The rapidly expanding network of roads into the Amazon is permanently altering the world’s largest tropical forest. Most proposed road projects lack rigorous impact assessments or even basic economic justification. This study analyzes the expected environmental, social and economic impacts of 75 road projects, totaling 12 thousand kilometers of planned...
12h
After decades of robust growth, the rise in US life expectancy stalled after 2010. Explanations for the stall have focused on rising drug-related deaths. Here we show that a stagnating decline in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality was the main culprit, outpacing and overshadowing the effects of all other causes of...
12h
Electronic phase separation in complex oxides is the inhomogeneous spatial distribution of electronic phases, involving length scales much larger than those of structural defects or nonuniform distribution of chemical dopants. While experimental efforts focused on phase separation and established its correlation with nonlinear responses under external stimuli, it remains controversial...
12h
“In the animal kingdom, the rule is, eat or be eaten” (ref. 1, p. 20). We will expand academic Thomas Szasz’s statement to include the fungi, because in the multifaceted interactions of fungi and nematodes, this is often a steadfast rule. Indeed, soil systems that appear inert or lifeless to...
12h
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins that mediate many responses of cells to external stimuli (1). The fundamental role of GPCRs in regulating human cellular processes makes them high-value targets for drugs (2). GPCRs are highly dynamic entities, and thus, determination of high-resolution structures of GPCRs in complex...
12h
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) comprises a spectrum of clinical syndromes associated with several underlying neurodegenerative diseases. The primary brain areas affected in patients with FTD are the frontal and temporal lobes. As such, FTD is also referred to as frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) (1). In patients younger than 65 y, FTLD...
12h
Theodosius Dobzhansky once famously noted that “nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.” Given their profound influence (1, 2), it may also be safe to wager that nothing in community ecology makes sense except in the light of area and heterogeneity. In PNAS, Ben-Hur and Kadmon...
12h
Fifty-five years after the passage of the Civil Rights Act in the United States preventing discrimination based on sex, gender equality in the workplace remains unattained. After rapid gains in the 1980s and 1990s, progress has slowed considerably and, by some measures, stalled, according to Paula England, chair of the...
12h
When fashion designers, retailers, and families attend Vancouver Kids Fashion Week, they expect to see models donning the latest in children’s fashion. But at an event last October, attendees saw scientists as well. Researchers from Michael Kobor’s lab at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, had set up...
12h
Honest reporting is essential for society to function well. However, people frequently lie when asked to provide information, such as misrepresenting their income to save money on taxes. A landmark finding published in PNAS [L. L. Shu, N. Mazar, F. Gino, D. Ariely, M. H. Bazerman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci....
12h
Instrumented indentation has been developed and widely utilized as one of the most versatile and practical means of extracting mechanical properties of materials. This method is particularly desirable for those applications where it is difficult to experimentally determine the mechanical properties using stress–strain data obtained from coupon specimens. Such applications...
12h
We examine change in multiple indicators of gender inequality for the period of 1970 to 2018. The percentage of women (age 25 to 54) who are employed rose continuously until ∼2000 when it reached its highest point to date of 75%; it was slightly lower at 73% in 2018. Women...
12h
We read the article “Virus–virus interactions impact the population dynamics of influenza and the common cold” by Nickbakhsh et al. (1) with great interest. The authors analyzed a large Scottish dataset consisting of virology results from patients with acute respiratory illnesses and used mathematical models to identify a negative interaction...
12h
Conservation of our cultural heritage is fundamental for conveying to future generations our culture, traditions, and ways of thinking and behaving. Cleaning art, in particular modern/contemporary paintings, with traditional tools could be risky and impractical, particularly on large collections of important works to be transferred to future generations. We report...
12h
We are pleased to see interest in our study in which we identify aspects of microarchitecture in cancellous bone that enhance the fatigue life of microstructures (1). Zadpoor (2) questions 1) the rationale for studying fatigue life in cancellous bone and 2) the originality of our finding. Zadpoor asks whether...
12h
How do people envision the future energy system in the United States with respect to using fossil fuels, renewable energy, and nuclear energy? Are there shared policy pathways of achieving a decarbonized energy system? Here, we present results of an online survey (n = 2,429) designed to understand public perceptions...
12h
Torres et al. (1) study the fatigue life of trabecular bone and use their observations for improving the design of microarchitected materials. Architected materials with enhanced fatigue life have received tremendous attention recently (2, 3) largely due to the maturation of additive manufacturing that enables the realization of complex geometries....
12h
Twin-chain hydrogels for cleaning artworks Pollock’s Eyes in the Heat before (Left) and after (Right) cleaning using the twin-chain hydrogel. Eyes in the Heat by Jackson Pollock, © Pollock-Krasner Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. Removing soil from painted surfaces is a major challenge in the preservation of art, partly...
12h
The prolonged and continuous monitoring of mechanoacoustic heart signals is essential for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. These bodily acoustics have low intensity and low frequency, and measuring them continuously for long periods requires ultrasensitive, lightweight, gas-permeable mechanoacoustic sensors. Here, we present an all-nanofiber mechanoacoustic sensor, which exhibits a...
12h
Temporal dynamics of urban warming have been extensively studied at the diurnal scale, but the impact of background climate on the observed seasonality of surface urban heat islands (SUHIs) remains largely unexplored. On seasonal time scales, the intensity of urban–rural surface temperature differences (ΔTs) exhibits distinctive hysteretic cycles whose shape...
12h
Solid facial edema (SFE) is a rare complication of acne vulgaris. To examine the clinical features of acne patients with solid facial edema, and to give an overview on the outcome of previous topical and systemic treatments in the cases so far published.; We report two cases from Switzerland, both young men with initially papulopustular acne resistant to topical retinoids.; Both cases responded to oral isotretinoin, in one case combined with oral steroids. Our cases show a strikingly similar clinical...
12h
Mutations in the fibroblast growth factor-receptor gene 2 (; FGFR2; ) gene have been implicated in numerous diseases, including nevus comedonicus (NC) and naevoid acne that have somatic missense mutations in; FGFR2; in the affected tissue. A patient presented in our department with unusual, innumerable large comedones throughout his back reminiscient of NC, as well as multifocal hidradenitis suppurativa and acne. Topical and systemic treatments were unsuccessful. Whole exome sequencing of blood-derived...
12h
The Swiss psoriasis registry SDNTT (Swiss Dermatology Network for Targeted Therapies) records the long-term safety and effectiveness of systemic treatment regimens for psoriasis.; Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis are included in the SDNTT when treatment with a conventional systemic agent or biologic is initiated that was not previously used by the respective patient. Patients are followed over a 5-year period. Clinical data are obtained every 3-6 months using standardized case report forms....
12h
Due to the increasingly widespread use and side effect profile of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs), cutaneous side effects of these drugs are frequently encountered. The EGFR is expressed on keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Inhibition of EGFR can produce a range of cutaneous adverse effects, the most frequent being a characteristic acneiform skin eruption. As the latter is associated with good anti-neoplastic responses, the onset of EGFRI-induced acneiform skin eruption is typically...
12h
The Southern Ocean regulates the ocean's biological sequestration of CO2 and is widely suspected to underpin much of the ice age decline in atmospheric CO2 concentration, but the specific changes in the region are debated. Although more complete drawdown of surface nutrients by phytoplankton during the ice ages is supported by some sediment core-based measurements, the use of different proxies in different regions has precluded a unified view of Southern Ocean biogeochemical change. Here, we report...
12h
Developmental signaling pathways often activate their own inhibitors. Such inhibitory feedback has been suggested to restrict the spatial and temporal extent of signaling or mitigate signaling fluctuations, but these models are difficult to rigorously test. Here, we determine whether the ability of the mesendoderm inducer Nodal to activate its inhibitor Lefty is required for development. We find that zebrafish; lefty; mutants exhibit excess Nodal signaling and increased specification of mesendoderm,...
15h
The stability of mRNAs is regulated by signals within their sequences, but a systematic and predictive understanding of the underlying sequence rules remains elusive. Here we introduce UTR-seq, a combination of massively parallel reporter assays and regression models, to survey the dynamics of tens of thousands of 3' UTR sequences during early zebrafish embryogenesis. UTR-seq revealed two temporal degradation programs: a maternally encoded early-onset program and a late-onset program that accelerated...
15h
Toddler/Apela/Elabela is a conserved secreted peptide that regulates mesendoderm development during zebrafish gastrulation. Two non-exclusive models have been proposed to explain Toddler function. The 'specification model' postulates that Toddler signaling enhances Nodal signaling to properly specify endoderm, whereas the 'migration model' posits that Toddler signaling regulates mesendodermal cell migration downstream of Nodal signaling. Here, we test key predictions of both models. We find that...
15h
15h
Nodal is considered the key inducer of mesendoderm in vertebrate embryos and embryonic stem cells. Other TGF-beta-related signals, such as Vg1/Dvr1/Gdf3, have also been implicated in this process but their roles have been unclear or controversial. Here we report that zebrafish embryos without maternally provided; vg1; fail to form endoderm and head and trunk mesoderm, and closely resemble; nodal; loss-of-function mutants. Although Nodal is processed and secreted without Vg1, it requires Vg1 for its...
15h
Within reflex circuits, specific anatomical projections allow central neurons to relay sensations to effectors that generate movements. A major challenge is to relate anatomical features of central neural populations, such as asymmetric connectivity, to the computations the populations perform. To address this problem, we mapped the anatomy, modeled the function, and discovered a new behavioral role for a genetically defined population of central vestibular neurons in rhombomeres 5-7 of larval zebrafish....
15h
Copy-number variants of chromosome 16 region 16p11.2 are linked to neuropsychiatric disorders and are among the most prevalent in autism spectrum disorders. Of many 16p11.2 genes, Kctd13 has been implicated as a major driver of neurodevelopmental phenotypes. The function of KCTD13 in the mammalian brain, however, remains unknown. Here we delete the Kctd13 gene in mice and demonstrate reduced synaptic transmission. Reduced synaptic transmission correlates with increased levels of Ras homolog gene...
15h
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