Lung cancer always ranks first in the number of cancer deaths every year, accounting for 18.4% of total cancer deaths in 2018. Metastasis is the main cause of death in lung cancer patients. The identification of bioactive components of traditional Chinese medicine is very important for the development of novel reagents against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Rosthorin A has originated from Rabdosia rosthornii (Diels) Hara which excerpts from ‘Chinese materia medica’, and is known to have ‘clear...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Bone metastasis is one of the common phenomena in the late stage of lung cancer. Inhibition of bone metastasis can improve the survival of lung cancer patients. However, the current drugs for the treatment of bone metastasis have shown little effect on overall survival. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to identify novel drugs capable of preventing and treating bone metastasis of lung cancer. Our study determined that icaritin (ICT) can inhibit lung cancer-mediated osteoclastogenesis and induce...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide. Our previous studies have shown that combinatorial treatment with thioridazine and loratadine may effectively inhibit CRC. However, the translation of these research findings to clinical practice was impaired by issues related to a lack of therapeutic specificity and to immune evasion. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have been used as adjuvants to enhance the effectiveness of cancer vaccines. The aim of this study was to evaluate...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
The pharmacologically active metabolite of cyclophosphamide is aldophosphamide. With cysteine, aldophosphamide forms stable aldophosphamide-thiazolidine which under physiological pH and temperature conditions hydrolyzes to aldophosphamide and cysteine. Aldophosphamide-thiazolidine was synthesized and tested for its ability as a cytostatic. The LD50 after a single intraperitoneal injection in mice was determined to be 2162 mg/kg, but after intravenous bolus administration of 500 mg/kg or in chronic...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Anlotinib is a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor developed independently in China. Its biological effects remain unclear in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of anlotinib in combination with irinotecan on H446 and H2227 SCLC cell lines and provide new treatment strategy for SCLC. Cell growth of two cell lines was inhibited by anlotinib, irinotecan and the combination in a dose-dependent manner. After 72 h incubation, the inhibition rate was greater...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Mounting evidence has implicated the vital role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aims to investigate the mechanism of lncRNA MEG8 on NSCLC progression. The mRNA expressions of MEG8 and miR-107 were examined in tumor and adjacent normal tissues from patients with NSCLC by qRT-PCR. Lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells were transfected with MEG8 overexpression plasmid, and NSCLC A549 and H1299 cells were transfected with MEG8 or miR-107 overexpression/knockdown...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Background Novel manganese complex, PdpaMn ([(Pdpa)MnCl2]), was developed to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The impact of phosphoinositide-(3)-kinase pathway onto fatty acid synthase (FASN) has an effect on cellular metabolism in breast cancer. However, reverse actions from FASN towards PI3K/Akt are still indefinable. Perhaps, loss of FASN could regulate glycolysis. Previously we established that PdpaMn inhibits FASN and involve in mitochondrial function. This study investigated the...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Magnesium wasting is a frequent side effect of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-antibody treatment as magnesium-absorption mechanisms are dependent on EGFR signaling. EGFR-inhibition results in decreased renal reabsorption. There is evidence that hypomagnesemia during cetuximab treatment correlates with response. The prognostic role of hypomagnesemia during bevacizumab treatment has not been studied yet. Here, we evaluate the prognostic value of hypomagnesemia in patients with metastatic colorectal...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Background New York City (NYC) is the epicenter of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID‐19]) in the United States. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of vulnerable populations, such as those with gynecologic cancer who develop COVID‐19 infections, is limited. Methods Patients from 6 NYC‐area hospital systems with known gynecologic cancer and a COVID‐19 diagnosis were identified. Demographic and clinical outcome data were abstracted through a review...
Thu Jul 30, 2020 10:17
British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 31 July 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-1015-3Integrated clinico-molecular profiling of appendiceal adenocarcinoma reveals a unique grade-driven entity distinct from colorectal cancer
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Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the majority of liver cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer‐related death. Although advances in targeted molecular targeted therapy have shown promise, none of these agents have yet demonstrated significant clinical benefits. Bromo‐ and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins inhibitors have been considered potential therapeutic drugs for HCC but the biological activity remains unclear. This present study found that BET proteins inhibition...
Wed Jul 29, 2020 20:40
Abstract Hypoxia plays an essential role in the development of various cancers. The biological function and underlying mechanism of microRNA‐338‐3p (miR‐338‐3p) under hypoxia remain clarified in breast cancer (BC). Herein, we performed bioinformatics, gain‐ and loss‐of‐function of miR‐338‐3p, a luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in vitro and tumor xenograft model. We also explored the potential signaling pathways of miR‐338‐3p in BC. We detected the expression levels...
Wed Jul 29, 2020 20:38
Abstract Immune‐based tumor characteristics in the context of tumor heterogeneity are associated with suppression as well as promotion of cancer progression in various tumor types. As immunity typically functions based on inter‐cellular contacts and short‐distance cytokine communications, the location and spatial relationships of the tumor–immune microenvironment can provide a framework to understand the biology and potential predictive biomarkers related to disease outcomes. Immune spatial analysis...
Wed Jul 29, 2020 20:38
Abstract Most clinical trials of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exclude patients with poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS). Thus, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with poor PS remains unclear. Herein, we used data from a retrospective cohort to assess the potential clinical benefits of ICIs in NSCLC patients with poor PS. Data from NSCLC patients who received ICI monotherapy at nine institutions between December 2015 and May 2018 were...
Wed Jul 29, 2020 20:27
Purpose:Despite promising advances in breast cancer immunotherapy, augmenting T-cell infiltration has remained a significant challenge. Although neither individual vaccines nor immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) have had broad success as monotherapies, we hypothesized that targeted vaccination against an oncogenic driver in combination with ICB could direct and enable antitumor immunity in advanced cancers.Experimental Design:Our models of HER2+ breast cancer exhibit molecular signatures that are reflective...
Thu Jul 30, 2020 16:50
Biological sex profoundly conditions organismal development and physiology, imposing wide-ranging effects on cell signaling, metabolism, and immune response. These effects arise from sex-specified differences in hormonal exposure, and from intrinsic genetic and epigenetic differences associated with the presence of an XX versus XY chromosomal complement. In addition, biological sex is now recognized to be a determinant of the incidence, presentation, and therapeutic response of multiple forms of...
Thu Jul 30, 2020 15:42
The development and review of combination drug regimens in oncology may present unique challenges to investigators and regulators. For regulatory approval of combination regimens, it is necessary to demonstrate the contribution of effect of each monotherapy to the overall combination. Alternative approaches to traditional designs may be needed to accelerate oncology drug development, for example when combinations are substantially superior to available therapy, to reduce exposure to less effective...
Thu Jul 30, 2020 15:42
Opinion statement Malignant gliomas remain a challenging cancer to treat due to limitations in both therapeutic and efficacious options. Tumor treating fields (TTFields) have emerged as a novel, locoregional, antineoplastic treatment modality with favorable efficacy and safety being demonstrated in the most aggressive type of malignant gliomas, glioblastoma (GBM). In 2 large randomized, controlled phase 3 trials, the addition of TTFields was associated with increased overall...
Thu Jul 30, 2020 03:00
Opinion statement Corticosteroids have been essential in the management of brain tumor patients for decades, primarily for the treatment of peritumoral cerebral edema and its associated neurologic deficits. Dexamethasone is the drug of choice with standard practice being administration up to four times per day, however, because of its long biologic half-life and high potency, once or twice a day dosing is likely adequate in patients without elevated intracranial pressure. The...
Thu Jul 30, 2020 03:00
Publication date: September 2020Source: European Journal of Cancer, Volume 137Author(s): Milea J.M. Timbergen, Anne-Rose W. Schut, Dirk J. Grünhagen, Stefan Sleijfer, Cornelis Verhoef
Thu Jul 30, 2020 21:17
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2020Source: European Journal of Surgical OncologyAuthor(s): Giorgio Candotti, Michele Peiretti, Giorgia Mangili, Alice Bergamini, Massimo Candiani, Raffaella Cioffi, Valerio Mais, Emanuela Rabaiotti, Luca Bocciolone
Thu Jul 30, 2020 19:32
Autologous tissue reconstruction after mastectomy–A cross-sectional survey of 110 hospitals in China
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2020Source: European Journal of Surgical OncologyAuthor(s): Wang Jia, Xiu Bingqiu, Guo Rong, Zhang Qi, Su Yonghui, Li Lun, Chi Weiru, Shao Zhimin, Wu Jiong
Thu Jul 30, 2020 19:32
We analysed consecutive RT-qPCR results of 537 symptomatic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients in home quarantine. Respectively 2, 3, and 4 weeks after symptom onset, 50%, 25% and 10% of patients had detectable RNA from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In patients with mild COVID-19, RNA detection is likely to outlast currently known periods of infectiousness by far and fixed time periods seem more appropriate in determining the length of home isolation than laboratory-based...
Thu Jul 30, 2020 03:00
We report a case of Legionella pneumonia in a dishwasher of a restaurant in Rome, Italy, just after the end of the lockdown that was in place to control the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. The case highlights the importance of strict monitoring of water and air systems immediately before reopening business or public sector buildings, and the need to consider Legionella infections among the differential diagnosis of respiratory infections after lockdown due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Thu Jul 30, 2020 03:00
Background Despite progress in the management of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) it causes significant mortality and sequelae. Aim This study aims to describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of IMD in Cyprus and discuss the current immunisation programmes. Methods This is a retrospective study of all cases of IMD notified to the Ministry of Health between 2004 and 2018. Demographic, epidemiological, clinical and microbiological data were collected when...
Thu Jul 30, 2020 03:00
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Wed Jul 29, 2020 04:47
Related Articles Bempegaldesleukin plus nivolumab in untreated, unresectable or metastatic melanoma: Phase III PIVOT IO 001 study design. Future Oncol. 2020 Jul 29;: Authors: Khushalani NI, Diab A, Ascierto PA, Larkin J, Sandhu S, Sznol M, Koon HB, Jarkowski A, Zhou M, Statkevich P, Geese WJ, Long GV Abstract Nivolumab, a programmed cell death-1 inhibitor, has demonstrated prolonged survival benefit in patients with advanced melanoma. Bempegaldesleukin...
Thu Jul 30, 2020 14:49
Related Articles The relationship between methionine synthase rs1805087 polymorphism and hematological cancers risk. Future Oncol. 2020 Jul 29;: Authors: Bai Y, Drokow EK, Waqas Ahmed HA, Song J, Akpabla GS, Kumah MA, Agyekum EB, Neku EA, Sun K Abstract Background: The relationship between hematological cancer susceptibility and methionine synthase MTR A2756G (rs1805087) polymorphism is inconclusive based on data from past studies. Hence, this...
Thu Jul 30, 2020 14:49
Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Mon Jul 27, 2020 10:00
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most lethal forms of adult cancer with poor prognosis. Substantial evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important modulators of aggr...
Wed Jul 29, 2020 03:00
Mounting evidence suggests that solid tumors display the features of collective invasion, however, the molecular mechanisms are far from clear. This study aims to verify the role and the underlying mechanisms ...
Wed Jul 29, 2020 03:00
To test the efficacy and feasibility of pelvic bone marrow sparing intensity modulated radiotherapy (PBMS-IMRT) in reducing grade 2 or higher hematological toxicity (HT2+) for patients with cervical cancer tre...
Wed Jul 29, 2020 03:00
We present a functional gene association network of the CLIP2 gene, generated by de-novo reconstruction from transcriptomic microarray data. CLIP2 was previously identified as a potential marker for radiation ind...
Wed Jul 29, 2020 03:00
To evaluate 106Ruthenium Brachytherapy in management of medium sized uveal melanoma, with emphasis on 5-year outcome and toxicity.
Wed Jul 29, 2020 03:00
Automatic tumor segmentation based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has shown to be a valuable tool in treatment planning and clinical decision making. We investigate the influence of 7 MRI input channe...
Wed Jul 29, 2020 03:00
Radiotherapy is part of the standard treatment of high-grade gliomas following primary resection [1,2]. In particular, expanded clinical target volumes, but also technical limitations in dose delivery, such as positioning uncertainties and physical properties of the used irradiation technique, inevitably lead to irradiation of surrounding normal appearing brain. This can cause radiation induced brain injury, which is commonly categorised into acute, early delayed and late side effects, whereas late...
Thu Jul 30, 2020 03:00
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most prevalent neoplasms worldwide. It is the sixth most common cancer, with an incidence of 1.2 million cases, and the second-leading cause of cancer-related death, with 865,000 deaths in 2017 [1]. The efficacy of adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) over surgery alone was proven in the Intergroup 0116 trial [2,3], while the efficacy of perioperative and/or postoperative chemotherapy over surgery alone was proven by three randomized phase III trials conducted...
Thu Jul 30, 2020 03:00
The standard curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is surgical resection or liver transplantation (LT). Most HCC patients are diagnosed as locally advanced[1], thus, rendering the tumor unresectable and untransplantable. Treatment recommendations in the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) guidelines are limited to single-modality treatments, which have modest benefit but are not curative treatments[2–6].
Thu Jul 30, 2020 03:00
A pooled meta-analysis and systematic review of the outcomes of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for adrenal metastases revealed good 1-year local control rates, and low rates of toxicity [1]. However, the studies included were mostly small, and the retrospective nature of the studies may have led to toxicity being underestimated. High-dose SABR delivery can benefit from an individualized assessment of patient anatomy in order to minimize organ-at-risk (OAR) toxicity [1–2]. We implemented...
Thu Jul 30, 2020 03:00
Nucleic acid aptamers can be chemically modified to enhance function, but modifying previously selected aptamers can have non-trivial structural and functional consequences. We present a reselection strategy to evaluate the impact of several modifications on pre-existing aptamer pools. RNA aptamer libraries with affinity to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) were re-transcribed with 2'-F, 2'-OMe, or 2'-NH2 pyrimidines and subjected to three additional selection cycles. RT inhibition was observed for...
Thu Jul 30, 2020 18:16
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2020Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North AmericaAuthor(s): Boris Sepesi, Tina Cascone, Stephen G. Chun, Mehmet Altan, Xiuning Le
Thu Jul 30, 2020 13:20
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