Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05135
Wed May 27, 2020 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01237
Wed May 27, 2020 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00918
Wed May 27, 2020 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01534
Wed May 27, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03197
Wed May 27, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00089
Wed May 27, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01563
Wed May 27, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02398
Wed May 27, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01351
Wed May 27, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01369
Wed May 27, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01579
Wed May 27, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03972
Wed May 27, 2020 07:00
As a member of the platinum drug group, oxaliplatin (OXAL) is used to treat brain tumors, although its use is limited through excessive calcium ion (Ca2+) influx and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in neurons. The Ca2+ permeable transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel is activated by ROS, and its activity might be reduced by the antioxidant property of pregabalin (PREGAB). This study aimed to investigate the protective action of PREGAB against OXAL-induced oxidative neurotoxicity...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
The genomic revolution offers renewed hope of resolving rapid radiations in the Tree of Life. The development of the multispecies coalescent (MSC) model and improved gene tree estimation methods can better accommodate gene tree heterogeneity caused by incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and gene tree estimation error stemming from the short internal branches. However, the relative influence of these factors in species tree inference is not well understood. Using anchored hybrid enrichment, we generated...
Wed May 27, 2020 03:00
Small populations have genetic attributes that make them prone to extinction, including low effective population size (Ne), increased levels of inbreeding, and negative impacts from genetic drift. Some small populations are also clonal with low levels of genetic diversity, restricted seed dispersal, and high levels of genetic structure. Together, these attributes make species with small, isolated, clonal populations unlikely to persist under environmental change. We investigated an endangered woody...
Wed May 27, 2020 03:00
Objective: To understand marriage patterns, homogamy and fertility of women of European ancestry in the United States from an evolutionary perspective we aim to investigate if a prevalence for ancestral homogamy exists, the factors influencing a female preference for an ancestral homogamous vs. an heterogamous marriage, if an ancestral homogamous vs. heterogamous marriages influences fertility and if there is an inherted component of the tendency to marry homogamously vs. heterogamously. Furthermore...
Wed May 27, 2020 03:00
Genetic variation segregates as linked sets of variants, or haplotypes. Haplotypes and linkage are central to genetics and underpin virtually all genetic and selection analysis. And yet, genomic data often lack haplotype information, due to constraints in sequencing technologies. Here we present "haplotagging", a simple, low-cost linked-read sequencing technique that allows sequencing of hundreds of individuals while retaining linkage information. We apply haplotagging to construct megabase-size...
Wed May 27, 2020 03:00
The diversity of species inhabiting freshwater relative to marine habitats is striking, given that freshwater habitats make up less than 1% of Earth's water. The most commonly proposed mechanism for this pattern is that freshwater habitats are more fragmented than marine habitats, resulting in increased opportunities for allopatric speciation in freshwater and thus increased speciation rates relative to marine habitats. However, some authors suggest that speciation is faster in sympatry than allopatry,...
Wed May 27, 2020 03:00
Quantifying and comparing the amount of adaptive evolution among different species is key to understanding evolutionary processes. Previous studies have shown differences in adaptive evolution across species; however, their specific causes remain elusive. Here, we use improved modeling of weakly deleterious mutations and the demographic history of the outgroup species and ancestral population and estimate that at least 20% of nonsynonymous substitutions between humans and an outgroup species were...
Wed May 27, 2020 03:00
Deep-sea fishes show extraordinary visual adaptations to an environment where every photon of light that is captured might make the difference between life and death. While considerable effort has been made in understanding how adult deep-sea fishes see their world, relatively little is known about vision in earlier life stages. Similar to most marine species, larval deep-sea fishes start their life in the well-lit epipelagic zone, where food is abundant and predation relatively low. In this study,...
Wed May 27, 2020 03:00
Background: Organisms evolve complex traits by recruiting existing programs to new contexts, referred as co-option. Within a species, single upstream regulators can trigger full differentiation programs. Distinguishing whether co-option of differentiation programs results from variation in single regulator, or in multiple genes, is key for understanding how complex traits evolve. As an experimentally accessible model for studying this question we turned to budding yeast, where a differentiation program...
Wed May 27, 2020 03:00
The soricid water shrew, Chimarrogale platycephalus, is a mammal species endemic to the Japanese Islands. They inhabit the islands of Honshu and Kyushu, and are considered to be extinct in Shikoku. Information on this water shrew from Honshu and Kyushu is also scarce, and C. platycephalus is registered on the Japanese Governments red list as an endangered species. Almost all study areas such as regarding their ethology, ecology, also their phylogenetics are lacking. The delay in these foundational...
Wed May 27, 2020 03:00
Sexual dimorphism in gene expression is likely to be the underlying source of dimorphism in a variety of traits. Many analyses implicitly make the assumption that dimorphism only evolves when selection favors different phenotypes in the two sexes, although theory makes clear that it can also evolve as an indirect response to other kinds of selection. Furthermore, previous analyses consider the evolution of a single transcript or trait at a time, ignoring the genetic covariance with other transcripts...
Wed May 27, 2020 03:00
Neurosecretory vesicles are highly specialized trafficking organelles important for metazoan cell-cell signalling. Despite the high anatomical and functional diversity of neurons in metazoans, the protein composition of neurosecretory vesicles in bilaterians appears to be similar. This similarity points towards a common evolutionary origin. Moreover, many key neurosecretory vesicle proteins predate the origin of the first neurons and some even the origin of the first animals (metazoans). However,...
Wed May 27, 2020 03:00
The Anopheles gambiae complex consists of multiple morphologically indistinguishable mosquito species including the most important vectors of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in sub-Saharan Africa. Several lineages have only recently been described as distinct, including the cryptic taxon GOUNDRY in central Burkina Faso. The ecological, immunological, and reproductive differences among these taxa will critically impact population responses to disease control strategies and environmental...
Wed May 27, 2020 03:00
The human body is exceptional for many reasons, not the least of which is the wide variety of movements it is capable of executing. Because our species is able to execute so many discrete activities, researchers often disagree on which were the movements most essential to the evolution of our species. This paper continues a recently introduced analysis, that the performance gap between female and male athletes narrows in sports which most reflect movements humans evolved to do. Here, I examine the...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Grouping is a widespread form of predator defense, with individuals in groups often performing evasive collective movements in response to predators' attacks. Individuals in these groups use behavioral rules to coordinate their movements, with visual cues about neighbors' positions and orientations informing movement decisions. Although the exact visual cues individuals use to coordinate their movements with neighbors have not yet been decoded, some studies have suggested that stripes, lines or other...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
The set of mutations observed at the outset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may illuminate how the virus will adapt to humans as it continues to spread. Viruses are expected to quickly acquire beneficial mutations upon jumping to a new host species. Advantageous nucleotide substitutions can be identified by their parallel occurrence in multiple independent lineages and are likely to result in changes to protein sequences. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 is acquiring mutations more slowly than expected for...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Phenotypic variation is widespread in natural populations, and can significantly alter their ecology and evolution. Phenotypic variation often reflects underlying genetic variation, but also manifests via non-heritable mechanisms. For instance, translation errors result in about 10% of cellular proteins carrying altered sequences. Thus, proteome diversification arising from translation errors can potentially generate phenotypic variability, in turn increasing variability in the fate of cells or of...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
By Shane TagupaAdults who have concurrent vision and hearing impairment or dual sensory impairment (DSI) are less likely to be part of the workforce, a recent study finds. "American adults with dual sensory impairment had 40 percent lower odds of employment, while those with vision or hearing impairment alone had about 20 percent lower odds of employment when compared to American adults without either sensory impairment," said Varshini Varadaraj, MD, and Bonnielin K. Swenor, PhD, two of the study...
Tue May 26, 2020 18:30
By Shane TagupaAdults who have concurrent vision and hearing impairment or dual sensory impairment (DSI) are less likely to be part of the workforce, a recent study finds. "American adults with dual sensory impairment had 40 percent lower odds of employment, while those with vision or hearing impairment alone had about 20 percent lower odds of employment when compared to American adults without either sensory impairment," said Varshini Varadaraj, MD, and Bonnielin K. Swenor, PhD, two of the study...
Tue May 26, 2020 18:30
Abstract Astrocytes release biologically active substances that cause inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. The present study investigated the effects of two flavonoids (apigenin and luteolin) on the production of IL-31 and IL-33 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated astrocytes. Cell viability was investigated using EZ-Cytox assay, mRNA expressions of IL-31 and IL-33 were analyzed by RT-PCR, protein expressions were analyzed by...
Wed May 27, 2020 03:00
Abstract The variety of chronic diseases caused by a chronic inflammatory process is an unresolved problem in developed countries. Due to this, modern medicine lacks effective, pathogenetic mechanisms of treatment or at least improvement of the quality of life of people with so-called diseases of civilization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)...
Wed May 27, 2020 03:00
Abstract Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response mediated by excessive production of diverse inflammatory cytokines, remains the vital cause of morality in the intensive care unit (ICU). TLR4-MD2 (toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 2) complex activated by LPS serves as an effective target to decrease the inflammation during sepsis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a new small molecule Z20 structural based on (2S, 3R, 4S)-chromene-3-carboxamide on LPS-induced...
Wed May 27, 2020 03:00
A male Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) perches atop a sunflower. In recent decades, many bird species have become less abundant across North America. (Steve Rushing/)Migratory birds may be particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change compared with birds that stay put during the winter, scientists reported May 26 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The researchers found that residential birds in North America have expanded their ranges into warming northerly areas since...
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A SpaceX rocket seen launching from Cape Canaveral in Florida. (SpaceX/)Iain Boyd is a professor of Aerospace Engineering Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder. This story originally featured on The Conversation.With dreams of Mars on the minds of both NASA and Elon Musk, long-distance crewed missions through space are coming. But you might be surprised to learn that modern rockets don’t go all that much faster than the rockets of the past.There are a lot of reasons that a faster spaceship...
Wed May 27, 2020 22:53
Simply tea-licious. (Matt Hoffman via Unsplash/)In a world obsessed with coffee, tea connoiseurs can feel left out in the cold. Iced tea requires an infusion of hot liquid at just the right temperature for just the right time before chilling, or it can be cold-brewed, but it’s far more complex than sticking a bag in some water. The best iced tea makers offer quality filters for everything from delicate sencha to smoky Lapsang souchong, or make it easy to keep your pitcher filled with enough Southern...
Wed May 27, 2020 22:46
There's nothing necessarily wrong with this photo, but if you get comfortable with a certain photography style (such as portraits), it can be hard to branch out. (Harry Guinness /)Taking great photos is hard work and it’s easy to make the same mistakes again and again. And as soon as you start overcoming one set of mistakes, you start making new ones. I’ve been at it for more than a decade and I still get things wrong all the time.Most mistakes that photographers make, however, aren’t unique failings....
Wed May 27, 2020 23:28
Update 5/27 at 4:22pm: NASA and SpaceX scrubbed the launch due to weather, and will attempt to launch again on Saturday, May 30th at 3:22pm ET. At 4:33 p.m. ET today, a classic scene may return (weather permitting) to Cape Canaveral after a nine-year hiatus. Two astronauts will don flight suits, climb into a vehicle perched atop a powerful rocket, and blast off toward the International Space Station (ISS).If all goes according to plan—at time of this publication, chances of favorable weather hover...
Wed May 27, 2020 23:42
The puff on top prevents wind noise from hitting the microphones. It's typically called a "dead cat." (Sony/)There’s a decent chance your favorite vlogger or YouTuber uses a Sony camera. The company has captured a considerable chunk of the influencer market with cameras like its compact RX-100 and the A6600 with its interchangeable-lens. The cameras are small, relatively simple to operate, and pump out high enough image quality to differentiate themselves from the mostly adequate footage you get...
Wed May 27, 2020 17:34
Backup juice for your car. (Jan Baborák via Unsplash/)There’s no sinking feeling quite like the one that comes when you return to your parked car to find the lights still on and your battery fully drained. Luckily, a quick jump start is usually all it takes to bring your trusty chariot back to life, but what if there’s nobody around to help you boost your car battery with their own? That’s where a standalone car jump starter can make or break your day, allowing you the flexibility and freedom to...
Wed May 27, 2020 16:10
These goats seem to be happy together (Christian Nawroth/)It was like greeting an old friend. Each morning, without fail, Nadia, a snowy white goat with pink transparent ears, would heartily greet Christian Nawroth when he entered the goat pen. Even if Nawroth had an appointment with another goat, Nadia always made her presence known. “I’d say, ‘Hi, Nadia, how are you doing?’ and we’d cuddle a bit,” says Nawroth.Nadia is one of 141 goats residing at Buttercups Sanctuary for Goats, located in Kent,...
Wed May 27, 2020 15:00
The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant global consequences, with healthcare systems stretched to their limits, a growing death toll, and economic devastation as economies came grinding to a halt. The pandemic and its aftereffects will be with us for some time to come, but this isn’t the first pandemic humanity has weathered, and it won’t be the last. Given accelerating advances in medical technology, there is plenty to discuss in terms of how we can be better prepared for the next infectious...
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Researchers at Hokkaido University in Japan have developed a microfluidic test that can detect antibodies against a viral infection. So far, the test has been optimized to detect avian flu, but could be adapted to detect antibodies against the virus causing COVID-19. The device can provide a result in as little as 20 minutes and requires only 2 microliters of serum to run. Antibody tests have been proposed as a way to determine how many people have been exposed to COVID-19, and may help...
Wed May 27, 2020 20:34
Researchers from Penn State and Stanford University have developed a 30-minute urine test to measure levels of substances that can contribute to kidney stone formation. The test could help patients to find out if they are prone to developing kidney stones or to monitor their progress in avoiding kidney stone formation through treatment or dietary changes. Kidney stones are accumulations of crystallized substances such as minerals and salts, and the stones can cause pain and blockages...
Wed May 27, 2020 18:43
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