the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and serum Clara cell protein (CC16) levels in non-smoking patients with OSA. Methods This prospective study included non-smoking patients who presented with sleep-related disturbances and underwent polysomnography (PSG). The serum...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
Publication date: Available online 5 March 2020Source: Clinical NeurophysiologyAuthor(s): Valerio Brunetti, Aurora D'Atri, Giacomo Della Marca, Catello Vollono, Camillo Marra, Maria Gabriella Vita, Serena Scarpelli, Luigi De Gennaro, Paolo Maria Rossini
Fri Mar 06, 2020 17:43
Publication date: Available online 5 March 2020Source: Medical Image AnalysisAuthor(s): Xiuquan Du, Yuhui Song, Yueguo Liu, Yanping Zhang, Heng Liu, Bo Chen, Shuo Li
Fri Mar 06, 2020 17:27
Abstract Periodic features of local field potentials (LFP) are extensively studied to establish the pathophysiological features contributing to Parkinson's disease (PD). Pathological LFP synchronization in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) was assumed to link with motor signs of PD. Commonly, the association between oscillations and clinical signs is studied while the patients are at rest. However, changes in LFPs during movement may reflect particular traits of motor processing in the basal ganglia...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 17:19
Publication date: October 2020Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 64Author(s): Jeroen PH Verharen, Yichen Zhu, Stephan Lammel
Fri Mar 06, 2020 17:17
Embryo aneuploidies may be responsible for implantation failures and miscarriages and affects assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. A variety of technologies have been implemented to individuate euploid embryos to be preferentially transferred in ART cycles, which is named preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT‐A). According to this strategy, a better selection of embryos to be transferred should result in increased efficacy of ART or at least in decreased time to pregnancy....
Fri Mar 06, 2020 16:59
Publication date: Available online 5 March 2020Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic SurgeryAuthor(s): Victor M. Lu, Robert J. Spinner
Fri Mar 06, 2020 16:22
Publication date: Available online 6 March 2020Source: Annals of Diagnostic PathologyAuthor(s): Daniel J. Rowan, Christopher P. Hartley, Mohammed Aldakkak, Kathleen K. Christians, Douglas B. Evans, Susan Tsai, Catherine E. Hagen
Fri Mar 06, 2020 15:17
Publication date: April 2020Source: Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 141Author(s): Antonio Rosas, Beatriz Losada Agustina, Daniel García-Martínez, Nicole Torres-Tamayo, Antonio García-Tabernero, Juan Francisco Pastor, Marco de la Rasilla, Markus Bastir
Fri Mar 06, 2020 15:04
Endocellulase is a key cellulase for cellulosic material pretreatment in the industry by hydrolyzing long cellulose chains into short chains. To investigate the endocellulase characteristics from Bacillus subtili...
Thu Mar 05, 2020 02:00
Publication date: Available online 6 March 2020Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & ImmunologyAuthor(s): Margee Louisias, Paige Wickner
Fri Mar 06, 2020 14:15
Nature Communications, Published online: 06 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15032-2Odours are powerful stimuli used by most organisms to guide behaviour. Here, the authors identify populations of neurons within the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) which are necessary and sufficient for the behavioural expression of odour memory.
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 06 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14800-4Human affect is shaped in part by whether desirable states are achieved under personal control. Here, the authors show that control beliefs affect happiness and pride, and how those effects relate to neural responses in the prefrontal cortex and behavioral preferences for exerting control.
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 06 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15022-4While genome-wide association studies have yielded thousands of trait-associated loci, identifying causal variants remains challenging. Here, the authors perform seven genomics assays in various cell types to prioritize genetic variants in the TNFAIP3 locus, and report high-priority variants within disease-associated haplotypes.
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 06 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15102-5Antigenic site B in influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) is immunodominant in circulating human H3N2 strains. Using deep mutational scanning, Wu et al. here define the local fitness landscapes of HA antigenic site B in six human H3N2 strains, providing insights into evolvability of influenza antigenicity.
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 06 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14857-1The composition and tectonic affiliation of Earth's earliest crust remains disputed. Here, the authors find that Archean Jack Hills zircons crystallized from melts with compositions similar to andesite formed in modern subduction settings, which they suggest is consistent with an early onset of modern-style plate tectonics on Earth.
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 06 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15006-4Ubiquitylation of histone H3 (H3Ub2) by UHRF1 recruits DNMT1 to chromatin, which is essential for DNA methylation inheritance. Here, the authors provide evidence that there are two distinct mechanisms underlying replication timing-dependent recruitment of DNMT1 through PAF15Ub2 and H3Ub2, both of which are required for high fidelity DNA methylation inheritance.
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 06 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15027-zBreast cancer is frequently diagnosed using ultrasound. Here, the authors show that, in addition to ultrasound, shear wave elastography can be used to diagnose breast cancer and, in conjunction with deep learning and radiomics, can predict whether the disease has spread to axillary lymph nodes.
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 06 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14749-4Unique electronmagnetic response of Weyl semimetals have only been reported in static field regime. Here, the authors report evidence of a dynamical chiral anomaly response realized by internal collective lattice deformation with an external static magnetic field in a Weyl semimetal NbAs.
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Antigen binding by antibodies requires precise orientation of the complementarity- determining region (CDR) loops in the variable domain to establish the correct contact surface. Members of the family Camelidae have a modified form of immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) with only heavy chains, called Heavy Chain only Antibodies (HCAb). Antigen binding in HCAbs is mediated by only three CDR loops from the single variable domain (VHH) at the N-terminus of each heavy chain. This feature of the VHH, along with...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of self-selected repetition duration (SELF), with and without volume load (VL) equalized with controlled repetition duration (CON) on muscle strength and hypertrophy in untrained males. We used a within-subjects design in which 20 volunteers (age: 24.7 ± 2.9 years) had one leg randomly assigned to CON (i.e., 2 s concentric, 2 s eccentric) and the other to SELF or to self-selected repetition duration with equalized volume load (SELF-EV). One repetition...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
Some studies on the hyperuricemia (HUA) have focused on intestinal bacteria. To better understand the correlation between gut microbiota and HUA, we established a HUA rat model with high-purine diet, and used 16S rRNA genes sequencing to analyze gut microbiota changes in HUA rats. To analyze the potential role played by gut microbiota in HUA, we altered the gut microbiota of HUA rats with antibiotics, and compared the degree of uric acid elevation between HUA and antibiotic-fed HUA rats (Ab+HUA)....
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
The Flos Lonicerae Japonicae (FLJ), Lonicera japonica Thunb, belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family, is an economically important plant that is highly utilized in traditional Chinese medicine as well as in Japanese medicine. The flowers of these plants are rich in chlorogenic acid (CGA) and luteoloside. Our previous study revealed that tetraploid L. japonica has higher fresh/dry weight, phenolic acids and flavonoids contents than those of diploid plants. However, why tetraploid L. japonica can yield...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
The Pedra de Fogo Formation in the Parnaíba Basin of northeastern Brazil hosts a recently discovered lacustrine fauna and provides the only known record of the Captorhinidae in South America. Here, new captorhinid remains from this unit are described. Two partial mandibles, including one formerly ascribed to the genus Captorhinus, are here referred to Captorhinikos sp. a genus previously described from North America. The natural mould of a large mandible probably represents a new taxon within the...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
In Australia, free-range layer pullets are typically reared indoors, but adult layers go outdoors, and this mismatch might reduce adaptation in laying environments. Enrichments during rearing may optimise pullet development and subsequent welfare as adult free-range hens. In the outdoor environment, hens may have greater opportunities for exercise and natural behaviours which might contribute to improved health and welfare. However, the outdoor environment may also result in potential exposure to...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
A rare case of palpebral cellulitis with simultaneous frontal sinusitis and osteomyelitis is reported. A healthy 45-year-old man presented with left upper eyelid swelling. He was given intravenous meropenem at the local hospital, but he failed to improve. Magnetic resonance imaging showed left frontal and maxillary sinusitis and upper palpebral cellulitis with an abscess. His temperature was 37.6°C, C-reactive protein was 1.36 mg/dL, thyroid hormone was elevated, left best-corrected visual activity...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 10:01
Localized amyloidosis of the lacrimal gland is a rare disease. We report a case of transthyretin-positive localized amyloidosis of the lacrimal gland in a 74-year-old man with left lacrimal gland swelling. Biopsy of the left lacrimal gland showed extensive deposition of nonstructural eosinophilic material in the secretory gland and ducts, which stained positive with direct fast scarlet. Immunostaining was negative for amyloid A and positive for both globulin light chain (kappa, lambda) and transthyretin....
Fri Mar 06, 2020 10:00
Abstract Purpose of Review Focusing on the strict relationship between house dust mites and crustaceans from the allergenic point of view. Recent Findings The well-known tropomyosin was considered for years as the cross-reacting allergen between shrimp and house dust mites. In the last few years, several allergens not only in shrimps...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
To develop a model to investigate a potential relationship between mechanical strain, cell responses, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, primary PDL cell cultures were obtained from extracted premolars. Cells were cultured in hydrogel and subjected to 24 h of static mechanical strain, resulting in 18% dimensional substrate elongation. Cell viability, caspase‐3/7 activity, and mRNA levels for 28 genes, including unfolded protein response (UPR)‐related and mechanically...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 10:47
The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus that emerged in late 2019, and the resulting Covid-19 disease has been labeled a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization. What physicians need to know about transmission, diagnosis, and treatment is the…
Thu Mar 05, 2020 02:00
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