J Neurol Surg Rep 2020; 81: e7-e9DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400231 Introduction Textiloma (Txm) is a nonmedical term that has been given to foreign body-related inflammatory pseudotumor arising from retained nonabsorbable cotton matrix that is either inadvertently or deliberately left behind during surgery, which may trigger an inflammatory reaction. This report describes a case of Txm mimicking a recurrent high-grade astrocytoma. Case Report We, here, present the case of a 69-year-old...
Sun Mar 22, 2020 01:00
06:00
British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 23 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0810-1OX40 and LAG3 are associated with better prognosis in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with anti-programmed death-1 antibody
02:00
British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 23 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0782-1Targeting the HGF/c-MET pathway in advanced pancreatic cancer: a key element of treatment that limits primary tumour growth and eliminates metastasis
02:00
British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 23 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0800-3DAXX inhibits cancer stemness and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer
02:00
British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 23 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0808-8Ferritin in glioblastoma
02:00
British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 23 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0807-9Young adulthood body mass index, adult weight gain and breast cancer risk: the PROCAS Study (United Kingdom)
02:00
01:18
01:18
01:18
Researchers have discovered the origins of the protein structures responsible for metabolism: simple molecules that powered early life on Earth and serve as chemical signals that NASA could use to search for life on other planets. Their study predicts what the earliest proteins looked like 3.5 billion to 2.5 billion years ago.
Mon Mar 16, 2020 21:21
Males that face tougher competition for females risk having offspring with a greater number of harmful mutations in their genome than males without rivals. Researchers have discovered this correlation in the beetle species Callosobruchus maculatus.
Mon Mar 16, 2020 20:15
The rapid pace of climate change threatens all living species. An international team of researchers has demonstrated that fish living in the Baltic Sea evolve using epigenetic mechanisms, yet to a lesser extent than previously hypothesized.
Sat Mar 21, 2020 01:27
A new study has provided the most comprehensive analysis of human genetic diversity to date, after the sequencing of 929 human genomes. The study uncovers a large amount of previously undescribed genetic variation and provides new insights into our evolutionary past, highlighting the complexity of the process through which our ancestors diversified, migrated and mixed throughout the world.
Thu Mar 19, 2020 20:10
Color, an important visual cue for survival, is encoded by comparing signals from photoreceptors with different spectral sensitivities. The mouse retina expresses a short wavelength-sensitive and a middle/long wavelength-sensitive opsin (S- and M-opsin), forming opposing, overlapping gradients along the dorsal-ventral axis. Here, we analyzed the distribution of all cone types across the entire retina for two commonly used mouse strains. We found, unexpectedly, that 'true' S-cones (S-opsin only) are...
Sun Mar 22, 2020 02:00
Developmental shifts in stage-specific gene expression can provide a ready mechanism of phenotypic change by altering the rate or timing of ontogenetic events. We discovered that the high-altitude Tibetan antelope (Panthelops hodgsonii) has evolved an adaptive increase in blood-oxygen affinity by truncating the ancestral ontogeny of globin gene expression such that a high-affinity juvenile hemoglobin isoform (isoHb) completely supplants the lower-affinity isoHb that is expressed in the adult red...
Sun Mar 22, 2020 02:00
Human populations in many countries have undergone a phase of demographic transition, characterized by a major reduction in fertility at a time of increased resource availability. A key stylized fact is that the reduction in fertility is preceded by a reduction in mortality and a consequent increase in population density. Various theories have been proposed to account for the demographic transition process, including maladaptation, increased parental investment in fewer offspring, and cultural evolution....
Sat Mar 21, 2020 02:00
Anthropogenic perturbations such as water overexploitation introduce novel selective pressures to the natural environments, impacting on the genomic variability of organisms and thus altering the evolutionary trajectory of its populations. Bad agricultural practices and defective policies in Cuatro Cienegas, Coahuila, Mexico, have strongly impacted its water reservoir, pushing entire hydrological systems to the brink of extinction together with their native populations. Here, we studied the effects...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
Reproductive isolation is central to speciation, but interspecific crosses between two closely related species can produce viable and fertile hybrids. Two different species in the tunicate genus Ciona, Ciona robusta and Ciona intestinalis can produce hybrids. However, wild sympatric populations display limited gene flow, suggesting the existence of obstacles to interspecific reproduction that remain unknown. Here, we took advantage of a closed inland culture system to cross C. robusta with C. intestinalis...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
Local adaptation is an important consideration when predicting arthropod-borne disease risk because it can impact on vector population fitness and persistence. However, the extent that vector populations are adapted to local environmental conditions and whether this can impact on species distributions generally remains unknown. Here we find that the geographic distribution of Ae. aegypti across Panama is rapidly changing as a consequence of the recent invasion by its ecological competitor, Aedes...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
By shaping meiotic recombination, chromosomal inversions can influence genetic exchange between hybridizing species. Despite the recognized importance of inversions in evolutionary processes such as divergence and speciation, teasing apart the effects of inversions over time remains challenging. For example, are their effects on sequence divergence primarily generated through creating blocks of linkage-disequilibrium pre-speciation or through preventing gene flux after speciation? We provide a comprehensive...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
Social insects are notable for having two female castes that exhibit extreme differences in their reproductive capacity. The molecular basis of these differences is largely unknown. A protein that likely plays a key role in these differences is Vitellogenin (Vg), a powerful antioxidant and insulin-signalling regulator. Here we investigate how Royal Jelly (the major food of honeybee queens) and queen pheromone (a major regulator of worker fertility), affects the longevity and reproductive status of...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
CRISPR-based homing gene drive is a genetic control technique aiming to modify or eradicate natural populations through the release of individuals carrying an engineered piece of DNA that can be inherited by all their progeny. Developing countermeasures is important to control the spread of gene drives, should they result in unanticipated damages. One proposed countermeasure is the introduction of individuals carrying a brake construct that targets and inactivates the drive allele but leaves the...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
Congeneric parasites are unlikely to specialize on the same tissues of the same host species, likely because of strong multifarious selection against niche overlap. Exceptions where multiple congeneric species overlap on the same tissues may therefore reveal important insights into the ecological factors underlying the origins and maintenance of diversity. Larvae of sunflower maggot flies in genus Strauzia feed on the pith of plants in the family Asteraceae. Although Strauzia tend to be host specialists,...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
Bats provide key ecosystem services such as crop pest regulation, pollination, seed dispersal, and soil fertilization. Bats are also major hosts for biological agents responsible for zoonoses, such as coronaviruses (CoVs). The islands of the Western Indian Ocean are identified as a major biodiversity hotspot, with more than 50 bat species. In this study, we tested 1,013 bats belonging to 36 species from Mozambique, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Reunion Island and Seychelles, based on molecular...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
Despite the fact that animals encounter a plethora of bacterial species throughout their lives, only a subset are capable of colonizing vertebrate digestive tracts, and these bacteria can profoundly influence the health and development of their animal hosts. However, it is still unknown how bacteria evolve symbioses with animal hosts, and this process is central to both the assembly and function of gut bacterial communities. Therefore, we used experimental evolution to study a free-living bacterium...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
Objectives: As a primary trophic strategy, insectivory is uncommon and unevenly distributed across extant primates. This pattern is partly a function of the challenges that insectivory poses for large-bodied primates. In this study, I demonstrate that the uneven distribution is also a consequence of variation in the rate of trophic evolution among small-bodied lineages. Methods: The sample consisted of 307 species classified by primary trophic strategy and body size, creating an ordered three-state...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
Ascosphaera apis is an entomopathogenic fungus that exclusively infects honeybee larvae, resulting in chalkbrood disease, a widespread fungal disease damaging the beekeeping industry all over the world. In this article, purified mycelia (Aam) and spores (Aas) of A. apis pure culture under lab condition were sequenced using PacBio Sequel platform. In total, 13,302,489 and 9,911,345 subreads were yielded from Aam and Aas, respectively; 394,142 and 274,928 circular consensus sequence (CCS) reads were...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
Experimental evolution has a long history of uncovering fundamental insights into evolutionary processes but has largely neglected one underappreciated component--the microbiome. As eukaryotic hosts evolve, the microbiome may also evolve in response. However, the microbial contribution to host evolution remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the metagenomes from 10 E&R experiments in Drosophila melanogaster to determine how the microbiome changes in response to host selection. Bacterial...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
Over the course of the last several million years of evolution, humans likely have been plagued by hundreds or perhaps thousands of epidemics. Little is known about such ancient epidemics and a deep evolutionary perspective on current pathogenic threats is lacking. The study of past epidemics has typically been limited in temporal scope to recorded history, and in physical scope to pathogens that left sufficient DNA behind, such as Yersinia pestis during the Great Plague. Host genomes however offer...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
Mobile elements (MEs) can be divided into two major classes based on their transposition mechanisms as retrotransposons and DNA transposons. DNA transposons move in the genomes directly in the form of DNA in a cut-and-paste style, while retrotransposons utilize an RNA-intermediate to transpose in a copy-and-paste fashion. In addition to the target site duplications (TSDs), a hallmark of transposition shared by both classes, the DNA transposons also carry terminal inverted repeats (TIRs). DNA transposons...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
Protein phase separation is essential for the self-assembly of non-membraneous organelles. However, we know little about its ability to change in evolution. Here we studied the evolution of the mammalian RNA binding protein FUS, a protein whose prion-like domain (PLD) is essential for the formation of stress granules through liquid-liquid phase separation. Although the prion-like domain evolves three times as rapidly as the remainder of FUS, it harbors absolutely conserved tyrosine residues that...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
Spatial and seasonal variation in the environment are ubiquitous. Covariation between a trait and space is often interpreted as the result of selection, but demography can complicate inference. Finding seasonal changes driven by selection is challenging, given effect sizes are small and the environment is subject to stochastic changes within seasons. Drosophila melanogaster is known to harbor polymorphisms that change with latitude and seasons. Identifying the role of selection in driving latitudinal...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
Background: Whilst adaptive facultative sex allocation has been widely studied at the phenotypic level across a broad range of organisms, we still know remarkably little about its genetic architecture. Here, we explore the genome-wide basis of sex ratio variation in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis, perhaps the best studied organism in terms of sex allocation, and well known for its response to local mate competition (LMC). Results: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for single...
Fri Mar 20, 2020 02:00
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου