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The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) is currently ongoing in China. Most of the critically ill patients received high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy. However, the...
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Abstract This study investigated the fermentation kinetics and thermodynamics of ascorbic acid production from Brewery Spent Grain (BSG) using Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii. Ascorbic acid fermentation of A. flavus and A. tamarii was performed at a temperature of 30 °C, agitation speed of 100 rpm and pH 5.0 at 96 h of fermentation. The thermodynamics, kinetics of the growth parameters and ascorbic acid production were studied using Monod, Contois and Teisser models....
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the chelating mineral on propionic acid, calcium or sodium on the composition, dynamics and richness of the intestinal microbiota of a native silver catfish Rhamdia quelen through high-throughput sequencing (HTS). A total of 225 fish (8.43 ± 0.18 g) were distributed in tanks, 15 fish per tank in five groups with three replicates each: Control, Ca-propionate 0.25% (Ca0.25%) Ca-propionate 1% (Ca1%), Na-propionate 0.25%...
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Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 846: Validation of an Automated Quantitative Digital Pathology Approach for Scoring TMEM, a Prognostic Biomarker for Metastasis Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12040846 Authors: Entenberg Oktay D’Alfonso Ginter Robinson Xue Rohan Sparano Jones Condeelis Metastasis causes ~90% of breast cancer mortality. However, standard prognostic tests based mostly on proliferation genes do not measure metastatic potential. Tumor...
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Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 848: Morphologic and Genomic Heterogeneity in the Evolution and Progression of Breast Cancer Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12040848 Authors: Kutasovic McCart Reed Sokolova Lakhani Simpson : Breast cancer is a remarkably complex and diverse disease. Subtyping based on morphology, genomics, biomarkers and/or clinical parameters seeks to stratify optimal approaches for management, but it is clear that every breast cancer is fundamentally unique....
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Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 843: Plasma and Tissue Specific miRNA Expression Pattern and Functional Analysis Associated to Colorectal Cancer Patients Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12040843 Authors: Cojocneanu Braicu Raduly Jurj Zanoaga Magdo Irimie Muresan Ionescu Grigorescu Berindan-Neagoe An increasing number of studies suggest the implication of microRNAs (miRNAs) in colorectal (CRC) carcinogenesis and disease progression. Nevertheless,...
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Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 844: Safety of Aflibercept in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Literature Review and Expert Perspective on Clinical and Real-World Data Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12040844 Authors: Muro Salinardi Singh Macarulla : Background: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) represents a substantial health burden globally and an increasing challenge in Asian countries. Treatment options include chemotherapy plus a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)...
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Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 845: Combination Treatment with Cold Physical Plasma and Pulsed Electric Fields Augments ROS Production and Cytotoxicity in Lymphoma Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12040845 Authors: Wolff Kolb Weltmann von Woedtke Bekeschus New approaches in oncotherapy rely on the combination of different treatments to enhance the efficacy of established monotherapies. Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) are an established method (electrochemotherapy) for enhancing...
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Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 847: Lactotransferrin Downregulation Drives the Metastatic Progression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12040847 Authors: Chiu Hsu Chang Yang Chiu Lin : Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the main type of RCC, which is the most common type of malignant kidney tumor in adults. A subpopulation (>30%) of ccRCC patients develop metastasis; however, the molecular mechanism remains largely unknown....
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Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 841: Discoidin Domain Receptor-1 (DDR1) is Involved in Angiolymphatic Invasion in Oral Cancer Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12040841 Authors: Chen Tsai Ko Lai Cheng Shiah Hsiao Chang Lin The discoidin domain receptor-1 (DDR1) is a non-integrin collagen receptor recently implicated in the collective cell migration of other cancer types. Previously, we identified an elevated expression of DDR1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma...
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Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 842: Chimeric Antigen Receptor Cell Therapy: Overcoming Obstacles to Battle Cancer Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12040842 Authors: Petty Heyman Yang Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are fusion proteins engineered from antigen recognition, signaling, and costimulatory domains that can be used to reprogram T cells to specifically target tumor cells expressing specific antigens. Current CAR-T cell technology utilizes the patient’s own T cells...
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Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 839: Effectiveness and Costs Associated to Adding Cetuximab or Bevacizumab to Chemotherapy as Initial Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results from the Observational FABIO Project Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12040839 Authors: Matteo Franchi Donatella Garau Ursula Kirchmayer Mirko Di Martino Marilena Romero Ilenia De Carlo Salvatore Scondotto Giovanni Corrao Evidence available on the effectiveness and costs of biological...
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Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 840: Innate and Adaptive Immunity Linked to Recognition of Antigens Shared by Neural Crest-Derived Tumors Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12040840 Authors: Giuseppe Donato Ivan Presta Biagio Arcidiacono Marco F.M. Vismara Annalidia Donato Nastassia C. Garo Natalia Malara In the adult, many embryologic processes can be co-opted by during cancer progression. The mechanisms of divisions, migration, and the ability to escape immunity recognition...
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Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 838: Immunomodulatory Molecules On Lung Cancer Stem Cells From Lymph Nodes Aspirates Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12040838 Authors: Agata Raniszewska Iwona Kwiecień Rafał Sokołowski Elżbieta Rutkowska Joanna Domagała-Kulawik Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unfortunately, not all patients benefit from PD-(L)1 blockade, yet, the PD-L1 tumor cell expression...
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Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 837: The Inhibition of Wnt Restrain KRASG12V-Driven Metastasis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12040837 Authors: Pei-Shan Hung Ming-Hung Huang Yuan-Yeh Kuo James Chih-Hsin Yang The KRAS mutations have been an obstacle to identify therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. In this work, we clarified the distinct metastasis pattern of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) induced by KRASG12V/KRASG12D mutations and inhibited...
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Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 836: Preoperative Peak Oxygen Consumption: A Predictor of Survival in Resected Lung Cancer Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12040836 Authors: Joerg Lindenmann Nicole Fink-Neuboeck Melanie Fediuk Alfred Maier Gabor Kovacs Marija Balic Josef Smolle Freyja Maria Smolle-Juettner The peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) serves as a prognostic factor in cardio-respiratory diseases and plays an important role in cancer patients. The long-term...
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Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 835: Therapy of Sporadic and NF2-Related Vestibular Schwannoma Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12040835 Authors: Longping Yao Mohammed Alahmari Yasin Temel Koos Hovinga Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a benign primary brain tumor that occurs sporadic or as part of a genetic syndrome. The most common cause is the mutation of the NF2 tumor suppressor gene that is involved in the production of the protein merlin. Merlin plays a role in cell growth and...
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Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 834: External Validation of the Dutch SOURCE Survival Prediction Model in Belgian Metastatic Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer Patients Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12040834 Authors: J.J. van Kleef H.G. van den Boorn R.H.A. Verhoeven K. Vanschoenbeek A. Abu-Hanna A.H. Zwinderman M.A.G. Sprangers M.G.H. van Oijen H. De Schutter H.W.M. van Laarhoven The SOURCE prediction model predicts individualised survival conditional on various...
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MEDICAL SCIENCES Correction for “Mutations in thyroid hormone receptor α1 cause premature neurogenesis and progenitor cell depletion in human cortical development,” by Teresa G. Krieger, Carla M. Moran, Alberto Frangini, W. Edward Visser, Erik Schoenmakers, Francesco Muntoni, Chris A. Clark, David Gadian, Wui K. Chong, Adam Kuczynski, Mehul Dattani, Greta...
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EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC, AND PLANETARY SCIENCES Correction for “An unexpected catalyst dominates formation and radiative forcing of regional haze,” by Fang Zhang, Yuan Wang, Jianfei Peng, Lu Chen, Yele Sun, Lian Duan, Xinlei Ge, Yixin Li, Jiayun Zhao, Chao Liu, Xiaochun Zhang, Gen Zhang, Yuepeng Pan, Yuesi Wang, Annie L. Zhang,...
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae constitutes a popular eukaryal model for research on mitochondrial physiology. Being Crabtree-positive, this yeast has evolved the ability to ferment glucose to ethanol and respire ethanol once glucose is consumed. Its transition phase from fermentative to respiratory metabolism, known as the diauxic shift, is reflected by dramatic rearrangements...
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Among CO2-fixing metabolic pathways in nature, the linear Wood–Ljungdahl pathway (WLP) in phylogenetically diverse acetate-forming acetogens comprises the most energetically efficient pathway, requires the least number of reactions, and converts CO2 to formate and then into acetyl-CoA. Despite two genes encoding glycine synthase being well-conserved in WLP gene clusters, the...
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Evidence for global insect declines mounts, increasing our need to understand underlying mechanisms. We test the nutrient dilution (ND) hypothesis—the decreasing concentration of essential dietary minerals with increasing plant productivity—that particularly targets insect herbivores. Nutrient dilution can result from increased plant biomass due to climate or CO2 enrichment. Additionally, when...
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Spatial heterogeneity in composition and function enables ecosystems to supply diverse services. For soil microbes and the ecosystem functions they catalyze, whether such heterogeneity can be maintained in the face of altered resource inputs is uncertain. In a 50-ha northern California grassland with a mosaic of plant communities generated by...
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The transmission of sensory information through the visual system takes time. As a result of these delays, the visual information available to the brain always lags behind the timing of events in the present moment. Compensating for these delays is crucial for functioning within dynamic environments, since interacting with a...
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The novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) in mainland China has rapidly spread across the globe. Within 2 mo since the outbreak was first reported on December 31, 2019, a total of 566 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS CoV-2) cases have been confirmed in 26 other countries. Travel restrictions and border control...
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Plant reproduction relies on the highly regulated growth of the pollen tube for sperm delivery. This process is controlled by secreted RALF signaling peptides, which have previously been shown to be perceived by Catharanthus roseus RLK1-like (CrRLK1Ls) membrane receptor-kinases/LORELEI-like GLYCOLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL (GPI)-ANCHORED PROTEINS (LLG) complexes, or by leucine-rich repeat (LRR) extensin...
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Plants balance their competing requirements for growth and stress tolerance via a sophisticated regulatory circuitry that controls responses to the external environments. We have identified a plant-specific gene, COST1 (constitutively stressed 1), that is required for normal plant growth but negatively regulates drought resistance by influencing the autophagy pathway. An...
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Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like DNA structures decorated with histones and cytotoxic proteins that are released by activated neutrophils to trap and neutralize pathogens during the innate immune response, but also form in and exacerbate sterile inflammation. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) citrullinates histones and is required for NET formation...
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Protein flexibility and disorder is emerging as a crucial modulator of chromatin structure. Histone tail disorder enables transient binding of different molecules to the nucleosomes, thereby promoting heterogeneous and dynamic internucleosome interactions and making possible recruitment of a wide-range of regulatory and remodeling proteins. On the basis of extensive multiscale...
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Eps15-homology domain containing protein 2 (EHD2) is a dynamin-related ATPase located at the neck of caveolae, but its physiological function has remained unclear. Here, we found that global genetic ablation of EHD2 in mice leads to increased lipid droplet size in fat tissue. This organismic phenotype was paralleled at the...
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Local control of blood flow in the heart is important yet poorly understood. Here we show that ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP), hugely abundant in cardiac ventricular myocytes, sense the local myocyte metabolic state and communicate a negative feedback signal-correction upstream electrically. This electro-metabolic voltage signal is transmitted instantaneously to cellular...
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cAMP production upon activation of Gs by G protein-coupled receptors has classically been considered to be plasma membrane-delimited, but a shift in this paradigm has occurred in recent years with the identification of several receptors that continue to signal from early endosomes after internalization. The molecular mechanisms regulating this aspect...
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Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated cation channels that contribute to neurotransmission, as well as initiation of pain and neuronal death following ischemic stroke. As such, there is a great interest in understanding the in vivo regulation of ASICs, especially by endogenous neuropeptides that potently modulate ASICs. The most potent...
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Prokaryotes and viruses have fought a long battle against each other. Prokaryotes use CRISPR–Cas-mediated adaptive immunity, while conversely, viruses evolve multiple anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins to defeat these CRISPR–Cas systems. The type I-F CRISPR–Cas system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires the crRNA-guided surveillance complex (Csy complex) to recognize the invading DNA. Although...
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The plasticity of naturally occurring protein structures, which can change shape considerably in response to changes in environmental conditions, is critical to biological function. While computational methods have been used for de novo design of proteins that fold to a single state with a deep free-energy minimum [P.-S. Huang, S....
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Ral (Ras-like) GTPases are directly activated by oncogenic Ras GTPases. Mutant K-Ras (G12C) has enabled the development of covalent K-Ras inhibitors currently in clinical trials. However, Ral, and the overwhelming majority of mutant oncogenic K-Ras, are devoid of a druggable pocket and lack an accessible cysteine for the development of...
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Life on Earth is driven by electron transfer reactions catalyzed by a suite of enzymes that comprise the superfamily of oxidoreductases (Enzyme Classification EC1). Most modern oxidoreductases are complex in their structure and chemistry and must have evolved from a small set of ancient folds. Ancient oxidoreductases from the Archean...
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