Background/Aim: We aimed to elucidate the pathological findings following acute and late re-irradiation in a preclinical model. Materials and Methods: Mice were divided into five treatment groups: sham-irradiation (Sham-IR), 10-12 Gy (Single IR Acute), 15 Gy (Single IR Late), 15 Gy followed by 10-12 Gy re-irradiation 7 days later (Re-IR Acute), or 15 Gy followed by 10-12 Gy re-irradiation 12 weeks later (Re-IR Late). Mice were sacrificed after either single irradiation or re-irradiation for pathological...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: The antitumor effect of sustained calcium supply on Src degradation was investigated in the context of hormone-dependent breast cancer, followed by elucidation of the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Hormone-dependent T-47D breast cancer cells were used. Lactate calcium salt (LCS) was used as the source of sustained calcium supply, and the applicable concentration of LCS was determined by the colorimetric MTT assay. LCS-mediated deactivation of downstream signaling via...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: The liver of pregnant women undergoes physiological and pathological changes and the changes in liver enzyme activity and release reflect changes in serum enzymatic activity. We aimed to assess the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the sera of women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), the most common pregnancy-related liver disease. Patients and Methods: Serum samples were taken from 40 women with ICP in the second...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed due to the patient seeking medical attention for abdominal pain. It is among the most painful cancers, with pain severity strongly correlating with prognosis. Perineural invasion is a prominent feature of pancreatic cancer and often the first route of metastasis resulting in neuropathic pain. While surgical pain is present, it is generally short-lived; chemo- and radio-therapy associated side effect pain is often longer lasting and more difficult to manage. Treatment-induced...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteins which are involved in breakdown of the extracellular matrix in embryonic development, tissue remodeling and in some diseases. MMP8 has both cancer-promoting and anticancer properties. However, the contribution of MMP8 to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has not been elucidated. In this study we aimed to test the contribution of two MMP8 polymorphisms, located in the gene promoter region, to the development of LSCC....
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: The study aimed at investigating the correlation between ductoscopic and histopathological findings and clarify whether the former allow for accurate prediction of malignancy. Patients and Methods: The prospective national multi-center study covered a sample of 224 patients with pathologic nipple discharge. A total of 214 patients underwent ductoscopy with subsequent extirpation of the mammary duct. The ductoscopic findings were categorized according to shape, number, color and surface...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: We aimed to examine the association of the genotypes of Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 (NBS1), a critical gene in DNA double strand break repair machinery, with bladder cancer risk in Taiwan. Materials and Methods: NBS1 rs1805794 genotypes among 375 bladder cancer patients and 375 non-cancer healthy controls were determined via the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology and their association with bladder cancer risk were evaluated. Results: The...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
The Influence of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation for Middle and Lower Rectal Cancer on Anorectal Function
Background/Aim: To date, there is no clear understanding whether preoperative long-course chemoradiotherapy combined with surgery for rectal cancer is detrimental to anorectal function. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery for middle and lower rectal cancer on postoperative anorectal function. Patients and Methods: Data of 113 patients with middle or lower rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy plus surgery or surgery...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: CD38 is a cell surface marker commonly present in plasma cells and activated T cells, while CD138 is a representative plasma cell marker. The aim of this study was to describe the expression of cell surface markers including CD38 and CD138, in the tumors of patients with IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) and extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (EMZL) of the ocular adnexa. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four consecutive patients of whom 12 had IgG4-ROD and 12 EMZL were...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Aim: To investigate the prevalence of cervico-vaginal co-infection with high-risk (HR) HPV types and other sexually transmitted pathogens (STPs) in women with anogenital warts (AGWs). Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, cervico-vaginal smears of women with AGWs were examined with real-time polymerase chain reaction for the presence of HR-HPV types and common STPs. Women with recent cervical HPV infection and general population were used for comparisons. Results: A total of 689 women...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: The winemaking procedure results in the generation of stems, a by-product that is harmful to the environment. Concomitantly, stems are rich in polyphenols and, hence, they are putatively beneficial for human health. Materials and Methods: In this study, the grape stem extracts derived from three native Greek vine varieties, namely Mavrodaphne, Muscat and Rhoditis were examined for their chemical composition and antioxidant and antimutagenic properties using a battery of in vitro biomarkers....
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Aim: Acute post-operative pain following modified radical mastectomy (MRM) in patients with breast cancer is challenging for anesthesiologists. This study aimed to prospectively compare the quality outcome of interfascial plane blocks performed with ultrasound guidance, and evaluate the consequences of sharing tasks with the breast surgeon. Patients and Methods: The study involved 255 patients scheduled for unilateral MRM, who were divided into two groups: Pecs group: General anesthesia plus ultrasound-guided...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background: SF3B4, a critical component of U2 pre-mRNA spliceosomal complex, has been recently indicated as a potential oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, limited information exists on how SF3B4 expression is regulated in HCC. Materials and Methods: To determine the regulatory factor for SF3B4 expression, small interfering RNA (siRNA), real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting assay were performed. The in vivo expression profiles of SRSF3 and SF3B4 were...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: The efficacy of treatment using the anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) antibody for metastatic gastric cancer (mGC) has been established previously. Exploratory analyses in various types of tumours suggest that prior exposure to immune checkpoint inhibitors can enhance the efficacy of subsequent cytotoxic chemotherapy (CTx). Our aim is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CTx for mGC after progression on anti-PD-(ligand) 1 [anti-PD-(L)1] antibody. Patients and Methods: We...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: While there has been a rapid development in genomic data mining approaches for T-cell receptor recombinations (TcR), less emphasis has been placed on B-cell receptor (BcR) recombinations. Materials and Methods: We obtained lung cancer exome files from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and mined the files for TcR and BcR recombination reads. Results: There was a robust detection of BcR light chain recombination reads in lung adenocarcinoma (TCGA-LUAD) samples, and there was a correlation...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Personalized therapies may improve outcomes in elderly patients with brain metastases from cancer of unknown primary (CUP). To contribute to this strategy, an instrument for judging their survival time was designed. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included 53 patients, aged ≥65 years and treated with whole-brain irradiation (WBI) for brain metastases from CUP. The WBI-program, age, gender, Karnofsky performance score (KPS), number of brain metastases and non-cerebral...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for localized prostate cancer. Patients and Methods: We investigated 25 patients treated with SBRT of 35 Gy per five fractions from May 2014 to March 2015. Results: The median age of patients was 70 years, four (16%) patients were low risk and 21 (84%) were intermediate risk. Seven (28%) patients received neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy. The median follow-up time was 53 months....
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Outcomes of older persons with secondary brain lesions from carcinoma of the breast may be improved by individualized therapy. This process will likely be easier with survival scores. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 111 older patients with carcinoma of the breast irradiated for secondary brain lesions. Dose-fractionation, age, general condition, number of brain lesions, other visceral metastases and time period from breast cancer detection until radiation...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Prolonged use of glucocorticoids (GC) in glioma treatment can lead to adrenal insufficiency (AI) and subsequent steroid dependence due to suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This is challenging to diagnose due to its nonspecific clinical symptoms erroneously ascribed to treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors predisposing patients with gliomas to develop AI. Patients and Methods: Charts in the neuro-oncology clinic from July 2018 to March...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: We aimed to compare the outcomes between sorafenib and lenvatinib as first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with major portal vein tumor thrombosis (Vp3/4). Patients and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 41 HCC patients with Vp3/4 and Child-Pugh A. Results: The outcomes in the lenvatinib group (n=13) were significantly better than those in the sorafenib group (n=28) [best objective response rate according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: The aim of this multi-center retrospective study was to investigate the results of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for pulmonary oligometastases from esophageal cancer. Patients and Methods: Oligometastases from the esophagus were identified from a dataset of a Japanese survey. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression were applied to perform analyses. Results: A total of 114 patients with 132 pulmonary oligometastases were collected. The 3-year local control rate, freedom...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Pancreatic surgery is associated with a high risk of developing deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and malnutrition. We aimed to evaluate the factors predicting the development of DVT, focusing on nutrition assessment tools. Patients and Methods: One hundred patients who underwent pancreatic surgery were postoperatively examined for DVT. We assessed the risk factors for the development of DVT after surgery. Results: Postoperative DVT was detected in 11 patients (11%). Patients who developed...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: We evaluated the diagnostic value of functional imaging with [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the identification of extranodal extension (ENE) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Patients and Methods: In this study, 94 patients with HNSCC who underwent FDG-PET/CT were enrolled. We recorded the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), compared the results with pathologic findings, and evaluated...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to be a poor prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, no studies have focused on the dynamic change of preoperative NLR (pre-NLR) in CRC patients. We investigated the prognostic value of the change in NLR (NLR) in CRC patients before and after surgery. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from 307 patients with stage II or III CRC. We compared the clinicopathological factors,...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: The European MRI and Rectal Cancer Surgery (EuMaRCS) score was proposed to identify preoperatively difficult laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (L-TME) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This study aimed to test EuMaRCS's validity. Patients and Methods: Data were retrieved from a European multicenter database, including patients with mid/low LARC, treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and L-TME with primary anastomosis. The EuMaRCS score was calculated on: BMI>30...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the association between total triiodothyronine (T3), free fraction of thyroxin (FT4), and thyrotropin (TSH) levels with prostate cancer histopathological features. Patients and Methods: Blood samples from 140 patients with prostate cancer were analyzed preoperatively and stratified according to postoperative histopathological differentiation. The first group (N=62) included patients with prostate cancer Grade Groups (GG) 1-2, while the second...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: The outcomes of ramucirumab after lenvatinib failure for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels of ≥400 ng/ml are unknown. Patients and Methods: Of 12 patients treated with ramucirumab after lenvatinib failure, 10 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Results: The disease control rate of 80% at 6 weeks and the median time to progression of 3.1 months were the same by both the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Aim: To clarify the benefits of robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) regarding short-term outcomes in patients with technically demanding rectal cancer (TDRC). Patients and Methods: Between April 2015 and September 2019, 88 TDRC cases were identified from our database, and divided into the RALS (n=32) and conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS) (n=56) groups. TDRC was defined as mid-rectal tumors presenting at least one of the following risk factors: Male sex, high body mass index, T4 stage,...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background: The mechanism of action of bevacizumab and erlotinib is quite different in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study sought to compare the two targeted therapies in terms of sequential tumor response metrics. Patients and Methods: Parameters of radiological tumor response evaluation were assessed at baseline and periodically in 58 patients receiving either bevacizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy (N=25) or erlotinib (N=33). Results: Bevacizumab-treated...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: The prognosis of gastric cancer with para-aortic or bulky lymph node metastases is poor, but the JCOG 0405 study showed relatively good outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and gastrectomy with para-aortic lymph node dissection. We investigated the prognostic factors for this treatment. Patients and Methods: Twenty patients who underwent gastrectomy and para-aortic lymph node dissection after chemotherapy were enrolled from two institutions. The prognostic factors for overall survival...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Recently, the concept of textbook outcome (TO) has emerged as a novel effort to develop a benchmark that reflects multiple domains of quality. The aims of the current study were to define TO for retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS), evaluate the relationship of TO with hospital volume and assess the association of TO with overall survival. Patients and Methods: Patients who underwent resection for RPS diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 were identified in the National Cancer Database. The primary...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background: Several immune-inflammatory markers are associated with cancer progression. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the influence of the preoperative C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CRP/ALB ratio) on survival of patients with esophageal cancer and recurrence after curative resection. Patients and Methods: The preoperative CRP/ALB ratio was evaluated in 122 patients who underwent radical resection for esophageal cancer from 2005 to 2018. The correlations between the CRP/ALB...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: The incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV)-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been increasing in the last decades. Analysis of oral brushing or rinsing samples for screening or stratification could potentially improve screening and prevention. Patients and Methods: Oral brushes and mouthwashes were taken from 20 patients with HPV-associated HNSCC before definite therapy. HPV genotyping was performed for the detection of 14 high-risk HPV subtypes and correlated...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Dose Adjustment of Oxaliplatin Based on Renal Function in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Background/Aim: The effect of renal dysfunction on the toxicity and efficacy of oxaliplatin remains unclear. We investigated the association between creatinine clearance (Ccr), a marker of renal function, and the toxicity and efficacy of oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Patients and Methods: Patients with mCRC who received oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment were included in this study. Primary outcome was peripheral neuropathy (Grade ≥2), while...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) can be divided into subtypes of basal-like (BL), mesenchymal-like (ML), luminal androgen receptor (LAR), and immunomodulatory (IM). The aim of our study was to assess whether there are distinct radiologic features within the different TNBC subtypes and whether this has potential clinical impact. Patients and Methods: Imaging pictures of 135 patients with TNBC were re-evaluated. TNBC subtyping was performed on asservated tumor tissue using a panel...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Hepatitis B core (HBc) antibody positivity indicates a history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and latent infection. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study of 512 and 495 head and neck cancer (HNC) and non-HNC patients treated at the Okayama University Hospital, Head and Neck Cancer Center from 2008-2017. Demographic data and risk factors that might affect HNC diagnosis were analyzed to assess their effects. Results: Cancer diagnosis was found to...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare malignancy, which is often triple-negative for the hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and thus, does not benefit from targeted therapy. In this study, we examined the expression of methylation and demethylation enzymes by immunostaining MBC and the adjacent normal tissues or triple-negative ductal carcinoma (TNDC), and identified alterations that may be used as therapeutic targets. Materials and Methods: We...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
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