Nature Communications, Published online: 10 July 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17128-1PiggyBac is a transposon used in genome engineering that does not leave excision footprints. Here the authors determine the structures of two complexes in which the piggyBac transposase is bound to DNA representing different steps of the transposition reaction, providing a basis for how the transposition reaction proceeds.
Fri Jul 10, 2020 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 10 July 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17279-1Genes that modulate the cytoskeleton have been associated with increased cell proliferation and migration. Here, the authors show that AVIL, an actin regulatory protein, is overexpressed in glioblastomas and mediates oncogenic effects through regulation of FOXM1 stability and LIN28B expression.
Fri Jul 10, 2020 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 10 July 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17187-4Many Zintl ions with a single endohedrally encapsulated transition metal ion are known, but relatively few where clusters of two or more metals are present. Here, the authors report the synthesis and characterization of two clusters, [Au8Pb33]6− and [Au12Pb44]12−, which contain Au8 and Au12 cores surrounded by Pb shells.
Fri Jul 10, 2020 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 10 July 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17328-9The nanoscale organisation of the brain extracellular space can be studied in vivo. Here, the authors investigate how it changes in response to α-synuclein pathology, and identify interactions between microglia and the extracellular matrix.
Fri Jul 10, 2020 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 10 July 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17161-03D liver organoids hold great promise for regenerative medicine but the use of ill-defined matrices limits their potential. Here, the authors generate human and mouse liver organoids using a chemically defined matrix, and reveal a link between matrix stiffness and organoid growth that does not require acto-myosin contraction.
Fri Jul 10, 2020 03:00
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Fri Jul 10, 2020 03:00
Abstract Rationale Menthol is a widely used tobacco constituent that has shown to enhance nicotine’s reinforcing effects. Objective To determine whether injected menthol also alters nicotine’s stimulus effects, we used a drug discrimination task. Methods ...
Fri Jul 10, 2020 13:39
Abstract Rationale Agonists of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) have been shown to block the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, but with negative side effects. The antipruritic drug nalfurafine, approved in Japan in 2009, is a potent, selective KOR agonist that does not cause significant side effects in humans. Nalfurafine has not been extensively tested for its effect on drug reward and reinforcement in preclinical models. ...
Fri Jul 10, 2020 13:39
Abstract Rationale Proinflammatory processes have been implicated in alcohol addiction, craving, and relapse, while studies in experimental animals have suggested that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) inhibits proinflammatory signaling. Accordingly, it is hypothesized that medications with PPARγ activity may have therapeutic potential in alcohol dependence. ...
Fri Jul 10, 2020 13:39
Abstract Background Although glutamate transmission via astrocytes has been proposed to contribute to the pathophysiology of depression, the precise mechanisms are unknown. Herein, we investigated the levels of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and glutamine synthetase (GS) of astrocytes in learned helplessness (LH) rats (an animal model of depression) and non-LH rats (an animal model of resilience). ...
Fri Jul 10, 2020 13:39
Abstract Rationale Major depression is a serious, but common, psychological disorder, which consists of a long-lasting depressive mood, feelings of helplessness, anhedonia, and sleep disturbances. It has been reported that rats with bilateral olfactory bulbectomies (OBXs) exhibit depressive-like behaviors which indicates that the olfactory bulb (OB) plays an important role in the formation of depression. However, which type of OB...
Fri Jul 10, 2020 13:39
Abstract Rationale Second-generation antipsychotics are the first-line medications prescribed for schizophrenic patients; however, some of them, such as olanzapine and risperidone, may induce metabolic dysfunctions during short-term treatment. Metformin is an effective adjuvant that attenuates antipsychotic-induced metabolic dysfunctions (AIMD) in clinical practice. Whether metformin can reverse AIMD and whether metformin affects...
Fri Jul 10, 2020 13:39
Abstract Rationale Reward-related impairments are common in major depressive disorder (MDD) and may contribute to the loss of interest in pleasurable activities. A novel approach to studying reward-related decision-making are effort-based tasks; however, direct comparisons between delayed-onset and rapid-acting antidepressants (ADs) have not yet been carried out. ...
Fri Jul 10, 2020 13:39
Abstract Objective To deliver a systematic review of the literature synthesizing data on the association of occupational physical activity with lung cancer risk in observational studies. Design Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data Source A literature search...
Fri Jul 10, 2020 03:00
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2020Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyAuthor(s): David M. Fleischer, Wayne G. Shreffler, Dianne E. Campbell, Todd D. Green, Sara Anvari, Amal Assa’ad, Philippe Bégin, Kirsten Beyer, J. Andrew Bird, Terri Brown-Whitehorn, Aideen Byrne, Edmond S. Chan, Amarjit Cheema, Sharon Chinthrajah, Hey Chong, Carla M. Davis, Lara S. Ford, Rémi Gagnon, Matthew Greenhawt, Jonathan O’B Hourihane
Fri Jul 10, 2020 13:32
Publication date: Available online 9 July 2020Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Elahe Ranaei, Saeed Torshizi, Abdollah Amini, Mohammad Hassan Heidari, Zahra Namvarpour, Fatemeh Fadaei Fathabady, Ali-Akbar Salari
Fri Jul 10, 2020 13:26
Publication date: Available online 9 July 2020Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Ozge Gunduz-Cinar, Emma T. Brockway, Laura I. Castillo, Gabrielle A. Pollack, Tugce Erguven, Andrew Holmes
Fri Jul 10, 2020 13:26
Publication date: Available online 9 July 2020Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Tomohisa Mori, Naoki Uzawa, Daiki Masukawa, Shigeto Hirayama, Yoshiyuki Iwase, Mayuna Hokazono, Yuya Udagawa, Tsutomu Suzuki
Fri Jul 10, 2020 13:26
Publication date: Available online 9 July 2020Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Hongen Wei, Min Wang, Na Lv, Hua Yang, Min Zhao, Bo Huang, Rongshan Li
Fri Jul 10, 2020 13:26
No abstract available
Wed Jul 08, 2020 03:00
It is becoming increasingly important to obtain detailed diagnostic information on small-volume tissue biopsies, such as core needle biopsies. This is particularly crucial in the workup and diagnosis of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) and other morphologically similar lymphomas such as T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBL), where small-volume lymph node biopsies often represent the frontline tissue source, and the differential diagnosis includes a reactive process. Immunohistochemical...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 03:00
Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy, reliability, and cerebral microbleed (CMB) detection performance of 2-minute quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) from 3-dimensional echo-planar imaging (3D-EPI). Materials and Methods Gadolinium phantom study was conducted using 3D-EPI, single–echo time (TE), and multi-TE gradient-recalled echo (GRE) sequences on two 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) scanners to assess the accuracy between measured and theoretical susceptibility...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 03:00
Objectives Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is now broadly used clinically for liver lesion detection and characterization. Obstacles to the efforts to quantify perfusion with CEUS have been the lack of a standardized approach and undocumented reproducibility. The use of multiple scanners and different analysis software packages compounds the degree of variability. Our objectives were to standardize a CEUS-based approach for quantification of perfusion-related parameters of liver lesions...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 03:00
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate a contrast media (CM)–saline mixture administration with DualFlow (DF) to adapt injection protocols to low-kilovolt (kV) computed tomography angiography (CTA). Materials and Methods In both a circulation phantom and animal model (5 Goettingen minipigs), 3 injection protocols were compared in dynamic thoracic CTA: (a) DF injection protocol at 80 kV with a iodine delivery rate (IDR) of 0.9 gI/s, a flowrate of 5 mL/s injected with a 60%/40%...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 03:00
Objectives T2 mapping of the intervertebral disc (IVD) can depict quantitative changes reflecting biochemical change due to loss of glycosaminoglycan content. Conventional T2 mapping is usually performed using a 2-dimensional multi-echo-spin echo sequence (2D-MESE) with long acquisition times that are generally not compatible with clinical routine. This study investigates the applicability of GRAPPATINI, a T2 mapping sequence combining undersampling, model-based reconstruction, and parallel...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose To assess the accuracy of template‐guided implant surgery for edentulous arches. Materials and Methods The stone master casts of 25 edentulous arches treated with either 4 or 6 implants with CBCT generated template‐guided surgery were included in this observational cohort study. The stone casts generated from the surgical templates (group one) prior to implant placement were digitized into Standard Tesselation (STL) files with a reference scanner. For comparison, the stone...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 21:24
Abstract Background Body fluids are rich in histiocytes and may mimic atypical epithelial cells morphologically. Histiocytes can pose a significant challenge in serous fluid cytology as they tend to appear atypical due to prolonged accumulation in serous fluids in vivo and processing by liquid‐based cytology in vitro. Not many studies have documented the utilization of histiocytic marker such as CD68 in serous fluid cytology, which can subsequently reduce the “atypical” diagnostic category....
Thu Jul 09, 2020 15:49
Abstract Non-congenital viral infections of the central nervous system in children can represent a severe clinical condition that needs a prompt diagnosis and management. However, the aetiological diagnosis can be challenging because symptoms are often nonspecific and cerebrospinal fluid analysis is not always diagnostic. In this context, neuroimaging represents a helpful tool, even though radiologic patterns sometimes overlap. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to suggest...
Fri Jul 10, 2020 03:00
The Editors have retracted this article [1] as is it is not clear whether parental consent was provided for publication of the images and case. Given the age of the article we have been unable to verify this, therefore the article is no longer available online in order to protect the privacy of the individual. Both authors agree to this retraction.
Fri Jul 10, 2020 03:00
Objective The objective of this study was to assess the initial results of chest computed tomography (CT) standardized diagnostic criteria proposed by the Radiological Society of North America in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared with reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Methods Seventy-one patients who underwent RT-PCR test for COVID-19 and chest CT within an interval of 4 days or less were included. Seventy-five CTs were reviewed and classified as typical,...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Along with the rest of the world, the United States is inundated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The medical services in the country have been severely affected. The pandemic poses extraordinary challenges to academic institutions including radiology residency and fellowship programs. Herein, we delineate major difficulties faced by our radiology training program and mitigating countermeasures. The primary objective is to discuss the changes in our radiology training programs due to COVID-19 to allow for...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the image quality of monoenergetic images (MEIs (+)) acquired from dual-energy computed tomography with low-concentration and low-flow-rate contrast media for the arterial supply to the nipple-areola complex (NAC) in breast cancer compared with conventional computed tomography angiography (CTA). Methods We enrolled 25 patients (MEI (+)300 group, 300 mg/mL and 2.5 mL/s of contrast media) and 23 patients (CTA370 group, 370 mg/mL and 3.5...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) features of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC) of paranasal sinuses. Materials and Methods Computed tomography (n = 8) and MR (n = 14) images and clinical findings from 14 patients with SNEC of paranasal sinuses were retrospectively reviewed. Results Eight lesions were located in the ethmoidal sinus, 4 in the maxillary sinus, and 2 in the sphenoid sinus. Small...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Objective The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between dual-energy computed tomography quantitative parameters and hemodynamics in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Methods Dual-energy computed tomography of 52 chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients were evaluated retrospectively. The mean lung perfused blood volume (lung PBV) and the mean pulmonary artery (PA) enhancement measured at pulmonary parenchymal phase were compared...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
This article will familiarize the reader with useful tools and trouble-shooting tips for web-based conferencing. Radiology-based scenarios for web conferencing are also provided. Correspondence to: Tara M. Catanzano, MD, 759 Chestnut St, Springfield, MA 01199 (e-mail: Tara.catanzano@bhs.org). Disclosure: No funding was received for this work. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Background and Objectives Temperature‐controlled radiofrequency inferior turbinate ablation (TCRFA) uses a feedback system to control thermal injury and achieve precise volumetric heating to induce specific scar formation. However, it requires costly single‐use proprietary consumables. Comparable volumetric tissue heating may be achieved for a fraction of the cost by adjusting the power settings on traditional monopolar electrosurgery devices that use low‐cost needle tips. This pre‐clinical study...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 15:49
Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2020. Cleavage factor I m25 is a newly discovered solid tumor-related gene, however, its precise role in cancer pathogenesis has not yet been characterized. Alternative polyadenylation is an RNA-processing mechanism that generates distinct 3′-termini on messenger RNAs, producing messenger RNA isoforms. Different factors influence the initiation and development of this process. As a key factor in alternative polyadenylation,...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 12:56
The inflammatory skin condition atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing disease characterized by epidermal-barrier disruption, T-cell activation, and imbalance of the skin microbiome. The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is primarily driven by type 2 helper T (Th2) lymphocytes, with considerable…
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Among older Americans, falls are the leading cause of injury-related deaths. Approximately one in four older adults falls each year, and 20 to 30% of those who fall have moderate-to-severe injuries, resulting in approximately 30,000 deaths, 3 million emergency department visits, and 800,000…
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
To many physicians who see patients with illnesses that are strongly influenced by social circumstances, socially oriented interventions make sense. The ideas behind such interventions are not new — community-oriented primary care in the United States has always had a strong focus on social rather…
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Degenerative cervical spondylosis is a chronic, progressive deterioration of osseocartilaginous components of the cervical spine that is most often related to aging. Radiographic evidence of degeneration of the cervical spine occurs in virtually all persons as they age; however, not all persons…
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
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