Abstract Purpose To describe new users of atypical antipsychotics (APs) in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, cardio-metabolic risk profile, prescription patterns, healthcare costs and cardio-metabolic events over the 24 months after treatment initiation. Methods Atypical AP new users were selected from the ReS database and grouped into three:...
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As a member of the platinum drug group, oxaliplatin (OXAL) is used to treat brain tumors, although its use is limited through excessive calcium ion (Ca2+) influx and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in neurons. The Ca2+ permeable transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel is activated by ROS, and its activity might be reduced by the antioxidant property of pregabalin (PREGAB). This study aimed to investigate the protective action of PREGAB against OXAL-induced oxidative neurotoxicity...
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Abstract Follower loads are used to simulate physiological compressive loads on the human spine. These compressive loads represent the load-carrying capacity of the human cervical spine and play an important role in maintaining its stability. However, under different follower loads the biomechanical response of the cervical spine is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of follower load on the biomechanics of the cervical spine. A three-dimensional...
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Abstract Purpose The updated 2016 CNS World Health Organization classification differentiates three main groups of diffuse glioma according to their molecular characteristics: astrocytic tumors with and without isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and 1p/19q co-deleted oligodendrogliomas. The present study aimed to determine whether dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) is an independent prognostic marker...
Abstract Objective Timed neuropsychological tests do not take into account physical impairment during scoring procedures. Dysarthria and upper limb impairment can be easily measured with the PATA rate test (PRT) and the nine-hole pegboard test (9HPT). We recently validated a normalization method for timed neuropsychological tests using the PRT and 9HPT (p9NORM). We now validate the p9NORM in Parkinson’s disease (Yarnall et al. Neurology...
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Abstract Purpose Electromyography (EMG) signals are commonly used in prosthetic limb studies. We have proposed a system to detect six basic hand movements using unsupervised and supervised classification algorithms. In this study, two-channel EMG recordings belonging to six different hand movements are analyzed and the performance of the wavelet-based features for hand movement clustering and classification are examined for six subjects...
Abstract Purpose Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic debilitating disorder which may occur as a result of life-threatening mental trauma. Combat experience may lead to PTSD in veterans. In this paper we study resting state functional connectivity based on EEG signals of Iranian veterans with PTSD. We investigate whether there is a significant difference among PTSD group and two control groups including trauma exposed non-PTSD...
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Publication date: 10 August 2020Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 258Author(s):
Publication date: Available online 27 May 2020Source: Journal of EthnopharmacologyAuthor(s): Xirong Zhou, Wenxin Xia, Yiwei Zhang, Jiahua Ma, Hao Zhou, Lin Dong, Xueyan Fu
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By David Shaw Everyone knows that older people are at greater risk of dying if infected with coronavirus. Some have even suggested that most people dying of the virus would have died this year or next year anyway because of their age and frailty. But this is not true. In fact, the typical person who dies because of the virus loses over a decade of life. This means that in the UK alone, with almost 50,000 deaths from the virus, half a million years of life have already been lost. Each death is awful,...
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Global fatalities related to COVID-19 are expected to be high in 2020–2021. Developing and delivering a vaccine may be the most likely way to end the pandemic. If it were possible to shorten this development time by weeks or months, this may have a significant effect on reducing deaths. Phase II and phase III trials could take less long to conduct if they used human challenge methods—that is, deliberately infecting participants with COVID-19 following inoculation. This article analyses arguments...
Conflicts of interests (COI) are typically divided into those that are financial and those that are not. While there is general agreement that financial COIs have a significant impact on decisions and need to be declared and managed, the status of non-financial COIs continues to be disputed. In a recent BMJ feature article it was proposed that religious beliefs should be routinely declared as an interest. The article generated over 41 responses from the medical community and health researchers, which...
The rapid development in healthcare technologies in recent years has resulted in the need for health services, whether publicly funded or insurance based, to identify means to maximise the benefits and provide equitable distribution of limited resources. This has resulted in the need for rationing decisions, and there has been considerable debate regarding the substantive and procedural ethical principles that promote distributive justice when making such decisions. In this paper, I argue that while...
In his subtle and well-argued paper,1 Ben Davies argues for a limited but still strong right not to know (RNTK) held by patients against medical professionals. Patients may have such a right against health professionals to be sure, but if and only if, that right has been granted to them by the health professionals in question, their professional body or rules regarding professional conduct. In my judgement, patients do not have a moral RNTK and should have no such legal right neither, for the simple...
Despite the fact that psychedelics were proscribed from medical research half a century ago, recent, early-phase trials on psychedelics have suggested that they bring novel benefits to patients in the treatment of several mental and substance use disorders. When beneficial, the psychedelic experience is characterized by features unlike those of other psychiatric and medical treatments. These include senses of losing self-importance, ineffable knowledge, feelings of unity and connection with others...
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New research shows that an RNA molecule involved in preventing tumor formation can change its structure and thereby control protein production in the cell. The finding can have important clinical implications as it opens for new strategies to treat different types of cancer.
New research provides guidance on clinical decision-making in regards to treating pancreatic cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) detected on screening are at elevated risk for subsequent invasive breast cancer and breast cancer-related mortality relative...
Check out some of the latest news on novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Asymptomatic infection: Some 81% of 128 COVID-19 infections detected on a...
Check out today's highlights from NEJM Group: NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery: As telehealth becomes more mainstream, finding ways to add compassion and understanding...
Intravenous artesunate has been approved by the FDA to treat severe malaria in both adults and children. After treatment is complete, patients need to take...
Graduate medical education across the U.S. is adopting video interviews for virtual residency recruitment. Chief resident Dr. Prarthna Bhardwaj takes a look at the implications...
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Objective: The aim of the study was to identify plasma microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers for stratifying and monitoring patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treated with FOLFIRINOX, and to investigate their functional roles. Summary Background Data: FOLFIRINOX has become a standard therapy for patients with advanced PDAC and can be used to potentially downstage disease. However, only a subset of patients respond, and biomarkers to guide decision-making...
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There is limited evidence linking achievement of biochemical response with outcomes in Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH), and it is unclear whether normalization of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels influences prognosis.
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Rapid and comprehensive genetic sequencing has shed light on the origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and allowed timely implementation of PCR tests to determine the presence of viral RNA. PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 are some way from being reliably qualitative and will never indicate how the disease might progress in an individual. As COVID-19 becomes endemic, there is a concomitant need for accurate serological assays to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 antigens and...
Richard Horton1 is critical of the UK Government for not following WHO's advice for COVID-19 testing at a much earlier stage of the pandemic and for not securing supply chains for pharmaceuticals, protective equipment, and appropriate human resources.
The quotes from frontline workers in Richard Horton's Comment1 about COVID-19 and the National Health Service (NHS) make for distressing reading, and the risks currently facing our clinical colleagues weigh heavily on our minds.
Suggestions that more men than women are dying from COVID-19 have appeared in scientific journals1 and newspapers.2,3 To our knowledge, however, no comparisons have been made of relative or absolute mortality differences between women and men. Both matter: a small relative increase in rates applied to a high baseline rate can lead to the same excess counts of deaths as a large relative increase applied to a lower baseline rate.
The UK Government's change in strategy to the COVID-19 pandemic is a move from a Contain–Delay–Mitigate–Research approach to what Richard Horton has termed “Suppress–Shield–Treat–Palliate”.1 Horton argues that “the gravity of [the national] scandal has yet to be understood”. Analysing the actions of the past is only helpful to the extent that we can learn and improve for the present. Fortunately, there is immediate value in understanding, and changing, the flawed assumptions underpinning the UK Government's...
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Abstract Purpose Controversy exists on the association of arterial hypertension (HTN) and neurovascular compression (NVC) at the ventrolateral medulla (VLM). No standardized and reproducible technique has been introduced yet for detection of NVC in HTN. This study aimed to generate, analyze and compare different results of exact reproducible anatomical 3D-representations of the VLM in patients with HTN, based on magnetic resonance imaging...
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By Shane TagupaAdults who have concurrent vision and hearing impairment or dual sensory impairment (DSI) are less likely to be part of the workforce, a recent study finds. "American adults with dual sensory impairment had 40 percent lower odds of employment, while those with vision or hearing impairment alone had about 20 percent lower odds of employment when compared to American adults without either sensory impairment," said Varshini Varadaraj, MD, and Bonnielin K. Swenor, PhD, two of the study...
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Abstract Astrocytes release biologically active substances that cause inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. The present study investigated the effects of two flavonoids (apigenin and luteolin) on the production of IL-31 and IL-33 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated astrocytes. Cell viability was investigated using EZ-Cytox assay, mRNA expressions of IL-31 and IL-33 were analyzed by RT-PCR, protein expressions were analyzed by...
Abstract The variety of chronic diseases caused by a chronic inflammatory process is an unresolved problem in developed countries. Due to this, modern medicine lacks effective, pathogenetic mechanisms of treatment or at least improvement of the quality of life of people with so-called diseases of civilization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)...
Abstract Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response mediated by excessive production of diverse inflammatory cytokines, remains the vital cause of morality in the intensive care unit (ICU). TLR4-MD2 (toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 2) complex activated by LPS serves as an effective target to decrease the inflammation during sepsis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a new small molecule Z20 structural based on (2S, 3R, 4S)-chromene-3-carboxamide on LPS-induced...
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by Claudia Coleine, Federica Gevi, Giuseppina Fanelli, Silvano Onofri, Anna Maria Timperio, Laura Selbmann Antarctic cryptoendolithic communities are self-supporting borderline ecosystems spreading across the extreme conditions of the Antarctic desert and represent the predominant life-form in the ice-free areas of McMurdo Dry Valleys, accounted as the closest terrestrial Martian analogue. Components of these communities are highly adapted extremophiles and extreme-tolerant microorganisms, among...
by Melissa F. Adasme, Daniele Parisi, Kristien Van Belle, Sebastian Salentin, V. Joachim Haupt, Gary S. Jennings, Jörg-Christian Heinrich, Jean Herman, Ben Sprangers, Thierry Louat, Yves Moreau, Michael Schroeder Many drugs are promiscuous and bind to multiple targets. On the one hand, these targets may be linked to unwanted side effects, but on the other, they may achieve a combined desired effect (polypharmacology) or represent multiple diseases (drug repositioning). With the growth of 3D...
by Vennie Mbaziira Nabitaka, Pamela Nawaggi, Jennifer Campbell, James Conroy, Joseph Harwell, Kinanga Magambo, Caroline Middlecote, Benvy Caldwell, Cordelia Katureebe, Norah Namuwenge, Rita Atugonza, Andrew Musoke, Joshua Musinguzi Uganda adopted the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir (DTG) as part its preferred first-line HIV treatment regimen in 2018. Prior to the national rollout, the Uganda Ministry of Health and Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI) launched a pilot study in July 2017 aimed...
by Declan Butorac, Paulo Santos, Phousavanh Phouvin, Francois Guegan We evaluate the impact of a fisheries management program centered on the definition of Fish Conservation Zones on biodiversity, measured as the number of species caught in the last 12 months. Data comes from a set of 32 villages in central Lao PDR, of which half participated in the program, and the remaining are a set of matched control villages. The estimated causal effects are large (an increase between 29 and 32 species)...
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