The evolution and diversification of Archaea is central to the history of life on Earth. Cultivation-independent approaches have revealed the existence of at least ten archaeal lineages whose members have small cell and genome sizes and limited metabolic capabilities and together comprise the tentative DPANN archaea. However, the phylogenetic diversity of DPANN and the placement of the various lineages of this group in the archaeal tree remain debated. Here, we reconstructed additional metagenome...
Sat Mar 07, 2020 02:00
Unicellular organisms have the prevalent challenge to survive under oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). ROS are present as by-products of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. These reactive species are even employed by multicellular organisms as potent weapons against microbes. Although bacterial defences against lethal and sub-lethal oxidative stress have been studied in model bacteria, the role of fluctuating H2O2 concentrations remains unexplored....
Sat Mar 07, 2020 02:00
A number of models have posited that the concomitant evolution of large brains and increased body sizes in hominins was constrained by metabolic costs. In such studies, the impact of body temperature has not been sufficiently addressed despite the well-established fact that the rates of most physiological processes are manifestly temperature-dependent. Hence, the role of body temperature in modulating the number of neurons and body size is investigated in this work by means of a simple quantitative...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
Drosophila pigmentation has been a fruitful model system for understanding the genetic and developmental mechanisms underlying phenotypic evolution. For example, prior work has shown that divergence of the tan gene contributes to pigmentation differences between two members of the virilis group: Drosophila novamexicana, which has a light yellow body color, and D. americana, which has a dark brown body color. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and expression analysis has suggested that divergence...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
The study of food microorganism domestication can bring important insights on adaptation mechanisms and have industrial applications. The Penicillium roqueforti mold is divided into four main populations, with two populations domesticated for blue-cheese making and two populations thriving in other environments. While most blue cheeses worldwide are made with the same P. roqueforti clonal lineage, the emblematic Roquefort cheeses are inoculated with a specific population. To study the differences...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
The recent reclassification of the Riboviria, and the introduction of multiple new taxonomic categories including both subfamilies and subgenera for coronaviruses (family Coronaviridae, subfamily Orthocoronavirinae) represents a major shift in how official classifications are used to designate specific viral lineages. While the newly defined subgenera provide much-needed standardisation for commonly cited viruses of public health importance, no method has been proposed for the assignment of subgenus...
Sun Mar 08, 2020 02:00
Evolution sometimes proceeds by loss, especially when structures and genes become dispensable after an environmental shift relaxing functional constraints. Gene decay can serve as a read-out of this evolutionary process. Animals living in the dark are outstanding models, in particular cavefishes as hundreds of species evolved independently during very different periods of time in absence of light. Here, we sought to understand some general principals on the extent and tempo of decay of several gene...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
Hydra are freshwater polyps widely studied for their amazing regenerative capacity, adult stem cell populations, low senescence and value as ecotoxicological marker. Many wild-type strains of H. vulgaris have been collected worldwide and maintained effectively under laboratory conditions by asexual reproduction, while stable transgenic lines have been continuously produced since 2006. Efforts are now needed to ensure the genetic characterization of all these strains, which despite similar morphologies,...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
Populations often exhibit genetic diversity in traits involved in responses to abiotic stressors, but what maintains this diversity is unclear. Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits high within-population variation in drought response. One hypothesis is that competition, varying at small scales, promotes diversity in resource use strategies. However, little is known about natural variation in competition effects on Arabidopsis physiology. We imposed drought and competition treatments on diverse genotypes....
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
The Amazon and neighboring South American river basins harbor the worlds most diverse assemblages of freshwater fishes. One of the most prominent South American fish families are the Serrasalmidae (pacus and piranhas), found in nearly every continental basin. Serrasalmids are keystone ecological taxa, being some of the top riverine predators as well as the primary seed dispersers in the flooded forest. Despite their widespread occurrence and notable ecologies, serrasalmid evolutionary history and...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
Local adaptation is an important consideration when predicting arthropod-borne disease risk because it can impact on vector population fitness and persistence. However, the extent that vector populations are adapted to local environmental conditions and whether this can impact on species distributions generally remains unknown. Here we find that the geographic distribution of Ae. aegypti across Panama is rapidly changing as a consequence of the recent invasion by its ecological competitor, Aedes...
Sun Mar 08, 2020 02:00
Wild maize, commonly known as teosinte, has a wide distribution in central Mexico and inhabits a wide range of environmental conditions. According to previous studies, the environment is a determinant factor for the amount and distribution of genetic diversity. In this study, we used a set of neutral markers to explore the influence of contemporary factors and historical environmental shifts on genetic diversity, including present and three historical periods. Using a set of 22 nuclear microsatellite...
Thu Mar 05, 2020 02:00
The evolution and diversification of Archaea is central to the history of life on Earth. Cultivation-independent approaches have revealed the existence of at least ten archaeal lineages whose members have small cell and genome sizes and limited metabolic capabilities and together comprise the tentative DPANN archaea. However, the phylogenetic diversity of DPANN and the placement of the various lineages of this group in the archaeal tree remain debated. Here, we reconstructed additional metagenome...
Thu Mar 05, 2020 02:00
We present a protocol using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to identify and quantify major cellular lipids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The described method for a quantitative assessment of major lipid classes within a yeast cell is versatile, robust, and sensitive.
Sun Mar 08, 2020 21:05
This protocol explains how to collect single neurons, microglia, and astrocytes from the central nucleus of the amygdala with high accuracy and anatomic specificity using laser capture microdissection. Additionally, we explain our use of microfluidic RT-qPCR to measure a subset of the transcriptome of these cells.
Sun Mar 08, 2020 20:06
This paper presents a protocol that enables instrumentation of random wound electric coils with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) thermal sensors for the purpose of distributed condition monitoring of internal thermal hot spots.
Sun Mar 08, 2020 19:07
We present a protocol to characterize the sex of loggerhead shrike visually based on the coloration and pattern of the sixth primary wing feather.
Sun Mar 08, 2020 19:00
The major pelvic ganglia contain parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons that innervate pelvic organs. Here we describe a dissection method and provide schematics for identification of these ganglia and their associated nerves. These methods can be applied to experimental manipulation of these ganglia in vivo or removal post-mortem for further study.
Sat Mar 07, 2020 21:00
The aim of this study is to present an agility training program for older people. The feasibility of this program is described, and the training protocol demonstrated by video imaging.
Sat Mar 07, 2020 20:00
This work describes the complete fabrication process of thin absorber cadmium selenium telluride/cadmium telluride photovoltaic devices for enhanced efficiency. The process utilizes an automated in-line vacuum system for close-space sublimation deposition that is scalable, from fabrication of small area research devices as well as large-scale modules.
Fri Mar 06, 2020 22:00
This protocol enables efficient collection of experimental high-speed images of liquid drop impacts, and speedy analysis of those data in batches. To streamline these processes, the method describes how to calibrate and set up apparatus, generate an appropriate data structure, and deploy an image analysis script.
Fri Mar 06, 2020 21:00
To view and quantify the internal features of Candida albicans biofilms, we prepare fixed intact specimens that are clarified by refractive index matching. Then, optical sectioning microscopy can be used to obtain three-dimensional image data though the full thickness of the biofilm.
Fri Mar 06, 2020 20:00
Here, we present a tool that can be used to study the posttranscriptional modulation of a transcript in primary alveolar epithelial cells by using an inducible expression system coupled to a pipette electroporation technique.
Fri Mar 06, 2020 19:00
Publication date: Available online 7 March 2020Source: Cancer/RadiothérapieAuthor(s): A. Modesto, C. Dalmasso, A. Lusque, L. Vieillevigne, F. Izar, E. Moyal, N. Carrère, R. Guimbaud, M. Rives
Sun Mar 08, 2020 20:32
Publication date: Available online 7 March 2020Source: Cancer/RadiothérapieAuthor(s): Gang Jin, Lili Xue, Xiang Song
Sun Mar 08, 2020 20:32
Publication date: Available online 6 March 2020Source: Cancer/RadiothérapieAuthor(s): S. Yossi, D. Nguyen, M. Khodri, J. Reure, M. Cervellera, F. Lamberth, V. Marchand, V. Mammar, F. Renoult, E. Louet, R. Coquard, N. Barbet, F. Lorchel
Sat Mar 07, 2020 13:05
Bullying victimization among adolescents has been well-recognized as a behavior associated with adverse psychological and mental health outcomes. Most studies on bullying victimization have focused on adolesce...
Sat Mar 07, 2020 02:00
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 are now used as predictive biomarkers to guide clinical decisions. Precise characterization of PD-L1-positive cells may contribute to our knowledge of which patie...
Sat Mar 07, 2020 02:00
Ventricular unloading is associated with myocardial recovery. We sought to evaluate the association of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) on myocardial function after cardiac arrest. We conduc...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
Pythiosis is a deadly infectious disease caused by Pythium insidiosum. Reports of both human and animal pythiosis are on the rise worldwide. Prognosis of the pythiosis patients relies on early diagnosis and promp...
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the dietary phytochemical index (DPI) and overweight/obesity in children. This cross-sectional study was comprised of 356 children aged 7 to...
Thu Mar 05, 2020 02:00
Trypanosomosis is a disease of domestic animals and humans resulting from infection with parasitaemic protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma transmitted primarily by tsetse flies. A cross-sectional study was conducted...
Thu Mar 05, 2020 02:00
We present a method to prepare an amyloid model at scalable quantities for phantom studies to evaluate small-angle x-ray scattering systems for amyloid detection. Two amyloid models were made from a plasma pro...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
Commercial kits of column tests for pre-transfusion testing have progressively replaced conventional tube tests in most laboratories. Aim of this study was to compare three commercial test cell panels for the ...
Wed Mar 04, 2020 02:00
Publication date: Available online 7 March 2020Source: Sleep MedicineAuthor(s): Hea Ree Park, Su Jung Choi, Eun Yeon Joo, Richard P. Allen
Sun Mar 08, 2020 19:29
Publication date: Available online 7 March 2020Source: Sleep MedicineAuthor(s): Canan Gunduz, Ozen K. Basoglu, John Arthur Kvamme, Johan Verbraecken, Ulla Anttalainen, Oreste Marrone, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Gabriel Roisman, Pavol Joppa, Holger Hein, Georgia Trakada, Jan Hedner, Ludger Grote, P. Steiropoulos, J. Verbraecken, E. Petiet, G. Trakada, J.M. Montserrat, I. Fietze, T. Penzel
Sat Mar 07, 2020 12:26
Publication date: Available online 7 March 2020Source: Sleep MedicineAuthor(s): Leonard Soh, Hong Juan Han, Yu Yue, Jin Yu Tay, Ying Hao, Song Tar Toh
Sat Mar 07, 2020 12:26
Publication date: Available online 6 March 2020Source: Sleep MedicineAuthor(s): Ali Talib, Yvonne GM. Roebroek, Dick A. van Waardenburg, Chris P.M. van der Grinten, Bjorn Winkens, Nicole D. Bouvy, Ernst LWE. van Heurn
Sat Mar 07, 2020 12:26
Publication date: Available online 6 March 2020Source: Sleep MedicineAuthor(s): Megan L. Alder, Fei Ye, Fan Run, Kanika Bagai, Diane B. Fawkes, Barry T. Peterson, Beth A. Malow
Fri Mar 06, 2020 11:43
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