High-resolution serial-section electron microscopy (ssEM) makes it possible to investigate the dense meshwork of axons, dendrites, and synapses that form neuronal circuits. However, the imaging scale required to comprehensively reconstruct these structures is more than ten orders of magnitude smaller than the spatial extents occupied by networks of interconnected neurons, some of which span nearly the entire brain. Difficulties in generating and handling data for large volumes at nanoscale resolution...
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Apela (also known as Elabela, Ende, and Toddler) is a small signaling peptide that activates the G-protein-coupled receptor Aplnr to stimulate cell migration during zebrafish gastrulation. Here, using CRISPR/Cas9 to generate a null, reporter-expressing allele, we study the role of Apela in the developing mouse embryo. We found that loss of Apela results in low-penetrance cardiovascular defects that manifest after the onset of circulation. Three-dimensional micro-computed tomography revealed a higher...
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When making decisions, people are often exposed to relevant information stemming from qualitatively different sources. For instance, when making a choice between two alternatives people can rely on the advice of other people (i.e., social information) or search for factual information about the alternatives (i.e., non-social information). Prior research in categorization has shown that social information is given special attention when both social and non-social information is available, even when...
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In this work we describe the Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber (HINC) as a new instrument to measure ambient ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations for conditions relevant to mixed-phase clouds. Laboratory verification and validation experiments confirm the accuracy of the thermodynamic conditions of temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) in HINC with uncertainties in T of +/- 0.4K and in RH with respect to water (RHw) of +/- 1.5 %, which translates into an uncertainty in RH with respect...
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Die Persönlichkeit von Arbeitnehmenden wird durch ein ganzes Bündel von Normen privat- und öffentlichrechtlicher Natur geschützt. Wichtigster Bezugspunkt bildet die Generalklausel zum Arbeitnehmerpersönlichkeitsschutz in Art. 328 OR. Eine Analyse ausgewählter Gerichtsentscheide zeigt eine flexible und dynamische Handhabung dieser Norm durch die Gerichte. Auch verfassungs- und völkerrechtliche Wertungen zum Schutze der Persönlichkeit entfalten durch Art. 328 OR Wirkung im privatrechtlichen Arbeitsverhältnis....
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Nach heftigen Kontroversen trat in Deutschland im Spätsommer 2006 das Allgemeine Gleichbehandlungsgesetz (AGG) zur Umsetzung neuer europarechtlicher Diskriminierungsschutzrichtlinien in Kraft. Das Diskriminierungsverbot des AGG betrifft sämtliche Phasen des Arbeitsverhältnisses. Betriebe müssen insbesondere ihre Bewerbungs- und Anstellungsprozesse den neuen Rahmenbedingungen anpassen. Obwohl in einigen Punkten nicht europarechtstauglich, wird das AGG, flankiert durch die Rechtsprechung des EuGH,...
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Zusammenfassung Borchard und Gerth legen in ihrem Beitrag „Die Relevanz eines kohärenten forensischen Beurteilungs- und Behandlungsprozesses: Grenzen der allgemeinpsychiatrischen Diagnosesysteme ICD und DSM für die forensische Fallkonzeption“ (Borchard und Gerth 2020) ein Plädoyer für ein eigenes forensisch-psychiatrisches Diagnosesystem vor. Der folgende Beitrag setzt sich mit diesem Anliegen kritisch auseinander und zeigt, warum der Forderung nach einem forensisch-psychiatrischen...
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Zusammenfassung Das Ziel einer therapeutischen Maßnahme bei Straftätern ist gemäß Gesetzesgrundlage die Reduktion der Gefahr erneuter „erheblicher rechtswidriger Taten“ (§§ 63 und 64 StGB, Deutschland) bzw. mit dem „Zustand des Täters in Zusammenhang stehender Taten“ (Art. 59 und 63 bzw. Art. 60 für Abhängigkeiten StGB, Schweiz). Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, ist ein kohärenter Prozess notwendig, der die Fallkonzeption (inkl. Diagnostik und Hypothese zum Deliktmechanismus), Behandlungsplanung...
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Abstract Terrorism, especially lone-actor terrorism, is considered a major national security threat in both North America and Europe. The threat of terrorism has many faces and violence can arise from all ideological extremes. The authors present the theoretical model and current empirical validation of the Terrorist Radicalization Assessment Protocol (TRAP-18), a structured professional judgment instrument for those engaged in risk assessment of persons of concern for acts of...
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Zusammenfassung Studien zeigen einen robusten Zusammenhang zwischen psychischen Störungen und Sexualdelinquenz. Im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung sind bei Sexualstraftätern sowohl paraphile Störungen als auch Persönlichkeitsstörungen überrepräsentiert. Auch zeigen persönlichkeits- und paraphil gestörte Sexualstraftäter gegenüber Sexualdelinquenten ohne solche Diagnosen neben anderen psychischen Störungen häufiger psychosoziale Auffälligkeiten, Schwierigkeiten im Bereich der...
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Dal-Ré R, Ayuso C. Reasons for and time to retraction of genetics articles published between 1970 and 2018. J Med Genet 2019;56:734–40. doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106137.Table 1 and 2 and supplementary files 1, 2, 3 and 5 require amendments.In table 1, Reasons for retraction, Unreliable information the correct n is 179 (% 10.7, 95% CI 9.2 to 12.3); Authorship issues the correct n is 169 (% 10.7; 95% CI 9.2 to 12.3).In table 2, columns 1970–2018, Medical Genetics, Authorship issues, the correct n...
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ObjectiveTo examine the association between serum total homocysteine levels (tHcy) and dementia risk.MethodsA total of 1588 Japanese adults aged ≥60 years without dementia were prospectively followed from 2002 to 2012. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to estimate the HRs of tHcy levels on the risk of dementia.ResultsDuring the follow-up, 372 subjects developed all-cause dementia; 247 had Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 98 had vascular dementia (VaD). Compared with...
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ObjectiveThe Tysabri Observational Programme (TOP), which began >10 years ago, is an open-label, multinational, prospective observational study evaluating the long-term safety and effectiveness of natalizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients.MethodsThese data provide a 10-year interim analysis of safety and effectiveness in TOP. Annualised relapse rates (ARRs) and disability progression/improvement were analysed using the Poisson model and the Kaplan-Meier method, respectively....
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IntroductionIn this study, we aimed to investigate the usefulness of P wave peak time (PWPT), a novel ECG parameter, in patients who were diagnosed with acute ischaemic stroke (IS) and had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) on Holter monitoring.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we included 90 consecutive patients with acute IS who were admitted to our hospital between January 2017 and July 2019. PWPT was described as the time from the beginning of the P wave to its peak,...
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Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has scourged the world, resulting in the WHO declaring it as a pandemic. As of 19 March 2020, COVID-19 has affected over 207 000 people in at least 166 countries worldwide, with most of the cases being reported from China and Europe. The absolute number of deaths has already surpassed 8500 globally and is expected to increase further as the disease spreads rapidly....
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Publication date: Available online 30 March 2020Source: Trends in ImmunologyAuthor(s): Dario Priem, Geert van Loo, Mathieu J.M. Bertrand
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Simulation allows the practice of clinical skills in a risk-free, controlled environment. It is followed by facilitated self-reflection and constructive feedback via a ‘debrief’ from trained faculty. Initially pioneered by the aviation industry, it has now been enthusiastically embraced by healthcare as an approach to dealing with safety critical and complex clinical scenarios. Simulation is widely adaptable and its use has been applied to diverse clinical areas, specialities and topics from communicating...
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Abstract Alterations in protein glycosylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) have been extensively studied using cell lines as models. However, little is known about their O-glycome and the differences in glycan biosynthesis in different cell types. To provide a better understanding of the variation in O-glycosylation phenotypes and their association with other molecular features, an in-depth O-glycosylation analysis of 26 different CRC cell lines was performed. The released O-glycans...
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Publication date: Available online 31 March 2020Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell ResearchAuthor(s): Nada Alhazmi, Chun-Peng Pai, Aljawharah Albaqami, Han Wang, Xuan Zhao, Minyue Chen, Po Hu, Shuang Guo, Kyle Starost, Omid Hajihassani, Masaru Miyagi, Hung-Ying Kao
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Publication date: Available online 30 March 2020Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell ResearchAuthor(s): Ziyi Chen, Xiaofeng Li, Jing Jin, Wei Zhou, Junjiang Chen, Kin Lam Fok
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The authors have retracted this case report [1] because the head of the snake shown in Figure 1 and described as being that of a viper (Echis occellatus) is identical to the head of a snake shown in Figure 1 of a...
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This Viewpoint discusses ways the coronavirus pandemic is forcing change onto graduate medical education, including online implementation of preclerkship curricula and alternatives to in-person patient experiences in clinical clerkship rotations.
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This study characterizes the prevalence of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction results positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among patients presenting with influenzalike illness who underwent nasopharyngeal swab testing for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus over 4 days in March 2020.
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Abstract Event Related Potentials (ERPs) are widely used to study category-selective EEG responses to visual stimuli, such as the face-selective N170 component. Typically, this is done by flashing stimuli at the point of static gaze fixation. While allowing for good experimental control, these paradigms ignore the dynamic role of eye-movements in natural vision. Fixation-related potentials (FRPs), obtained using simultaneous EEG and eye-tracking, overcome this limitation. Various...
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Abstract Age-related phenotypic changes of cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells lead to dysregulation of cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier disruption, promoting the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). In recent years, endothelial cell senescence has emerged as a potential mechanism contributing to microvascular pathologies opening the avenue to the therapeutic exploitation of senolytic drugs in preclinical studies. However, difficulties with the detection...
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Publication date: Available online 31 March 2020Source: GeneAuthor(s): Hongyu Yuan, Huihua Yang, Linliu Peng, Yun Peng, Zhao Chen, Linlin Wan, Chunrong Wang, Yuting Shi, Victor Wei Zhang, Beisha Tang, Rong Qiu, Hong Jiang
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Publication date: Available online 31 March 2020Source: GeneAuthor(s): Hyun Jo Koo, Tae-Jin Yang
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Publication date: Available online 30 March 2020Source: GeneAuthor(s): Mohamad Bydon, FM Moinuddin, Yagiz U. Yolcu, Waseem Wahood, Mohammed Ali Alvi, Anshit Goyal, Mohammed Elminawy, Catalina Galeano-Garces, Amel Dudakovic, Ahmad Nassr, A. Noelle Larson, Andre J. van Wijnen
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Publication date: Available online 30 March 2020Source: GeneAuthor(s): Danni He, Jialin Li, Bo Zhou, Yuanmei Chen, Qin Hui, Fang Ye, Lipeng Zhang, Xuge He, Wenquan Niu, Qi Zhang
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