Background/Aim: To predict pCR during neoadjuvant chemotherapy is still difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimal tumor reduction rate and modalities for predicting pCR after two cycles of docetaxel. Patients and Methods: We analyzed 52 patients with HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancer. The tumor reduction rate was evaluated after two 3-week cycles of docetaxel (plus trastuzumab for HER2-positive cancer patients). Patients without progression completed two additional...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Several studies have investigated the influence of obesity on DNA methylation (DNAm) to find biomarkers associated with the detection of chronic diseases, including breast cancer. The aim of the study was to systematically review studies examining the association of body mass index (BMI) and DNAm in blood or normal breast tissue. Materials and Methods: Three scientific literature databases (PubMed, Embase and Web of Science) were screened until May 2018. Results: Twenty-four studies...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Aim: To assess the correlation between contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) and positron-emission tomography (PET)/CT results and surgical and pathological findings in patients with recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer who underwent secondary cytoreduction. Patients and Methods: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT with/without CE-CT were performed before 56 cytoreductive surgeries in 49 patients with suspicious recurrent ovarian cancer. Results: 18F-FDG PET/CT showed higher sensitivity...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Wire-guided localisation (WGL) remains the most widely used technique for the localisation of non-palpable breast lesions; however, recent technological advances have resulted in non-wire, non-radioactive alternatives, such as magnetic seeds (Magseeds). The aim of this pooled analysis was to determine whether Magseeds are an effective tool for localising non-palpable breast lesions. Materials and Methods: Various databases were searched for publications which reported data on the...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Almost all individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) develop peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs), mainly benign neurofibromas, however about 10% of PNSTs will undergo transformation to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). Surgical treatment of PNSTs has traditionally been regarded as a standard approach. The availability of new agents that target specific molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of PNST has led to a number of clinical trials, which resulted in increased...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: For treatment personalization in elderly cancer patients, survival prognoses should be considered. We developed an instrument to estimate survival of elderly patients with brain metastasis from gynecological cancer. Patients and Methods: In 15 patients, whole-brain radiotherapy regimen, tumor site, age, Karnofsky performance score (KPS), number of brain metastases, extra-cerebral metastases and interval from diagnosis of gynecological cancer until radiotherapy were retrospectively...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Time-restricted feeding (TRF) during the dark phase of the day restores metabolic homeostasis in mice. Materials and Methods: We performed untargeted metabolomic analysis on plasma from mice subjected to TRF that attenuates high-fat diet-enhanced spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). Results: Twenty-four of 152 identified metabolites differed among the four dietary groups (non-LLC-bearing mice fed the AIN93G diet and LLC-bearing mice fed the AIN93G, the high-fat diet...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical impact of the perioperative use of antiplatelet/anticoagulation therapy for postoperative bleeding after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Patients and Methods: Patients were selected from the medical records of consecutive patients who were diagnosed with primary esophageal adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma and who underwent complete resection at Yokohama City University from January 2005 to September 2018. The patients...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays important roles in cancer progression. This study aimed to identify the exosomal miRNA (exo-miRNA) profiles related to the EMT status in pancreatic cancer (PC). Materials and Methods: Comprehensive exo-miRNA-expression profiles in the culture media of PC cell lines were analyzed through microarray technology. The identified miRNAs were analyzed to investigate their clinical implication using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: The resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as gefitinib or erlotinib, is considered a major challenge in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we identified the critical roles of anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) in gefitinib (Gef) resistance of mutant NSCLC cells. Materials and Methods: Using datasets from a pair of NSCLC-sensitive and NSCLC-resistant cells, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry,...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background: Primary hepatic carcinosarcoma is a rare subtype of liver malignancy, with only a small number of cases described in the English literature. Case Report: We report the case of a 72-year-old man with a history of hepatitis C, who presented with complaints of abdominal pain. The patient's alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level was highly elevated at 7,406 ng/ml. His albumin, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels were within normal...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Molecular targeted agents have been successfully developed against solid tumors and their use is also being investigated for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). We have previously reported von Hippel Lindau (VHL) mutations detected by massive parallel sequencing technology in samples of patients with MPM. Here, we conducted an in vitro study to investigate the therapeutic approaches in VHL-mutant MPM. Materials and Methods: Three MPM cell lines with or without a...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: To assess the prognostic effect of muscle loss after esophagectomy and before discharge. Patients and Methods: This study retrospectively analysed 159 consecutive patients with oesophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer who underwent esophagectomy between August 2011 and October 2015. Body composition was evaluated one week before surgery and at discharge using a bioelectrical impedance analyser. Results: The median rate of muscle mass loss (RMML) was 4.38% (range=–3.3 to +18.8)....
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background: The method of quickly identifying metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes has become an urgent problem for lung cancer surgery. Indocyanine green (ICG) has the characteristic of being retained in or around the lymph nodes; its pharmacokinetic characteristics and optimal imaging time have not yet been elucidated. Materials and Methods: The IVIS Lumina Imaging System was used to detect near infrared (NIR) fluorescence signals at different ICG doses, times and excitation/emission wavelengths...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Cholecystectomy as Part of Cytoreductive Surgery for Advanced Ovarian Cancer: Perioperative Outcomes
Background/Aim: To assess the perioperative outcomes of cholecystectomy in cytoreductive procedures for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Patients and Methods: Prospectively collected perioperative data of patients that underwent cytoreduction for advanced EOC, between 2014 and 2018, were analysed. Patients were divided in two groups on the basis of whether cholecystectomy was performed. Results: A total of 144 patients with stage IIIC/IV EOC were included. Cholecystectomy was performed in 22 (15.3%)...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) can affect tumors and the tumor microenvironment. As changes in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) after NAC and the resulting clinical significance have not been clearly defined, we evaluated both in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Materials and Methods: TIL level was histologically analyzed in pre-NAC biopsy and post-NAC operation specimens from 104 TNBC cases with residual invasive carcinoma after NAC. Results: Forty-three cases (41.3%) showed...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background: For patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with oligo-recurrence (OR) after previous curative radiotherapy and not eligible for radical resection, the role of radical re-irradiation was not clear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the outcome and prognostic factors of such patients. Patients and Methods: We identified patients with OR of ESCC after previous curative radiotherapy and were treated with radical re-irradiation within 2012-2018 via an in-house prospectively...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Advances in stapling devices have led to their widespread use in colorectal surgery. We compared the strength of four types of anastomoses using bursting pressure. Materials and Methods: We created stapled anastomosis models [double stapling technique (DST), functional end-to-end anastomosis (FEEA) unbuttressed or buttressed, and triangulating anastomosis (TA) with two- or three-row stapling] and a hand-sewn anastomosis model. Bursting pressures of each method were measured. The primary...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: We investigated the clinical role of the molecular targets, APEX1 and Jagged-1, and the Apex1 - Jagged-1 cascade in gastric cancer cells. Materials and Methods: We used 6 human gastric cancer cell lines (SNU-1, SNU-5, SNU-16, NCI-N87, KATO- III and AGS), and demonstrated the chemosensitivity of APEX1 and Jagged-1 through the MTT assay and immunoblotting. Tumor growth was assayed following cisplatin and 5-FU treatment using a xenograft model injected with KATO-III cells. Moreover,...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background: In 2011, a guidance was issued by the National Health Service (NHS) Improvement a model on how mastectomy could be offered in the day-case setting. The goal of this guidance was to reduce inpatient bed days and cost to the NHS, and demonstrate that it can be performed within an acceptable safety profile. The aim of this study was to assess whether patients find the day-case pathway for mastectomy an acceptable management model. We compared complication rates between the day-case and inpatient...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a natural organic compound that displays anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant properties. MSM reportedly has potential in inhibition of tumor cells. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of MSM on lung cancer remain unclear. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of MSM on A549 cells was examined. We focused on the mode of apoptosis induced by MSM and investigated alterations in the integrity of the outer membrane of mitochondria....
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Aim: To investigate potential association between administration of corticosteroids, antibiotics, probiotics, proton pump inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), statins and metformin and outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with nivolumab. Patients and Methods: A total of 224 patients with advanced NSCLC treated at nine comprehensive cancer centers were analyzed in this national retrospective study. Survival statistics were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: New anticancer drugs are usually tested on cancer cells in culture in a standard medium. We stimulated immune polynuclear cells by lipopolysaccharides to obtain an enriched medium (EM) containing inflammatory cytokines more closely reflecting the tumor microenvironment and tested a rhenium-diselenium (Re-diSe) drug in this new model. Concentrations of cytokines were compared with a control medium (CM). Materials and Methods: Human-derived breast cancer cells were grown in culture...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Aim: The current study reports the type of salvage chemotherapy following osimertinib and its treatment efficacy in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) who acquire resistance to osimertinib. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data from the medical charts of 40 patients with NSCLC treated with osimertinib were obtained, primarily focusing on 14 undergoing salvage chemotherapy including epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) or cytotoxic...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Targeting of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is suggested to be beneficial for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients with HER2 amplification. In this study, we evaluated the effects of combination chemotherapy with HER2-targeted drug trastuzumab in ESCC cells and examined the underlying mechanism contributing to these effects. Materials and Methods: HER2 expression was verified, and the efficacy of chemotherapy with and without trastuzumab was investigated...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
A 49-year-old male with Ewing sarcoma and bone, pleural, lung and mediastinal lymph node metastasis was treated with cabozantinib after four lines of previous systemic treatments. He responded objectively and subjectively well for 8 months. In this heavily pretreated patient, the daily starting dose of 60 mg had to be reduced to 30 mg because of adverse events. We conclude that treatment with cabozantinib administered in further-line was active in this particular patient with metastatic Ewing sarcoma....
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background: RhoA and its downstream effectors Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases (ROCK) 1 and 2 are central controllers of cytoskeleton dynamics, and therefore influence cell shape, adhesion and migration. Since modulation of these processes holds promise for an effective anticancer strategy, effects of ROCK inhibition have been evaluated in a number of malignancies. Materials and Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, ROCK1 and ROCK2 expression was semi-quantitatively assessed in 129 patient-derived...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: The best sequential treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains unclear. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of ethinylestradiol (EE) on CRPC. Patients and Methods: A total of 80 patients with CRPC, treated with 0.5-1.5 mg/day of EE, were retrospectively assessed. Results: The median duration from the initial treatment to the beginning of EE was 48.3 months. A decline in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) from the baseline was noted in 60 patients (75%)...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is a standard treatment in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the role of PTEN in TKI resistance remains poorly understood. We aimed to determine the functional role of PTEN knockout and analyse the predictive significance of PTEN expression for TKI treatment in RCC. Materials and Methods: We developed PTEN knockout cells in RCC cell lines using the CRISPR-Cas9 system and analysed the effect of PTEN knockout on spheroid...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Aim: We investigated blood parameters in patients with inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to predict individual outcomes after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Patients and Methods: Blood parameters of consecutive patients undergoing definitive CRT between 2010 and 2016 for inoperable stage III NSCLC before multimodal treatment and at first follow-up were measured and analyzed. Results: Blood parameters from 99 patients were evaluated. Histologically, about 50% of patients...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: Caspase recruitment domain family, member 14 (CARD14) is a member of the CARD family of proteins, which play an important role in immune and inflammatory response, and cell survival and proliferation. Here, we identified the role of CARD14 in human breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate CARD14 expression in breast cancer. Using CARD14 knockdown cells by small interfering RNA, colony formation and MTT assays, flow cytometry analyses, and...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: The host's systemic inflammatory response is thought to affect the progression of cancer and the antitumor effects of chemotherapy. Meta-analyses have reported that the peripheral blood platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a prognostic indicator of this effect. Therefore, we hypothesized that PLR may differ, depending on sentinel lymph node metastasis (SLNM) in patients diagnosed with cT1N0M0 breast cancer by preoperative imaging. This study investigated the ability of preoperative...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: The menadione/ascorbate (M/A) combination has attracted attention due to the unusual ability of pro-vitamin/vitamin combination to kill cancer cells without affecting the viability of normal cells. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of M/A in targeting cancerous mitochondria. Materials and Methods: Several cancer and normal cell lines of the same origin were used. Cells were treated with different concentrations of M/A for 24 h. The cell viability, mitochondrial superoxide,...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: The clinical significance of surgery for secondary small intestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of resection for both primary and secondary small intestinal NHL. Patients and Methods: Twenty patients with small intestinal lymphoma who underwent surgical resection at our Institute between 2009 and 2017 were retrospectively evaluated. The clinicopathological and surgery-related factors were reviewed. We also analyzed their...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of nucleolin (NCL) and nucleophosmin (NPM) in prostate adenocarcinoma and in its loco-regional spread in the form of seminal vesicle invasion (SVI). Materials and Methods: The study was performed on tissue microarrays of 40 cases of Gleason 3+4 pT3b prostate cancers including tissue samples from SVI. The expression of NCL and NPM was detected immunohistochemically and analyzed with image analysis software. Results: The expression...
Tue Mar 31, 2020 10:47
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