Organisms vary in their dispersal abilities, and these differences can have important biological consequences, such as impacting the likelihood of hybridization events. However, there is still much to learn about the factors influencing hybridization, and specifically how dispersal ability affects the opportunities for hybridization. Here, using the ecological replicate system of dove wing and body lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera), we show that species with higher dispersal abilities exhibited increased...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 03:00
Understanding the molecular features that made SARS-CoV-2 a highly infectious virus is crucial for the development of targeted therapies and an effective vaccine. Following the recent report of a furin-like cleavage site1, unique to SARS-CoV-2, we characterized several additional residues positioned within the crown of the S glycoprotein under positive/diversifying selection along the ancestral lineage of current pandemic strains. Residue V483 in near proximity to the ACE2 binding domain, which may...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 03:00
There are outstanding evolutionary questions on the recent emergence of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2/hCoV-19 in Hubei province that caused the COVID-19 pandemic, including (1) the relationship of the new virus to the SARS-related coronaviruses, (2) the role of bats as a reservoir species, (3) the potential role of other mammals in the emergence event, and (4) the role of recombination in viral emergence. Here, we address these questions and find that the sarbecoviruses -- the viral subgenus responsible...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 03:00
Resolution of relationships at lower taxonomic levels is crucial for answering many evolutionary questions, and as such, sufficiently varied species representation is vital. This latter goal is not always achievable with relatively fresh samples. To alleviate the difficulties in procuring rarer taxa, we have seen increasing utilization of historical specimens in building molecular phylogenies using high throughput sequencing. This effort, however, has mainly focused on large-bodied or well-studied...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 03:00
Obesity is a chronic and progressive disease that affects approximately 107.7 million children and adolescents worldwide and is associated with multiple coexisting conditions and complications. More than 70% of persons who have obesity before puberty will also have obesity as adults, which…
Tue Mar 31, 2020 03:00
Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN02568E, PaperRustin Mirsafavi, Martin Moskovits, Carl D MeinhartFentanyl and its analogs have been at the center of the opioid epidemic currently wreaking havoc in the United States. One major element in the opioid crisis is the growing...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
02:00
Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D0AN00567C, PaperBiyas Posha, N. SandhyaraniEndotoxins or Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are pathogens released from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria which produce toxic effects on human. The sensitive and selective detection of LPS is highly demanding,...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Tue Mar 31, 2020 02:00
Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN02514F, CommunicationHiroshi Miyazaki, Yoshio Hamada, Hikaru Takaishi, Yuuki Minamino, Hidefumi Ikeda, Hideaki Mekata, Masayuki Takaishi, Kunihiko Yamashita, Kenji UsuiWe developed an in vitro chromophore-solid phase peptide reaction assay (C-SPRA) using solid phase-immobilized peptides and chromophores. Peptide resins reacted with 14 representative chemicals to demonstrate the test’s capacity to...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 02:00
Tissue Engineering Part A, Ahead of Print.
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:00
Tissue Engineering Part A, Ahead of Print.
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:00
Guiding the lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) transport for homogeneous, dispersive distribution is crucial for dendrite‐free Li anodes with high current density and long‐term cyclability, but remains challenging for the unavailable well‐designed nanostructures. Herein, we propose a two‐dimensional (2D) heterostructure composed of defective graphene oxide (GO) clipped on mesoporous polypyrrole (mPPy) as a dual‐functional Li‐ion redistributor to regulate the stepwise Li‐ion distribution and Li deposition for extremely...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 17:30
Most ternary sulfides belonging to the M GaS 2 structure‐type have been known for many years and are well‐characterized. Surprisingly, there have been no reports of the NaGaS 2 composition, which contains Na, a monovalent cation slightly larger in size than Li, found in LiGaS 2 , a compound known for its non‐linear optical properties. Herein we demonstrate for the first time that the unique reversible water absorption in NaGaS 2 has resulted in its absence from the literature due to the...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 17:00
Cellular pep talk: Carrying a negative charge, the synthetic peptide MitoFlag(l‐D) forms complexes with the nuclear protein, H2B, and traffics H2B to mitochondria through enzyme‐instructed self‐assembly. This result provides a supramolecular approach for understanding and molecular insights into the inter‐organelle communication. Abstract Presently, little is known of how the inter‐organelle crosstalk impacts cancer cells owing to the lack of approaches that can manipulate inter‐organelle communication...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 22:00
Developing highly efficient and low cost photocatalyst for overall water splitting has long been a pursuit for conversing solar power to clean hydrogen energy. Herein, we demonstrate that nonstoichiometric nickel‐cobalt double hydroxide could implement overall water splitting by itself upon sunlight irradiation, avoiding the consumption of noble‐metal co‐catalyst. We employed an intensive laser to ablate a NiCo alloy target immersed in alkaline solution, and produced so‐called L‐NiCo nanosheets with...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 17:29
The fly agaric, Amanita muscaria , is widely known for its content of the psychoactive metabolites ibotenic acid and muscimol. However, their biosynthetic pathway and the respective enzymes are entirely unknown. 50 years ago, the biosynthesis was hypothesized to start with 3‐hydroxyglutamate. Here, we build on this hypothesis by the identification and recombinant production of a glutamate hydroxylase from A. muscaria . The hydroxylase gene is surrounded by six further biosynthetic genes, which...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 16:55
Dysprosiacarborane complexes based on the interaction between η5‐dicarbollide ligands [C2B9H112− and (o‐xylylene‐C2B9H9)2−] and the dysprosium(III) cation show large effective energy barriers for slow magnetic relaxation and a magnet‐type hysteresis loop up to 6.8 K, which may provide a new type of organometallic ligand for the design of high‐performance single‐molecule magnets. Abstract The dicarbollide ion, nido‐C2B9H112− is isoelectronic with cyclopentadienyl. Herein, we make dysprosiacarboranes,...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 15:46
Gadolinium photocatalysis: A highly regioselective, intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition/ring‐expansion sequence with indoles is introduced, which could provide divergent access to cyclopenta[b]indoles and indolines. A simple and commercially available Gd(OTf)3 salt is sufficient for this visible‐violet‐light‐induced transformation. Abstract Lanthanide photocatalysts are much less investigated in synthetic chemistry than rare and expensive late transition metals. We herein introduce GdIII...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 15:45
Crystal structure engineering and element substitution has led to the stable layered P2@P3 integrated spinel cathode material Na0.5Ni0.1Co0.15Mn0.65Mg0.1O2. The magnesium manipulates its structural evolution to afford reasonable phase ratios and suppresses unfavorable phase transformation as well as relieving the Jahn–Teller distortion, which results in the material showing an excellent performance in a sodium‐ion battery. Abstract Structural evolution of the cathode during cycling plays a...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 15:45
Spidey sense: A general strategy for precise control over the properties of both the hierarchical support and MOFs is presented. It enables the good dispersion of individual MOF nanoparticles on a spiderweb‐like network within each macrovoid even at high loadings. Abstract Processing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into hierarchical macroscopic materials can greatly extend their practical applications. However, current strategies suffer from severe aggregation of MOFs and limited tuning of...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 15:45
Liquid vinyl monomers were converted into solid crystals via halogen bonding. They underwent solid‐phase radical polymerization, yielding polymers with high molecular weights and relatively low dispersities. The monomer crystals were assembled to pre‐determined structures, followed by solid‐phase polymerization, to yield polymer materials with complex structures. Abstract Liquid vinyl monomers were converted into solid crystals via halogen bonding. They underwent solid‐phase radical polymerizations...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 15:44
The hydrogen farm project (HFP) is a feasible approach for scalable solar energy storage and hydrogen production with particulate photocatalysts mimicking photosynthesis. Bismuth vanadate crystals with precisely tuned {110}/{010} facets successfully realize the HFP, giving up to 71 % quantum efficiency for photocatalytic water oxidation with nearly no reverse reaction from spatial charge separation. Abstract Scalable solar hydrogen production by water splitting using particulate photocatalysts...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 15:44
Membranes: Sulfonated polyxanthene membranes with both intrinsic microporosity and conductive functionality were synthesized. They exhibit high ion conductivity and high selectivity towards redox‐active anions. They significantly enhance the performance of redox flow batteries and hydrogen fuel cells, demonstrating the design is broadly applicable. Abstract Membranes which allow fast and selective transport of protons and cations are required for a wide range of electrochemical energy conversion...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 15:42
Combining naphthoquinone or hydroquinone redox‐active pendent groups, an all‐organic battery was designed to operate in aqueous electrolyte. This battery does not only show good capacity retention over 500 cycles but can also be charged ultra‐rapidly using a potential step, enabling easy integration with an organic solar cell. Abstract Electrodes based on organic matter operating in aqueous electrolytes enable new approaches and technologies for assembling and utilizing batteries that are difficult...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 15:33
Tue Mar 31, 2020 15:33
Bi3+‐Ln3+ (Ln=Er, Yb) codoping imparts optical functionality to Cs2AgInCl6 double perovskite. Bi3+ tailors optical absorption, thereafter non‐radiatively exciting Er3+ or Yb3+ f‐electrons, which then de‐excite by emitting 1540 and 994 nm near‐infrared (NIR) light, respectively. Abstract Bi3+ and lanthanide ions have been codoped in metal oxides as optical sensitizers and emitters. But such codoping is not known in typical semiconductors such as Si, GaAs, and CdSe. Metal halide perovskite with...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 15:32
“The biggest problem that scientists face is global warming … I am waiting for the day when someone will discover using renewable energy to replace all the fossil energy …” Find out more about Tong‐Bu Lu in his Author Profile.
Tue Mar 31, 2020 15:32
Set me free: A new experimental approach for estimating the H‐bond free energy of local biological water has been proposed. This was made possible by combining time‐resolved spectroscopy and installation of a fluorescent, prototropic hydration probe at protein surfaces. This study promises access to energetics and dynamics of local biological water at protein surfaces of interest. Abstract Here, we propose an experimental methodology based on femtosecond‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy to...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 15:30
Amyloid‐β (Aβ) oligomers are implicated in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, their unstable nature and heterogeneous state disrupts elucidation of their explicit role in AD progression, impeding the development of tools targeting soluble Aβ oligomers. To address such obstacles, we designed and synthesized parallel and anti‐parallel variants of Aβ(1‐40) dimers and characterized their pathogenic properties in AD models. We found anti‐parallel dimers induced cognitive impairments with increased...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 11:04
Efficient methods to introduce bioorthogonal groups, such as terminal alkynes, into biomolecules are important tools for chemical biology. State‐of‐the‐art approaches are based on the introduction of a linker between the targeted amino acid and the alkyne, and still present limitations of either reactivity, selectivity or adduct stability. Herein, we present an ethynylation method of cysteine residues based on the use of ethynylbenziodoxolone (EBX) reagents. In contrast to other approaches, the acetylene...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 11:03
We report a catalytic, light‐driven protocol for the intramolecular hydroetherification of unactivated alkenols to furnish cyclic ether products. These reactions occur under visible light irradiation in the presence of an Ir(III)‐based photoredox catalyst, a Bronsted base catalyst, and a hydrogen atom transfer co‐catalyst. Reactive alkoxy radicals are proposed as key intermediates, generated via the direct homolytic activation of alcohol O‐H bonds through a proton‐coupled electron transfer mechanism....
Mon Mar 30, 2020 22:54
The 18‐electron cobalt hydride (R,R)‐(iPrDuPhos)Co(CO)2H has been synthesized. Despite being coordinatively saturated this compound promotes reversible 2,1‐insertion of styrene and catalytic hydrogenation, raising questions as to the mechanism of action of the modified cobalt catalysts. Abstract Intermediates relevant to cobalt‐catalyzed alkene hydroformylation have been isolated and evaluated in fundamental organometallic transformations relevant to aldehyde formation. The 18‐electron (R,R)‐(iPrDuPhos)Co(CO)2H...
Mon Mar 30, 2020 22:00
Radical borylation using N ‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐BH 3 complexes as boryl radical precursors has emerged as an important synthetic tool for organoboron assembly. However, the majority of reported methods are limited to reaction modes involving carbo‐ and/or hydroboration of specific alkenes and alkynes. Moreover, the generation of NHC‐boryl radicals relies principally on hydrogen atom abstraction with the aid of radical initiators. Herein, we report a fundamentally distinct radical generation...
Mon Mar 30, 2020 21:01
Superoxide ‐based potassium‐oxygen (K‐O 2 ) batteries have demonstrated enormous potential to realize high‐energy‐density battery chemistry with low round‐trip overpotentials . Although using air cathode is the ultimate goal to unlock the full potential of superoxide batteries, prior studies were limited to pure oxygen. Herein, we report the first K‐air battery based on reversible superoxide electrochemistry . Spectroscopic and gas chromatography analyses are applied to evaluate the reactivity...
Mon Mar 30, 2020 20:58
Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) conversion is promising in alleviating the excessive CO 2 level and simultaneously producing valuables. This work reports the preparation of carbon nanorods encapsulated bismuth oxides for the efficient CO 2 electroconversion toward formate production. This resultant catalyst exhibits a small onset potential of ‐0.28 V vs. RHE and partial current density of over 200 mA cm ‐2 with a stable and high Faradaic efficiency of 93% for formate generation in a flow cell configuration....
Mon Mar 30, 2020 19:53
The cation‐π interaction is a strong non‐covalent interaction and can be used to prepare high‐strength, stable supramolecular materials. However, because the molecular plane of a cation‐containing group and that of aromatic structure are usually perpendicular when forming a cation‐π complex, it is difficult to exploit the cation‐π interaction to prepare a 2D self‐assembly in which the molecular plane of all the building blocks are parallel. Herein, we propose a “double cation‐π‐driven” strategy...
Mon Mar 30, 2020 19:04
A hallmark of Parkinson’s disease is the death of neuromelanin‐pigmented neurons, but the role of neuromelanin is unclear. Lack of a neuromelanin‐specific marker was highlighted over 30 years ago, yet in‐situ characterization of neuromelanin remains dependent on detectable pigmentation, rather than direct quantification of neuromelanin. We show that direct, label‐free nanoscale visualization of neuromelanin and associated metal ions in human brain tissue can be achieved using synchrotron Scanning...
Mon Mar 30, 2020 19:03
Zeolites are widely employed in the industry, and typically synthesized under hydrothermal condition for a relatively long crystallization time. However, there is still a big challenge for the fast synthesis of mesoporous zeolites with enhanced mass transfer. Herein, for the first time, Gamma rays (γ‐rays) irradiation was introduced into zeolite synthesis. It was found that the crystallization process of zeolite NaA, NaY, Silicalite‐1 and ZSM‐5 were greatly accelearted. The crystallization time of...
Mon Mar 30, 2020 17:23
Fuel‐driven self‐assemblies are gaining ground for creating autonomous systems and materials, whose temporal behavior is preprogrammed by a reaction network. However, up to now there is a lack of simple external control mechanisms of the transient behavior, at best using remote and benign light control. Even more challenging is to use different wavelengths to modulate different components of the system, such as fuel or building blocks. Success would enable such systems to navigate along different...
Mon Mar 30, 2020 17:06
The three‐dimensional structure of nanocomposite microgels was precisely determined by cryo‐electron micrography. Several nanocomposite microgels that differ with respect to their nanocomposite structure, which were obtained from seeded emulsion polymerization in the presence of microgels, were used as model nanocomposite materials for cryo‐electron micrography. The obtained three‐dimensional segmentation images of these nanocomposite microgels provide important insights into the interactions between...
Mon Mar 30, 2020 17:05
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου