Key PointsA single-chain pHLA phage library was used to profile TCR specificities for pHLA. TCRs that bind to a common peptide can target different features of the peptide. Engaging different peptide features results in distinct peptide repertoires.
Key PointsIntravaginal neomycin can pull CD8 T cells to the vaginal mucosa. Neomycin-recruited CD8 T cells become tissue resident and protect mice from HSV-2. Neomycin can replace recombinant chemokine CXCL10 in prime and pull vaccine.
Key Points4-1BBL signaling regulates metabolism and polarization in macrophages. Blocking 4-1BBL signaling alleviates the severity of psoriasis in mice. Targeting 4-1BBL signaling can be an option for treating psoriasis in patients.
Key PointsTCR stimulation induces intracellular iron flux that correlates with proliferation. Iron fuels proliferation by contributing to IL-2R signaling in activated T cells. Iron is required for proper mitochondrial function after T cell activation.
Key PointsIFN- primes the NOD2 pathway in AML, increasing susceptibility to MTP-PE. MTP-PE plus IFN- induces AML blast apoptosis via caspase-1. MTP-PE plus IFN- matures and activates disease-suppressed NK cells.
Key PointsPosttranslationally methylated peptides can be recognized by human T cells. Methyl lysines are part of the T cell epitope on heparin-binding hemagglutinin. Methylated peptides induce IFN- secretion upon M. tuberculosis infection.
Key PointsAntileishmanial drugs inhibit CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation. Antileishmanial drugs inhibit IL-12 expression in monocytes. Amphotericin B induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Key PointsSlit2, a neuron repellant, can determine fibrocyte cytokine expression repertoires. Slit2 attenuates IL-23 while enhancing IL-12. Divergent IL-23 and IL-12 expression is mediated through JNK.
Key PointsStable ficolin-2/-3 heterocomplexes exist in normal human serum and plasma. Concentrations of ficolin-2/-3 complexes correlate with ficolin-2 and -3 in plasma.
Key PointsReduced IL-37 was associated with the pathogenesis of MG. Tfh and B cells highly express IL-37 receptor SIGIRR. IL-37 represses the activation of Tfh and B cells via STAT3 signaling.
Key PointsOsteopontin promotes homeostasis of mouse and human IEL, mediated by its ligand CD44. iCD8α cells produce osteopontin, which impacts the survival of other IEL. Lack of osteopontin renders mice susceptible to intestinal inflammation.
Key PointsThe citric acid cycle metabolite fumarate upregulates ULBP2/5 surface expression. A high fumarate level induces redox changes, resulting in ROS production. ROS production by fumarate associates with ULBP2/5 surface expression.
Key PointsEzh2 is required for repression of ILC2 transcription factors in pro-B lymphocytes. Lin28b is expressed in Ezh2-deficient pro-B lymphocytes. Ezh2 limits conversion of adult pro-B lymphocytes into fetal-like B-1 cells.
Key PointsIntestinal DCs migrate to RLN on ReA onset. TNFRp55 deficiency promotes CCR7 expression. FTY720 reduces DC migration and suppresses ReA.
Key PointsKIR genes evolved rapidly in closely related macaque species and their populations. Hybrid KIR genes in macaques are generated frequently by recombination.
Key PointsZebrafish NIK positively regulates antiviral response through the induction of IFN. IKKα phosphorylates the NIK at the residue Thr432. The IKKα–NIK complex mediates the activation of IRF3 and NF-B.
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