Κυριακή 5 Απριλίου 2020


Tobacco Sales Prohibition and Teen Smoking
We evaluate one of the most prevalent prohibitory policies: banning the sales of tobacco to teens. We exploit the staggered introduction of sales bans across Switzerland and the European Union from 1990 to 2016. The estimates indicate a less than 1 percentage point reduction in teen smoking because of the bans. The reduction is substantially lower than the 5 percentage point reduction expected by health officials. We examine additional outcomes relevant to assessing any prohibitory policy. We find...
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2d
Der Lehrplan verändert sich stark
Die Digitalisierung durchdringt die Universität. WWZ-Dekan Rolf Weder nimmt Stellunganlässlich des 30. Geburtstags des Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Zentrums der Uni Basel.
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2d
The Short-Run Impact of SNB Sight Deposits on Exchange Rates: Results from Weekly Data 2015 - 2018
This paper provides an econometric analysis of the short-run impact of SNB sight deposits mainly created by intervention on the Swiss franc exchange rate covering the period January 2015 to June 2018 using weekly data. Our model includes both the exchange rate of the Swiss franc against euro and dollar and uses the plausible assumption that foreign interest rates and the euro-dollar exchange rate are exogenous. Besides sight, deposits we include interest rate differentials for 2- and 10-year government...
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2d
Estimating the Green Potential of Occupations: A New Approach Applied to the U.S. Labor Market
This paper presents a new approach to estimate the green potential of occupations. Using data from O*NET on the skills that workers possess and the tasks they carry out, we train several machine learning algorithms to predict the green potential of U.S. occupations classified according to the 6-digit Standard Occupational Classication. Our methodology allows existing discrete classications of occupations to be extended to a continuum of classes. This improves the analysis of heterogeneous occupations...
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2d
Background Free-Tropospheric Ice Nucleating Particle Concentrations at Mixed-Phase Cloud Conditions
Clouds containing ice are vital for precipitation formation and are important in determining the Earth's radiative budget. However, primary formation of ice in clouds is not fully understood. In the presence of ice nucleating particles (INPs), the phase change to ice is promoted, but identification and quantification of INPs in a natural environment remains challenging because of their low numbers. In this paper, we quantify INP number concentrations in the free troposphere (FT) as measured at the...
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2d
Identification of topographic features influencing aerosol observations at high altitude stations
High altitude stations are often emphasized as free tropospheric measuring sites but they remain influenced by atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) air masses due to convective transport processes. The local and meso-scale topographical features around the station are involved in the convective boundary layer development and in the formation of thermally induced winds leading to ABL air lifting. The station altitude alone is not a sufficient parameter to characterize the ABL influence. In this study,...
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2d
The Short-Run Impact of Interest Rates on Exchange Rates: Results for the Swiss franc Against the Euro and US Dollar from Daily Data 2001-2011
This paper provides an econometric analysis of the short-run impact of interest rates on the Swiss franc exchange rate covering the period January 2001 to June 2011 using daily data. Our model includes both the exchange rate of the Swiss franc against euro and dollar and uses the plausible assumption that foreign interest rates and the euro-dollar exchange rate are exogenous. In addition, we consider not only money market interest differentials, but also those for 2 and 10 year governments bonds....
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2d
Impact of Air Mass Conditions and Aerosol Properties on Ice Nucleating Particle Concentrations at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch
Ice nucleation is the source of primary ice crystals in mixed-phase clouds. Only a small fraction of aerosols called ice nucleating particles (INPs) catalyze ice formation, with their nature and origin remaining unclear. In this study, we investigate potential predictor parameters of meteorological conditions and aerosol properties for INP concentrations at mixed-phase cloud condition at 242 K. Measurements were conducted at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch (Switzerland, 3580 m a.s.l.),...
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2d
Long-term cloud condensation nuclei number concentration, particle number size distribution and chemical composition measurements at regionally representative observatories
Aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI) constitute the single largest uncertainty in anthropogenic radiative forcing. To reduce the uncertainties and gain more confidence in the simulation of ACI, models need to be evaluated against observations, in particular against measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Here we present a data set - ready to be used for model validation - of long-term observations of CCN number concentrations, particle number size distributions and chemical composition from...
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2d
A European aerosol phenomenology-6: scattering properties of atmospheric aerosol particles from 28 ACTRIS sites
This paper presents the light-scattering properties of atmospheric aerosol particles measured over the past decade at 28 ACTRIS observatories, which are located mainly in Europe. The data include particle light scattering (sigma(sp)) and hemispheric backscattering (sigma(bsp)) coefficients, scattering Angstrom exponent (SAE), backscatter fraction (BF) and asymmetry parameter (g). An increasing gradient of sigma(sp) is observed when moving from remote environments (arctic/mountain) to regional and...
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2d
The fair-minded rich and healthy? (Youth) unemployment, inequality and fairness concerns in preferences for redistribution
Do rising inequality and youth unemployment aect preferences for redistribution? Using country-level European survey data from 2002 to 2015, I show that changes in market inequality and the rise of (youth) unemployment increase preferences for redistribution. The ndings are supported by the respondents' fairness concerns. Estimated effects exhibit substantial heterogeneity. There is systematic variation among fairness concerns with respect to income and health, which are triggered by market income...
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2d
A dynamical model for invasive round goby populations reveals efficient and effective management options
1. When prevention of invasive species' introductions fails, society faces the challenge to manage invasive species in an effective and efficient way. The success of this depends on biological aspects and on cooperation between decision makers and scientists. Using the case of the round goby Neogobius melanostomus, one of Europe's "worst invasive species", we propose an approach guiding scientists to co-produce effective and efficient population control measures in collaboration with decision makers.2....
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2d
Copeptin in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus
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2d
A cost-effectiveness analysis of consolidative local therapy in oligometastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Novel systemic therapies have improved the prognosis of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but costs of some of these drugs are a matter of ongoing debate. More recently, local therapies (LT) such as radiotherapy and surgery have been suggested as additional treatment in oligometastatic NSCLC demonstrating an improved progression-free survival (PFS) in a phase II trial compared to maintenance chemotherapy (MC) alone. The aim of this analysis was to assess the cost-effectiveness of local...
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2d
Cost-effectiveness of everolimus-eluting versus bare-metal stents in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: An analysis from the EXAMINATION randomized controlled trial
Use of everolimus-eluting stents (EES) has proven to be clinically effective and safe in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction but it remains unclear whether it is cost-effective compared to bare-metal stents (BMS) in the long-term. We sought to assess the cost-effectiveness of EES versus BMS based on the 5-year results of the EXAMINATION trial, from a Spanish health service perspective.; Decision analysis of the use of EES versus BMS was based on the patient-level clinical outcome...
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2d
Glucocorticoids and the Risk of Peptic Ulcer Bleeding: Case-Control Analysis Based on Swiss Claims Data
Controversy exists as to whether glucocorticoids (GC) are ulcerogenic per se and may thus cause peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB) independent of concomitantly prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).; To investigate the association between GC use and PUB with or without co-medication with NSAIDs.; We conducted a case-control study using administrative claims data from the Swiss health insurance company Helsana. We identified 1191 cases with incident PUB between 2012 and 2016 and matched...
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2d
Cost-effectiveness of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer in a European country with high prevalence of smoking-A modelling study
In Europe, there is uncertainty about the potential effects and cost-effectiveness of low dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer and about the applicability of results of North American studies. We aimed to estimate the effects and cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening in a population-based setting in Switzerland where the smoking prevalence is high.; The MIcrosimulation Screening ANalysis-Lung (MISCAN) model was adapted using country specific input parameters regarding lung cancer...
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2d
How much does the treatment of each major disease cost? A decomposition of Swiss National Health Accounts
In most countries, surprisingly little is known on how national healthcare spending is distributed across diseases. Single-disease cost-of-illness studies cover only a few of the diseases affecting a population and in some cases lead to untenably large estimates. The objective of this study was to decompose healthcare spending in 2011, according to Swiss National Health Accounts, into 21 collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive major disease categories. Diseases were classified following the...
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2d
Variation of preoperative chest radiography utilization in Switzerland and its influencing factors: a multilevel study with claims data
Clinical recommendations discourage routine use of preoperative chest radiography (POCR). However, there remains much uncertainty about its utilization, especially variation across small areas. We aimed to assess the variation of POCR use across small regions, and to explore its influencing factors. Patients undergoing inpatient surgery during 2013 to 2015 were identified from insurance claims data. Possible influencing factors of POCR included socio-demographics, health insurance choices, and clinical...
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2d
Cost-effectiveness of nivolumab in the treatment of head and neck cancer
Until recently, no second-line treatment for recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer (r/mHNSCC) was able to improve overall survival (OS). Nivolumab has become a promising treatment for r/mHNSCC. The CheckMate-141 trial showed that nivolumab improves OS compared to investigator's choice (IC) (cetuximab, methotrexate, docetaxel). Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors is however expensive. The aim of this analysis was to assess the cost-effectiveness of nivolumab as second-line...
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2d
Observations of sesquiterpenes and their oxidation products in central Amazonia during the wet and dry seasons
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from the Amazon forest region represent the largest source of organic carbon emissions to the atmosphere globally. These BVOC emissions dominantly consist of volatile and intermediate-volatility terpenoid compounds that undergo chemical transformations in the atmosphere to form oxygenated condensable gases and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We collected quartz filter samples with 12 h time resolution and performed hourly in situ measurements with a semi-volatile...
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2d
Synthesis and characterisation of peroxypinic acids as proxies for highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) in secondary organic aerosol
Peroxy acids were recently found to be involved in new particle formation in the atmosphere and could also substantially contribute towards particle toxicity. However, a lack of suitable analytical methods for the detection and characterisation of peroxy acids in the particle phase is currently hindering the quantitative investigation of their contribution to these important atmospheric processes. Further development of appropriate techniques and relevant standards is therefore urgently needed. In...
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2d
1064 nm Dispersive Raman Microspectroscopy and Optical Trapping of Pharmaceutical Aerosols
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for investigating chemical composition. Coupling Raman spectroscopy with optical microscopy (Raman microspectroscopy) and optical trapping (Raman tweezers) allows microscopic length scales and, hence, femtolitre volumes to be probed. Raman microspectroscopy typically uses UV/visible excitation lasers, but many samples, including organic molecules and complex tissue samples, fluoresce strongly at these wavelengths. Here we report the development and application...
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2d
Measuring Aerosol Phase Changes and Hygroscopicity with a Microresonator Mass Sensor
The interaction between atmospheric aerosol particles and water vapor influences aerosol size, phase, and composition, parameters which critically influence their impacts in the atmosphere. Methods to accurately measure aerosol water uptake for a wide range of particle types are therefore merited. We present here a new method for characterizing aerosol hygroscopicity, an impaction stage containing a microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) microresonator. We find that deliquescence and efflorescence...
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2d
Prospects for reconstructing paleoenvironmental conditions from organic compounds in polar snow and ice
Polar ice cores provide information about past climate and environmental changes over periods ranging from a few years up to 800,000 years. The majority of chemical studies have focused on determining inorganic components, such as major ions and trace elements as well as on their isotopic fingerprint. In this paper, we review the different classes of organic compounds that might yield environmental information, discussing existing research and what is needed to improve knowledge. We also discuss...
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2d
A new processing scheme for ultra-high resolution direct infusion mass spectrometry data
High resolution, high accuracy mass spectrometry is widely used to characterise environmental or biological samples with highly complex composition enabling the identification of chemical composition of often unknown compounds. Despite instrumental advancements, the accurate molecular assignment of compounds acquired in high resolution mass spectra remains time consuming and requires automated algorithms, especially for samples covering a wide mass range and large numbers of compounds. A new processing...
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2d
A Simple Decision Analysis of a Mandatory Lockdown Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Latest Results for Applied Health Economics and Health Policy
11h
COVID-19 Pandemic, a War to be Won: Understanding its Economic Implications for Africa
Latest Results for Applied Health Economics and Health Policy
11h
Imaging and clinical correlates with regorafenib in metastatic colorectal cancer
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2020Source: Cancer Treatment ReviewsAuthor(s): Khurum Khan, Stefano Cascinu, David Cunningham, Sun-Young Kim, Eiji Oki, Tara Seery, Lin Shen, Salvatore Siena, Christophe Tournigand, Nazim Serdar Turhal, Alain Hendlisz
Cancer Treatment Reviews
12h
Splenic Artery Pseudoaneurysm
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2020Source: The Journal of Emergency MedicineAuthor(s): Christopher C. Musselwhite, Monica Mitta, Michael Sternberg
ScienceDirect Publication: The Journal of Emergency Medicine
12h
The Emergency Medicine Workforce: Shortage Resolving, Future Surplus Expected
Publication date: Available online 3 April 2020Source: The Journal of Emergency MedicineAuthor(s): Mark Reiter, Brady W. Allen
ScienceDirect Publication: The Journal of Emergency Medicine
1d
Hemophilia and von Willebrand Disease: A Review of Emergency Department Management
Publication date: Available online 2 April 2020Source: The Journal of Emergency MedicineAuthor(s): Collin Tebo, Colin Gibson, Maryann Mazer-Amirshahi
ScienceDirect Publication: The Journal of Emergency Medicine
2d
New Hope for Migratory Shorebirds
A report from Guatemala -- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
Scientific American Blog Posts
12h
The Architecture of Worlds
Our nearest star system slowly reveals itself -- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
Scientific American Blog Posts
13h
Want to Ease the Isolation of Social Distancing? Ask a Teenager
Their tech skills can help keep us stay close when we’re physically apart -- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
Scientific American Blog Posts
15h
Can India Contain the Pandemic?
Public health interventions can work in this poor and populous country—but only if the people are involved in designing and implementing them -- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
Scientific American Blog Posts
1d
Medical Students Can Give Vital Help in the COVID-19 Crisis
They’re not full-fledged physicians, but they’ve been learning important skills that can take the pressure off credentialed M.D.s -- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
Scientific American Blog Posts
1d
Why Social Media are Crucial for Frontline Physicians in the Fight Against COVID-19
The disease spreads so fast and is so poorly understood that doctors and researchers are sharing their findings on Twitter and Facebook, not medical journals -- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
Scientific American Blog Posts
2d
Meditating During the Plague
Is it ethical to seek serenity when the world is suffering? -- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
Scientific American Blog Posts
2d

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