Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
Surgical Infections, Ahead of Print.
Fri Mar 20, 2020 09:00
Surgical Infections, Ahead of Print.
Fri Mar 20, 2020 09:00
Abstract In the veterinary and anthropological literature, the pathology of nonhuman primates is heavily focused on soft-tissue involvement and there is scant reference to nonhuman primates in zoopalaeopathology, the study of ancient and historical diseases in animals. We present the curated skeletal remains of a nonhuman primate present with osteolytic lesions consistent with a pathological process. We evaluated the observed pathological changes via an extensive macroscopic analysis...
Sat Mar 21, 2020 02:00
Fri Mar 20, 2020 18:22
Fri Mar 20, 2020 22:59
Objectives: The study compared the diagnostic performance of Planar Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) and V/Q Single-photon computed tomography (SPECT), and determined whether combining perfusion scanning with low-dose computed tomography (Q-LDCT) may be equally effective in a prospective study of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients. Background: V/Q scanning is recommended for excluding CTEPH during the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, Planar...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 22:59
para-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) has been previously used as an exogenous marker to verify completion of 24-hour urine sampling. Therefore, we hypothesized that radiolabeled PABA with 11C could allow high-quality dynamic PET of the kidneys while reducing the radiation exposure due to its short biological and physical half-lives. We evaluated if 11C-PABA could visualize renal anatomy and quantify function in healthy rats, rabbits, and first-in-human studies in healthy volunteers. Methods: Healthy rats...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 22:59
Latest digital whole-body PET scanners provide a combination of higher sensitivity and improved spatial and timing resolution. We performed a lesion detectability study on two generations of Siemens Biograph PET/CT scanners, the mCT and Vision, to study the impact of improved physical performance on clinical performance. Our hypothesis is that the improved performance of the Vision will result in improved lesion detectability, allowing shorter imaging times or equivalently, lower injected dose. ...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 22:59
Purpose: To determine the effect of smooth filter and partial volume correction (PVC) method on measured prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) activity in small metastatic lesions and to determine the impact of these changes on the molecular imaging (mi) PSMA scoring. Materials & Methods: Men with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer with negative CT and bone scintigraphy were referred for 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT. Examinations were performed on one of 2 PET/CT scanners (GE Discovery 610...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 22:59
Rationale: To conduct a retrospective study comparing three 123I-FP-CIT-SPECT quantitative methods in patients with neurodegenerative syndromes as referenced to neuropathological findings. Methods: 123I-FP-CIT-SPECT and neuropathological findings among patients with neurodegenerative syndromes from the Mayo Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Mayo Clinic Study of Aging were examined. Three 123I-FP-CIT-SPECT quantitative assessment Methods: MIMneuro (MIM Software Inc.), DaTQUANT (GE Healthcare),...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 22:59
Rationale: Fluorescence molecular endoscopy (FME) is an emerging technique that has the potential to improve the 22% colorectal polyp detection miss-rate. We determined the optimal dose-to-imaging interval and safety of FME using EMI-137, a c-Met targeted fluorescent peptide, in a population at high-risk for colorectal cancer. Methods: We performed in vivo FME and quantification of fluorescence by multi-diameter single-fiber reflectance, single-fiber fluorescence spectroscopy in 15 patients...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 22:59
Publication date: Available online 20 March 2020Source: Computer Speech & LanguageAuthor(s): Yik-Cheung Tam
Sat Mar 21, 2020 03:08
Publication date: Available online 19 March 2020Source: Computer Speech & LanguageAuthor(s): Bhusan Chettri, Tomi Kinnunen, Emmanouil Benetos
Sat Mar 21, 2020 03:08
Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of multiphasic computed tomography (CT) in the discrimination of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) of papillary thyroid cancer by using quantitative parameters. Methods This study enrolled 272 pathologically proven metastatic and benign LNs. Multiphasic CT was utilized by using nonenhanced, arterial (25-second delay), and venous (80-second delay) phases. Mean tissue attenuation values (MAVs) of metastatic and benign LNs...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
In this article, we aim to review Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System version 18 (LI-RADS v2018). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic malignancy. Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System developed for standardizing interpreting, reporting, and data collection of HCC describes 5 major features for accurate HCC diagnosis and several ancillary features, some favoring HCC in particular or malignancy in general and others favoring benignity. Untreated hepatic lesions LI-RADS...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
No abstract available
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Incidental adrenal lesions are found in 2% to 10% of the population. The presence and pattern of calcifications, in conjunction with other clinical and imaging features, such as soft tissue attenuation, enhancement, and laterality, can aid in narrowing a differential diagnosis, thereby preventing unnecessary biopsies and avoiding delays in management. Calcified adrenal lesions can be categorized under the clinical and laboratory headings of normal adrenal function, hyperfunctioning adrenal tissue,...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Objective The purpose of this study was to quantify the reduction in radiation dose achievable by using the optimal z-axis coverage in coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography (CCTA) on a latest-generation 256-slice scanner. Methods A total of 408 scans were reviewed that were performed on a wide-range detector scanner allowing up to 16-cm z-axis coverage (adjustable in 2-cm increments). For each CCTA study, we assessed the radiation dose (ie, dose-length product and volume CT dose index)...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Objective The aim of this study was to determine if texture analysis can classify liver observations likely to be hepatocellular carcinoma based on the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) using single portal venous phase computed tomography. Methods This research ethics board–approved retrospective cohort study included 64 consecutive LI-RADS observations. Individual observation texture analysis features were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and 2 sample t tests. Logistic regression...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
We aim to review the imaging appearance of fulminant demyelinating disorders of central nervous system that have different pathological features, clinical course, clinical features, and imaging findings different from classic multiple sclerosis. Routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help in accurate localization of the lesions, detection of associated lesions, and monitoring of these patients. Advanced MRI combined with routine MRI can aid in differentiation fulminant demyelinating lesions...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Purpose The aim of this study is to analyze retrospectively the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of pediatric vaginal endodermal sinus tumor (EST) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in a case series. Methods Seven children with vaginal EST and 2 children with vaginal RMS underwent MRI and/or computed tomography examination before the biopsy and treatment. Images were evaluated by 2 observers for the following features: (a) tumor extent; (b) margin; (c) tumor shape;...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Objective The objective of this study was to develop a nomogrom for prediction of pathological complete response (PCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Methods Ninety-one patients were analyzed. A total of 396 radiomics features were extracted from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was selected for data dimension reduction to build a radiomics...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Introduction Liver segmentation and volumetry have traditionally been performed using computed tomography (CT) attenuation to discriminate liver from other tissues. In this project, we evaluated if spectral detector CT (SDCT) can improve liver segmentation over conventional CT on 2 segmentation methods. Materials and Methods In this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant institutional review board–approved retrospective study, 30 contrast-enhanced SDCT scans with healthy...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic yield of computed tomography (CT)–guided core needle biopsy (CNB) for initial transbronchial biopsy (TBB)–based nondiagnostic lung lesions. Methods From January 2014 to December 2017, 101 consecutive patients with initial TBB-based nondiagnostic lung lesions underwent CT-guided CNB. All procedures were performed with an 18G core needle by a chest radiologist with more than 5 years of experience. The CT-guided CNB was performed...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether liver extracellular volume (ECV) measured using equilibrium computed tomography (EQ-CT) can be used to quantitatively assess doxorubicin-induced liver injury (DILI). Methods The ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee regulations. Thirteen dogs administered with doxorubicin for 0 to 24 weeks were imaged by contrast-enhanced EQ-CT. The dogs were divided into 3 groups: the baseline (13 dogs),...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Deep learning (DL), part of a broader family of machine learning methods, is based on learning data representations rather than task-specific algorithms. Deep learning can be used to improve the image quality of clinical scans with image noise reduction. We review the ability of DL to reduce the image noise, present the advantages and disadvantages of computed tomography image reconstruction, and examine the potential value of new DL-based computed tomography image reconstruction.
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare hepatic vascular and parenchymal image quality between direct and peristaltic contrast injectors during hepatic computed tomography (HCT). Methods Patients (n = 171) who underwent enhanced HCT and had both contrast media protocols and injector systems were included; group A: direct-drive injector with fixed 100 mL contrast volume (CV), and group B: peristaltic injector with weight-based CV. Opacification, contrast-to-noise ratio, signal-to-noise...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Objective We aimed to determine the effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) replacement on cognitive function in subjects with poststroke cognitive impairment using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods We included 60 patients with a first-ever stroke for 3 months and a diagnosis of cognitive impairment who were randomized 1:1 to receive either rhGH subcutaneously or placebo injection for 6 months. All subjects were required to receive the same rehabilitative...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Purpose This study aimed to prospectively assess the effects of changes in analytic variables and contrast material (CM) osmolality when measuring glomerular filtration rate using computed tomography (CT-GFR). Methods One hundred healthy participants were included in this analysis. Glomerular filtration rate was measured by technetium-99m diethylene-triamine-penta-acetic acid (99mTc-DTPA), and each participant underwent CT-GFR with iodinated CM (iohexol 240 or iobitridol 400) following a...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Objective To prospectively compare the performance of model-based and model-free dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) pharmacokinetic parameters in monitoring breast cancers' early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Methods Sixty patients, with 61 pathology-proven breast cancers, were examined using DCE magnetic resonance imaging before, after the first cycle, and after full cycles of NACT. Both model-based (Ktrans and others) and model-free parameters, mainly time-intensity curve (TIC),...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Objectives This study aimed to assess if dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) quantitative analysis and radiomics can differentiate normal liver, hepatic steatosis, and cirrhosis. Materials and Methods Our retrospective study included 75 adult patients (mean age, 54 ± 16 years) who underwent contrast-enhanced, dual-source DECT of the abdomen. We used Dual-Energy Tumor Analysis prototype for semiautomatic liver segmentation and DECT and radiomic features. The data were analyzed with multiple...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Purpose The aim of this study was to identify possible predictors for findings of left atrial appendage (LAA) filling defects in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) on cardiac computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods We retrospectively evaluated findings of LAA filling defects on the early phase of cardiac CT of 63 patients with history of AF and compared those images with those of 63 control subjects. We investigated potential predictors for LAA filling defects. Results Filling...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Objective We developed a patient-specific contrast enhancement optimizer (p-COP) that can exploratorily calculate the contrast injection protocol required to obtain optimal enhancement at target organs using a computer simulator. Appropriate contrast media dose calculated by the p-COP may minimize interpatient enhancement variability. Our study sought to investigate the clinical utility of p-COP in hepatic dynamic computed tomography (CT). Methods One hundred thirty patients (74 men, 56 women;...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Background The single line of the normal interlobar fissure shown on a thin section image can be reconstructed as a 5-line sign on axial maximal intensity projection. The line between the lung nodule and the pleura is called the pleural tail sign on thin image. On the axial maximal intensity projection, it can also be reconstructed as the 5-line sign or fewer than 5 lines. Objective This study aimed to observe the effect of 5-line signs in staging, progression, and prognosis of peripheral...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of slice thickness, iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithm, and kernel selection on measurement accuracy and interobserver variability for semiautomated renal cortex volumetry (RCV) with multislice computed tomography (CT). Methods Ten patients (62.4 ± 17.2 years) undergoing abdominal biphasic multislice computed tomography were enrolled in this retrospective study. Computed tomography data sets were reconstructed at 1-, 2-, and 5-mm...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
No abstract available
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
Objective The objective of this study was to assess if bowel wall iodine density obtained from dual-source, dual-energy computed tomography enterography (DECTE) could be a biomarker of Crohn's disease activity. Methods Twenty-two patients with Crohn's disease imaged with DECTE from February 2016 to May 2018 were retrospectively identified by departmental report search. Iodine maps were created with commercial software (Syngovia). Iodine content was normalized to the aorta, and then manual...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
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