Triage plays a crucial role in the emergency department (ED) management of mass casualty incidents (MCIs) when resources are limited. This study aimed to compare the performance of simple triage and rapid trea...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 02:00
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By Marion Burgess After years of preparation, the International Year of Sound 2020 (IYS 2020) was formally launched on January 31, 2020, at the Grand Amphithéâtre of Sorbonne University in Paris, France. The IYS 2020 is an initiative of the International Commission for Acoustics (ICA) with the mission to highlight the importance of sound in all aspects of life on earth. It aims to enhance people’s understanding of sound-related issues at the international level. Sound is an integral part of culture...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 16:39
Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.
Wed Mar 11, 2020 09:00
Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.
Tue Mar 10, 2020 09:00
Abstract Introduction Although otolaryngology became a subspecialty only since the middle of the nineteenth century, many diseases of ENT system, their clinical symptoms, universality and potential seriousness have been described since over 3000 years ago. Texts of the medical school of Cos and its founder Hippocrates (460–370 BC) collected in the Corpus Hippocraticum also contain multiple case reports and treatments for ear diseases....
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Abstract Purpose Snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) exhibit multifactorial aetiologies; mouth breathing increases airway obstruction and upper respiratory tract resistance. Of the many published studies, few have evaluated sleeping subjects. We explored how mouth breathing affected the upper respiratory tract anatomy and OSA during sleep. Methods ...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 02:00
Abstract Purpose Since the beginning of cochlear implant (CI) surgery, several techniques to fixate the electrode array at the cochleostomy and stabilize it have been described; however, most techniques use autologous tissues such as fascia, muscle, fat or fibrin glue. We describe a new surgical technique aimed to stabilize the electrode array of a CI without using autologous tissues or artificial materials. ...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 02:00
Abstract Purpose Addition of CDK4/6 inhibitors to a variety of established treatments in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) has the potential to improve responses to other therapies and may help overcome treatment resistance. The SCCHN is a heterogeneous group of cancers of the oral cavity, the pharynx and the larynx with poor prognosis despite the aggressive multimodal therapies. In the past decade, significant advances...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 02:00
Soft Robotics, Ahead of Print.
Tue Mar 10, 2020 09:00
Soft Robotics, Ahead of Print.
Tue Mar 10, 2020 09:00
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Tissue Engineering Part A, Ahead of Print.
Tue Mar 10, 2020 09:00
Surgical Infections, Ahead of Print.
Wed Mar 11, 2020 09:00
Journal of Neurotrauma, Ahead of Print.
Tue Mar 10, 2020 09:00
Abstract Purpose Sleep surgery and mandibular advancement devices (MAD) are treatments for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but their comparative efficacy remains unclear. We compared their efficacy using various parameters. Methods Subjects treated for OSA with sleep surgery or MAD (n = 30/group)—matched for sex, body mass index (BMI), and baseline...
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Abstract Purpose In patients with positional obstructive sleep apnea (POSA), oral appliance therapy (OAT) is among the first-line treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a new standardized stepwise titration protocol for OAT in a group of patients with POSA. Methods This was an observational intervention trial. Patients who...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 02:00
British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 12 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0770-5Tumour-agnostic drugs in paediatric cancers
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British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 12 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0774-1Two first-in-human studies of xentuzumab, a humanised insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-neutralising antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumours
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Drought stress is an important crop yield limiting factor worldwide. Plant physiological responses to drought stress are driven by changes in gene expression. While drought-responsive genes (DRGs) have been identified in maize, regulation patterns of gene expression during progressive water deficits remain to be elucidated. In this study, we generated time-series transcriptomic data from the maize inbred line B73 under well-watered and drought conditions. Comparisons between the two conditions identified...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 23:43
The transcription factor SKN-1, the C. elegans orthologue of mammalian Nrf protein, is a well-known longevity factor, and its activation is observed in several long-lived models. SKN-1 also plays essential roles in xenobiotic and oxidative stress responses. Here, we report deleterious functions of SKN-1 in somatic stress resistance that may impair lifespan. Constitutive SKN-1 activation impairs animal resistance to several stresses, including heat, ER stress and mitochondrial stress, which result...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 23:43
Meadow brown butterflies (Maniola jurtina) on the Isles of Scilly represent an ideal model in which to dissect the links between genotype, phenotype and long-term patterns of selection in the wild - a largely unfulfilled but fundamental aim of modern biology. To meet this aim, a clear description of genotype is required. Here we present the draft genome sequence of M. jurtina to serve as a founding genetic resource for this species. Seven libraries were constructed using pooled DNA from five wild...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 23:43
Aging is accompanied by a progressive decline in immune function termed "immunosenescence". Deficient surveillance coupled with the impaired function of immune cells compromises host defense in older animals. The dynamic activity of regulatory modules that control immunity appears to underlie age-dependent modifications to the immune system. In the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans levels of the PMK-1 p38 MAP kinase diminish over time, reducing the expression of immune effectors that clear bacterial...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 23:43
The CORL family of CNS-specific proteins share a Smad-binding region with mammalian SnoN and c-Ski protooncogenes. In this family Drosophila CORL has two mouse and two human relatives. Roles for the mouse and human CORL proteins are largely unknown. Based on genome-wide association studies linking the human CORL proteins Fussel15 and Fussel18 with ataxia, we tested the hypothesis that dCORL mutations will cause adult movement disorders. For our initial tests, we conducted side by side studies of...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 23:43
Purpose: The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in cancer development and progression and is involved in resistance to chemo- and immunotherapy. Cancer-associated fibroblast expressing fibroblast activating protein α (FAPα) is one of the predominant stroma cell types and are involved in resistance to immunotherapy. Experimental Design: We generated OMTX705, a novel antibody-drug conjugate from a humanized anti-FAP antibody linked to a new cytolysin. Here we studied its antineoplastic activity...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 16:58
PURPOSE: Malignant progression exhibits a tightly orchestrated balance between immune effector response and tolerance. However, underlying molecular principles that drive the establishment and maintenance of the tumor immune phenotype remain to be elucidated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We trained a novel molecular classifier based on immune cell subsets related to PD-L1 and IFN-g expression, which revealed distinct subgroups with higher (cluster A) or lower cytotoxic immune phenotypes (sub-cluster B3)....
Wed Mar 11, 2020 16:58
Abstract An abnormal collection of air in the thorax is one of the most common life-threatening events that occurs in the intensive care unit. Patient management differs depending on the location of the air collection; therefore, detecting abnormal air collection and identifying its exact location on supine chest radiographs is essential for early treatment and positive patient outcomes. Thoracic abnormal air collects in multiple thoracic spaces, including the pleural cavity,...
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While gene or genome duplications have provided raw genetic materials for evolutionary innovations, these events have also generated massive duplicate genes, resulting in a tremendous increase to the genetic robustness of organism. Duplicate compensation indicate functional redundancies generated by gene duplications, which are widespread in all known genomes. However, the fitness trade-offs of their mutational compensation (genetic robustness) and their role in evolutionary innovation remains largely...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 02:00
Analyses of Y chromosome variations of extant people have resulted in two models for the paternal phylogenetic tree of modern humans with roots either in Africa or East Asia. These two trees are differentiated mainly by when and where their mega-haplogroups branched apart. This paper examines previously published Y chromosome sequencing data of 17 ancient samples to compare these two competing models. As ancient samples have had less time to evolve, they are expected to have mutated in some, but...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 02:00
Emergence of new viral diseases is linked to mutation or recombination events. The likelihood of cross-species transmission is related to phenotypic plasticity of a virus and its capacity to produce genetically variable progeny. Herein a model is described connecting the production of genetic variability with increasing genome size. Comparing all known zoonotic viral genome sizes to known non-zoonotic viral genome sizes demonstrates that zoonotic viruses have significantly larger genomes. These results...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 02:00
When a dispensable gene is duplicated (ancestral dispensability), genetic buffering and duplicate compensation together maintain the gene dispensability, whereas duplicate compensation is the only mechanism when an essential gene is duplicated (ancestral essentiality). To explore the distinct pattern of genetic robustness between these evolutionary scenarios, we formulated a probabilistic model with some biologically reasonable assumptions for analyzing a set of duplicate pairs with three possible...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 02:00
Extinction has increased as human activities impact ecosystems. Conservation assessments for the IUCN red list are a fundamental tool in aiding the prevention of further extinction, yet, relatively few species have been thoroughly assessed. To increase the efficiency of assessments, novel approaches are needed to highlight threatened species that are currently data deficient. Many Madagascan plant species currently have extremely narrow ranges, but this may not have always been the case. To assess...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 02:00
Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, Central China and rapidly spread throughout China. Up to March 3, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 89,000 people in China and other 66 countries across six continents. In this study, we used 10 new sequenced genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and combined 136 genomes from GISAID database to investigate the genetic variation and population demography through different analysis approaches (e.g. Network, EBSP, Mismatch, and neutrality...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 02:00
Organisms continuously modify their living conditions via extended genetic effects on their environment, microbiome, and in some species culture. These effects can impact the fitness of current but also future conspecifics due to non-genetic ecological inheritance. As previously established, biased ecological inheritance towards offspring or spatial structure are relevant to the evolution of extended genetic effects as each leads to kin selection. However the combined effects of these two factors...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 02:00
Hybrid zones provide a window into the evolutionary processes governing species divergence. While the role of postzygotic isolation has been extensively characterized, the contribution of prezygotic isolation is less well explored. In particular, the effect of mate choice mediated by preference learning such as self-recognition or imprinting remains largely elusive. Here, we present model-based simulations investigating the influence of the mode of trait-based preference learning, the genetic architecture...
Wed Mar 11, 2020 02:00
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