by Nandhini Ashok, Carl E. Bauer Many bacterial species are capable of forming long-lived dormant cells. The best characterized are heat and desiccation resistant spores produced by many Gram-positive species. Less characterized are dormant cysts produced by several Gram-negative species that are somewhat tolerant to increased temperature and very resistant to desiccation. While there is progress in understanding regulatory circuits that control spore germination, there is scarce information...
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by Elizabeth A. Mueller, Corey S. Westfall, Petra Anne Levin Cell size is a complex trait, derived from both genetic and environmental factors. Environmental determinants of bacterial cell size identified to date primarily target assembly of cytosolic components of the cell division machinery. Whether certain environmental cues also impact cell size through changes in the assembly or activity of extracytoplasmic division proteins remains an open question. Here, we identify extracellular pH as...
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by Ting Deng, Przemyslaw Stempor, Alex Appert, Michael Daube, Julie Ahringer, Alex Hajnal, Evelyn Lattmann Cell invasion allows cells to migrate across compartment boundaries formed by basement membranes. Aberrant cell invasion is a first step during the formation of metastases by malignant cancer cells. Anchor cell (AC) invasion in C. elegans is an excellent in vivo model to study the regulation of cell invasion during development. Here, we have examined the function of egl-43, the homolog...
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Abstract The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that can impact the adoption of mobile apps for teaching-learning process focusing on the girls’ school in rural India. The hypotheses were proposed and a conceptual model has been developed. There is a survey work conducted to collect the data from different respondents using a convenience sampling method. The model has been validated statistically through PLS-SEM analysis covering feedbacks of 271 effective respondents....
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The latest coronavirus news updated every day including coronavirus cases, the latest news, features and interviews from New Scientist and essential information about the covid-19 pandemic
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Electric cars already have a bigger climate change impact than fossil-fuel burning cars in almost every part of the world, according to researchers
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The UK government has published details of the scientific advice behind its strategies to tackle the covid-19 outbreak, but outside experts say it is missing key points and hasn't been implemented properly
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A new film squares up to the tough task of reinventing Marie Curie, one of science's biggest stars, by building a big picture of her work – and its future fallout
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Abstract In vitro models of angiogenesis are valuable tools for understanding the underlying mechanisms of pathological conditions and for the preclinical evaluation of therapies. Our laboratory developed the rat mesentery culture model as a new tool for investigating mechanistic cell–cell interactions at specific locations across intact blood and lymphatic microvascular networks ex vivo. The objective of this study was to report a method for evaluating the effect of aging on human...
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Abstract This piece discusses an internal medicine trainee’s attempt to process the untimely death of a patient seen in primary clinic by suicide. More specifically, it explores the role mental health may have played in the patient’s care, and the possibility of the symptoms which were labeled as functional having been manifestations of underlying psychiatric illness. The piece also attempts to explore the unique challenges facing veterans within the healthcare system.
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Abstract Multiple methodological approaches have been used to explore adolescent alcohol use and related sexual behaviors, ranging from surveys to assessments of alcohol outlet density. Although surveys can capture the extent of alcohol use, they do not allow for a contextualized understanding of young people’s voiced experiences with alcohol, including sociocultural, gendered and environmental pressures to consume, and related engagement in sex. The mapping of alcohol outlets...
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Abstract When transporting yogurt, vibrations and sharp movements can damage its quality. This study developed a model to connect the changes in yogurt quality with the transportation distance as simulated by the total number of vibrations. Linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the water holding capacity and hardness of the yogurt over the same transport distance (p < 0.05). The yogurt vibration model was established by...
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[ Advance Publication ] [ Title ] The risk factors for hepatic steatosis in patients with primary aldosteronism [ Author ] Yui Shibayama,Norio Wada,Shuhei Baba,Shinji Obara,Hidetsugu Sakai,Hiroaki Usubuchi,Satoshi Terae,Akinobu Nakamura,Tatsuya Atsumi [ Advance Pub. date ] 2020-03-24 [ DOI ] https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.EJ19-0600
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To explore the mechanism of action of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook (TWH) in the treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD) by network pharmacology.
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The hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a febrile and exanthematous childhood disease mainly caused by Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71). In severe HFMD, virulent EV-A71 strains can cause acute flaccid paralysis and ...
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Hollow polymer particles with dimensions in the submicrometer region possess great potential for encapsulation of large quantities of and large sized guest molecules into their empty core domains. Conventional molecular chemistry requires costly synthetic procedures and only in special cases allows such particles to be prepared with exact control over their size and morphology. Therefore various self-assembly and templating approaches have been developed which will be briefly introduced in this article.
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The lamellar liquid crystalline phase of a pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E5)/decane/water system is used as a matrix to create amphiphilic polymer network structures from α,ω-hydrophobically modified poly(oxyethylenes) bearing polymerizable end groups and hydrophobic comonomers. The polymer networks preserve the characteristic layer structure and the orientation of the liquid crystalline phase even after extraction of the templating matrix. This allows the preparation of highly anisotropic...
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Self-assembled structures of surfactants and block copolymers provide a valuable tool for controlling nanostructure formation in polymers and inorganic solids. The past year has seen a huge number of different new nanoparticles and mesostructured solids. A high level of control of the mesoscopic and macroscopic morphologies has been reached for both polymer nanostructures and mesoporous inorganic materials.
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A new class of mechanically stable block copolymer protein hybrid materials: Giant freestanding membranes with a thickness of 10 nm were prepared from polymerizable amphiphilic triblock copolymers in which, despite their extreme thickness, it was possible to reconstitute channel proteins. The proteins remained functional in the completely artificial surrounding even after polymerization of the membranes, as revealed by conductance measurements. These polymerâEuro"protein hybrid materials possess...
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Template-directed synthesis is an elegant approach to defined nanostructured materials. Vesicles or liposomes have already been used in the synthesis of small inorganic particles, but their use as a template for polymer synthesis is rare. Despite this, direct templating of vesicles offers interesting new possibilities for the formation of defined nanostructured polymers. While the polymer morphology is determined by the size and shape of the templates, the polymer framework can be modified by conventional...
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Water‐soluble polyelectrolyte nanocapsules can be synthesized by vesicular or emulsion polymerization via core–shell latexes. These particles show a reversible pH‐ and ionic strength‐dependent swelling transition causing a considerable increase (decrease) of their radius. During this transition gated pores are opened (closed) in the spherical polymer shells, which enable free molecular exchange between the interior of the hollow sphere and the bulk medium. This pH‐switchable control of the permeability...
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How can enzymes be protected against denaturation and proteolysis while keeping them in a fully functional state? One solution is to encapsulate the enzymes into liposomes, which enhances their stability against denaturation and proteases. However, the permeability barrier of the lipid membrane drastically reduces the activity of enzyme entrapped in the liposome by reducing the internal concentration of the substrate. To overcome this problem, we permeabilized the wall of the liposome by reconstitution...
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Self-assembly of an amphiphilic triblock copolymer carrying polymerizable end-groups is used to prepare nanometer-sized vesicular structures in aqueous solution. The triblock copolymer shells of the vesicles can be regarded as a mimetic of biological membranes although they are 2 to 3 times thicker than a conventional lipid bilayer. Nevertheless, they can serve as a matrix for membrane-spanning proteins. Surprisingly, the proteins remain functional despite the extreme thickness of the membranes and...
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Value-based decisions often involve comparisons between benefits and costs that must be retrieved from memory. To investigate the development of value-based decisions, 9- to 10-year olds (N = 30), 11- to 12-year olds (N = 30), and young adults (N = 30) first learned to associate gain and loss magnitudes with symbols. In a subsequent decision task, participants rapidly evaluated objects that consisted of combinations of these symbols. All age groups achieved high decision performance and were sensitive...
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The high prevalence of underpowered empirical studies has been identified as a centerpiece of the current crisis in psychological research. Accordingly, the need for proper analyses of statistical power and sample size determination before data collection has been emphasized repeatedly. In this commentary, we argue that—contrary to the opinions expressed in this special issue’s target article—cognitive modeling research will similarly depend on the implementation of power analyses and the use of...
14h
Organizations often state that they value diversity. The workforce, however, is often quite homogeneous, reflecting a striking mismatch between aspirations and reality. Based on the distinction between desirability and feasibility concerns, we provide a psychological argument for this mismatch. We hypothesize that social distance influences individuals' choices regarding diversity. When being socially more distant, individuals prefer to assemble a diverse team, due to a stronger impact of pro-diversity...
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Methods to reliably estimate the accuracy of 3D models of proteins are both a fundamental part of most protein folding pipelines and important for reliable identification of the best models when multiple pipelines are used. Here, we describe the progress made from CASP12 to CASP13 in the field of estimation of model accuracy (EMA) as seen from the progress of the most successful methods in CASP13. We show small but clear progress, that is, several methods perform better than the best methods from...
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To investigate incidences, cumulative incidence rates, and risk factors of diagnosed mental disorders in a complete nationwide birth cohort across the entire period of childhood and adolescence.; Based on nationwide Danish registries, the entire cohort of all children born in 1995 was followed up to December 31, 2013. Data for children who migrated during the period were censored in the time analyses, and death before age 18 years was considered a competing risk. Incidence rates and cumulative incidence...
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Sulfur is an essential element for all living organisms. In a large variety of relevant compounds like amino acids, cofactors and other natural products carbon-sulfur bonds are found. The understanding of the mechanistic details of carbon sulfur bond formation catalyzed by enzymes is from particular interest. The gained knowledge can be used for the discovery of new biosynthetic pathways of sulfur containing natural products as well as for the design of artificial enzymes able to perform carbon-sulfur...
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‘Bottom-up’ fabricated nano-resonators have emerged as particularly promising mechanical transducers, over the last decade. In fact, the exceptional force sensitivity exhibited by such nearly defect-free structures, is ensured by their small motional mass, low dissipation and high resonant frequency. In this dissertation, we aim to explore the potential of as-grown nanowires (NWs) as scanning force sensors. Their singly clamped structure makes them suitable to scan over a sample in the pendulum geometry,...
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Over the past decades, reasonable progress has been made in the understanding of breast cancer biology and the treatment of the primary tumour. However, the molecular contribution of multiple cancer cell clones on the various steps of tumour progression is still poorly understood. Aside from that, standard of care treatments, like the chemotherapeutic reagents cyclophosphamide and docetaxel, are rarely able to cure breast cancer patients and the overall survival rates for metastatic disease remain...
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